DIGITAL AND ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORDING APPLIED TO CULTURAL HERITAGE. A CASE STUDY: "St. DOMINGO DE SILOS' CHURCH (XIVth CENTURY, ALCALA LA REAL, SPAIN (original) (raw)
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Digital Photogrammetry and Structure from Motion for Architectural Heritage
Handbook of Research on Emerging Digital Tools for Architectural Surveying, Modeling, and Representation, 2015
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2004
This paper is about the evaluation of a digital non-metric reflex camera (Canon D30) for low cost applications in archaeology, architecture and cultural heritage. At present digital cameras of different geometric qualities are being routinely used for this purposes. The Canon D30 digital camera is a professional camera with a CMOS sensor of 3.2 Mp. Although camera resolution is relatively low, compared with more recent amateur cameras, the sensor is slightly smaller in size than conventional 35 mm film format. The focal length/angle of view conversion factor is approximately 1.6x compared to full frame 35 mm film format. This property makes very interesting the use of this camera in cultural heritage photogrammetric applications, where both accuracy and final image quality are quite important. The camera internal geometry has been solved by means of self calibration with own developed software. First self calibration was made at laboratory using digital target measurement at subpixel accuracy. Proportional accuracies with this method were between 1:20.000 and 1:30.000. But additional self calibrations where carried out with field control points. In this case, accuracy reached was poorest because images were manually measured on natural points, but it was for normal architectural/archaeological applications enough. As main drawback of this camera we can point out the low sensor resolution. So when camera/object distance increases or high oblique photographs are employed the image quality of the final product reduces considerably.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF HERITAGE OBJECTS
Cultural heritage is an invaluable example of human culture and creativity. The majority of them can become unstable or can be destroyed due to a combination of human and natural disturbances. In order to restore, preserve, and systematize data about architectural heritage objects, it is necessary to have geodetic, photogrammetric measurements of such data and to constantly monitor condition of the objects. The data of immovable cultural objects for many years are stored in photogrammetric data archives. Such archives have Germany, Lithuania, England and other countries. The article gives a brief introduction of the history of data archives formation and presents a photogrammetric and modern methods of modelling the spatial geometric properties of objects currently used to reveal immovable cultural properties and to evaluate geometric sizes. The pilot work was done with the Concept Capture simulation program that was developed by the Bentley company with photos of the Blessed Virgin Mary painting in Pivašiūnai of Trakai district. A shot from the ground with 12.4 MP resolution Pentax K-x camera was done using lenses with different focal lengths. The painting of the Blessed Virgin Mary is coordinated by 4 reference geodesic points and therefore after the modelling work it was possible to evaluate the accuracy of the created model. Based on the results of the spatial (3D) model, photo shooting and modelling recommendations are presented, the advantages of the new technology are distinguished.
This paper will describe the evolutionary stages that shaped and built, over the time, a robust and solid relationship between 'indirect survey methods' and knowledge of the 'architectural matter', aiming at producing a conservation project for the built heritage. Collecting architectural data by simply drawing them was considered to be inadequate by John Ruskin already in 1845. He strongly felt the need to fix them through that 'blessed' invention that was the 'daguerreotype.' Today taking simple photographs is not enough: it is crucial to develop systems able to provide the best graphics supports (possibly in the third dimension) for the development and editing of the architectural project. This paper will focus not only on the re-examination of historical data, on the research and representation of the 'sign', but also on the evolution of technologies and 'reading methods', in order to highlight their strengths and weaknesses in the real practice of conservation project and in the use of the architectures of the past.
Handbook of Research on Emerging Digital Tools for Architectural Surveying, Modeling, and Representation, edited by Stefano Brusaporci, 2015
The goal of this paper is to focus on multi-image monoscopic digital photogrammetry, illustrating several types of applications used in a single case study chosen for its unique characteristics: Palazzo dei Capitani del Popolo in the main square in the old town centre of Ascoli Piceno. The description of this experimentation will be illustrated in the paper not only to assess the potential and limits of these systems, but also to place them in a scientific context and recall the theoretical fundamentals of this method, since we believe these in-depth studies to be increasingly necessary in order for these digital technologies to be used properly.
Digital photogrammetry: a standard approach to cultural heritage survey
… REMOTE SENSING AND …, 2003
Digital photogrammetry offers an easy and economical approach to the metric survey of cultural heritage. New software able to manage all photogrammetric procedures (orientation and plotting) are now offered at low cost. They run on standard PC and offer user-friendly interfaces allowing them to be used even by unskilled operators. Photogrammetric survey of cultural heritage can be managed by two different specialists: a photogrammetric expert who plans and executes the image acquisitions, the control point survey and the orientation of the images and an architectural surveyor who interprets the 3D model in order to extract all the necessary information considering the goals of the survey. The paper describes a standard metric survey organisation considering the two different skills with wich to build the 3D model and to extract the traditional representations required to understand the object and to plan a correct restoration procedure.
Studies in Digital Heritage, 2018
This paper presents a methodological contribution in the field of the archaeological restitution’s process. This latter is based on virtual anastylosis, which concerns the reconstruction of fragments of the ruins of the nameless Temple of Tipasa in Algeria. We have to mention that our work focused more particularly on the virtual restitution of the three access doors of the sacred courtyard of the temple. Here, we have found many fragments including the voussoirs, which were revealed during the excavation work, encouraging the proposition of our hypothesis on the initial state of the temple. The protocol followed is based on the photogrammetric survey of the blocks which has allowed us to generate 3d models of the elements constituting the entrance facade to the sacred courtyard. The historical documentation as well as the architectural treatises made it possible to fill the gaps with the aim of communicating the most relevant image of our temple. The main objective of the research ...
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Studies on the architectural heritage can now be supported by three-dimensional reconstruction of actual buildings. The 3D digital model can be an effective medium for documenting the current state of historic buildings but also to create a resource for researchers who conduct their analysis on historical evolution. Architectural photogrammetry has its own specifications in relation to other photogrammetric applications, however it meets these expectations. <br><br> The traditional approach requires the use of metric cameras but with the development of computational techniques, this requirement is overcome and opens the way for the use of non-metric camera. <br><br> The use of the shots that is no longer restricted to the parallel configuration of bundles, the images may be convergent, horizontal or oblique. Combining and modelling several cameras increasingly powerful in resolution and stability, has great scope and the same workflow can be used in varied ap...
New Opportunities of Low-Cost Photogrammetry for Culture Heritage Preservation
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
In the paper, the questions of using the technologies of low-cost photogrammetry in combination with the additional capabilities of modern smartphones are considered. The research was carried out on the example of documenting the historical construction of the II World War – the Kiev Fortified Region. Brief historical information about the object of research is given. The possibilities of using modern smartphones as measuring instruments are considered. To get high-quality results, the camera of the smartphone was calibrated. The calibration results were used in the future to perform 3D modeling of defense facilities. Photographing of three defense structures in a different state: destroyed, partially destroyed and operating was carried out. Based on the results of photography using code targets, 3D object models were constructed. To verify the accuracy of the 3D modelling, control measurements of the lines between the code targets at the objects were performed. The obtained r...