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The Handbook of Peer Production
2021
Peer production is a mode of commons-based and – ideally – commons-oriented production in which participation is voluntary and predicated on the self-selection of tasks. This decentralised organisational model, which does not rely on exclusive ownership and formal contracts, has in some cases surpassed traditional forms of production. Originally the Internet enabled millions of people to collectively produce and revise computer operating systems and applications, encyclopedia articles, and film and television databases. Today peer production is still associated to the digital commons in the case of wireless networks and online currencies, but also encompasses offline ventures such as shared machine shops and biohacking, amongst many others. The Handbook of Peer Production outlines central concepts, examines current and emerging areas of application, and analyses the forms and principles of cooperation that continue to impact multiple areas of production and sociality. Featuring thirty chapters by an international and diverse team of experts in the field, this landmark work maps the origins and manifestations of peer production, discusses the factors and conditions that are enabling and co-opting it, and considers peer production projects’ current impacts and potential consequences for the social order. Detailed chapters address the governance, political economy, and cultures of peer production, as well as user motivations, social rules and norms, the role of peer production in social change and activism, and much more. Filling a gap in available literature as the only extensive overview of peer production’s modes of generating informational goods and services, this ground-breaking volume: • Offers accessible, up-to-date information to both specialists and non-specialists across academia, industry, journalism, and public advocacy; • Includes interviews with leading practitioners discussing the future of peer production; • Critically assesses the histories, key debates, contradictions, and pioneers of peer production; • Explores technologies for peer production, openness and licensing, peer learning, open design, and free and open-source software. The Handbook of Peer Production is an indispensable resource for students, instructors, researchers, and professionals working in fields such as communication studies, science and technology studies, sociology, and management studies, as well as those interested in the network information economy, the public domain, and new forms of organisation and networking. **** Follow The Handbook of Peer Production on Twitter: @beyourownpeer More information is available here: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Handbook+of+Peer+Production-p-9781119537106 **** Table of Contents Part I – Introduction Chapter 01 – The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free-Riding Firms (Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin & Christian Pentzold) Part II – Concepts: Explaining Peer Production Chapter 02 – Grammar of Peer Production (Vasilis Kostakis & Michel Bauwens) Chapter 03 – Political Economy of Peer Production (Benjamin Birkinbine) Chapter 04 – Social Norms and Rules of Peer Production (Christian Pentzold) Chapter 05 – Cultures of Peer Production (Michael Stevenson) Chapter 06 (reprint) – Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue (Yochai Benkler & Helen Nissenbaum) Part III – Conditions: Enabling Peer Production Chapter 07 – Prophets and Advocates (George Dafermos) Chapter 08 – Virtue, Efficiency, and the Sharing Economy (Margie Borschke) Chapter 09 – Openness and Licensing (Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay) Chapter 10 – User Motivations in Peer Production (Sebastian Spaeth & Sven Niederhöfer) Chapter 11 – Governing for Growth in Scope: Cultivating a Dynamic Understanding of How Peer Production Collectives Evolve (Rebecca Karp, Amisha Miller & Siobhan O’Mahony) Part IV – Cases: Realizing Peer Production Chapter 12 – Free & Open Source Software (Stéphane Couture) Chapter 13 – Wikipedia and Wikis (Jutta Haider & Olof Sundin) Chapter 14 – Hacker Cartography: Participatory Mapmaking and Technological Power (Adam Fish) Chapter 15 – Peer Learning (Panayotis Antoniadis & Alekos Pantazis) Chapter 16 – Biohacking (Morgan Meyer) Chapter 17 – Makers (Yana Boeva & Peter Troxler) Chapter 18 – Blockchain (Pablo Velasco Gonzáles & Nate Tkacz) Chapter 19 – Wireless Community Networks (Gwen Shaffer) Chapter 20 – Urban Commons (Nicholas Anastapoulos) Part V – Conflicts: Peer Production and the World Chapter 21 – Peer Production and Social Change (Mathieu O’Neil & Sébastien Broca) Chapter 22 – Peer Production and Collective Action (Stefania Milan) Chapter 23 – Feminist Peer Production (Sophie Toupin) Chapter 24 – Postcolonial Peer Production (Maitrayee Deka) Chapter 25 – Gaps in Peer Design (Francesca Musiani) Chapter 26 – Makerspaces and Peer Production: Spaces of Possibility, Tension, Post-Automation, or Liberation? (Kat Braybrooke & Adrian Smith) Chapter 27 – Peer Production and State Theory: Envisioning a Cooperative Partner State (Alex Pazaitis & Wolfgang Drechsler) Part VI – Conversions: Advancing Peer Production Chapter 28 – Making a Case for Peer Production: Interviews with Peter Bloom (Rhizomatica), Mariam Mecky (HarassMap), Ory Okolloh (Ushahidi), Abraham Taherivand (Wikimedia Deutschland) & Stefano Zacchiroli (Debian) Chapter 29 – What’s Next? Peer Production Studies? (Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin & Christian Pentzold) Chapter 30 – Be Your Own Peer! Principles and Policies for the Commons (Mathieu O’Neil, Sophie Toupin & Christian Pentzold)
CC: Creative Commons License, 2014. The Coming Revolution of Peer Production and Revolution
2016
Abstract: This article agrees with Meretz (2014) that the peer producing cooperatives which are pro-posed by Bauwens & Kostakis (2014) will become parts and parcels of the capitalist economy. Fur-ther, it argues that the so called Peer Production Licenses (PPL), originally designed by Dmitry Kleiner (2010), which is the basis of their proposal is a rent seeking instrument. Contra Bauwens & Kostakis, it argues that, from the perspectives of both reform and revolution, GPL is profoundly anti-capitalist. The article critiques Meretz`s understanding of exchange and reciprocity, on the one hand, and his under-estimation of GPL`s communist aspect, on the other. On the positive side, the article, explicating the communist nature of GPL-oriented peer production, speculates about the general contours of a socie-ty where peer production is the dominant mode of production. The technological basis of this society, the article suggests, will be digital copying and automation. Spatially, it will ...
Peer production & peer support at the Free Technology Academy
2011
The Free Technology Academy (FTA) is a programme of masterlevel courses on Free Software and Open Standards that publishes all of its materials as Open Educational Resources. The FTA is run through a virtual campus, entirely based on Free Software and implemented as part of a European project. The goal is to make the production of course materials economically sustainable. We surmise that peer production is an alternative that will foster the sustainability of the FTA. Our ultimate goal is to identify how peer production can be fostered and supported. To that end, in this paper we first describe the FTA educational methodology as well as the characteristics of peer production. Next, we present some evidence that shows the motivation people have to participate in peer production, mainly in Free Software, as well as the importance of Learning Networks in this context. Thereafter, we discuss our initial thoughts about what lessons can be drawn. Finally, we present conclusions and future work.
Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020
Peer production communities (c.f. Benkler 2002) are typified by principles of access to resources, inclusive participation, transparency of action, and democratic work. However, the ways in which they operate and evolve depend on various infrastructural and governance mechanisms. Literature suggests that there are three key challenges to overcome in building and sustaining a community that produces open knowledge goods, namely motivation (incentives for participation), coordination (efficient organization of work), and integration (effective creation of high quality end products). We present a theoretical framework to analyze case study findings from the WikiTribune project, a "hybrid" model of peer production. This project is characterized as an open collaborative journalism model that combines elements of commercial firm-based production with that of commons-based peer production. The framework identifies factors affecting hybrid models and the impact on community and resource development.