Place crowd safety, crowd science? Case studies and application (original) (raw)

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the development and application of place crowd safety management tools for areas of public assembly and major events, from a practitioner perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe crowd safety risk assessment model is known as design, information, management-ingress, circulation, egress (DIM-ICE) (Still, 2009) is implemented to optimise crowd safety and potentially throughput. Three contrasting case studies represent examples of some of the world’s largest and most challenging crowd safety projects.FindingsThe paper provides some insight into how the DIM-ICE model can be used to aid strategic planning at major events, assess potential crowd risks and to avoid potential crowd safety issues.Practical implicationsIt provides further clarity to what effective place management practice is. Evidence-based on the case studies demonstrates that the application of the DIM-ICE model is useful for recognising potential place crowd safety issues and identifyin...