Awareness and Knowledge of Ocular Effects of Diabetes among Diabetics-Evidence from a Hospital Based Study (original) (raw)
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Nigerian Medical Journal, 2013
According to the International Diabetes Federation over 7.1 million people in sub-Saharan Africa are now estimated to suffer from DM and this will increase to 15.0 million by 2025. 3 Diabetes used to be very uncommon some decades ago with estimates ranging from 0.2 to 0.4% in Ghana. 4-6 This situation is steadily changing as diabetes now accounts for 6.8% adult admissions at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. 7 This estimate is close to the finding of a population-based survey in Accra which recorded a prevalence of 6.3% among subjects aged 25 years and older. 8 President of the National Diabetes Association gave a current estimate of the diabetic population in Ghana to be more than 4 million. 9 This increase in prevalence could be attributed to several risk factors including ageing, diet, obesity and physical inactivity. 10 Diabetic patients suffer systemic complications including ocular disorders. It is estimated that 4.51 million of the ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant cause of visual impairment, hence adequate knowledge on this condition and its ocular manifestations is of immense importance to diabetic patients. Aim: To assess the knowledge of diabetic patients on the disorder and its ocular manifestations, and their attitude towards ocular examinations. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving the use of a structured interview was conducted among diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Using Fishers Exact Chi-square (χ 2) and Odds Ratios (ORs), data obtained was analyzed. Results: Only 103 (26.4%) patients knew the type of diabetes mellitus they were suffering from. Knowledge on ocular effects of diabetes mellitus was low and only 15 (3.8%) knew that it could affect the ocular refraction with no patient mentioning that diabetes mellitus could cause cataract or diabetic retinopathy. Attitude to routine eye examination was poor. As much as 135 (34.6%) had never had an eye examination since being diagnosed of diabetes. Knowledge of the type of diabetes mellitus the individual had or any ocular complication of this disorder was significantly related (OR: 4.22; P < 0.001 and OR: 2.55; P < 0.001) respectively to their attitude to seeking eye care. Conclusion: Diabetic patients' knowledge on diabetes mellitus and its ocular manifestations, and the attitude of diabetic patients towards eye examination were poor. Intensive health education by diabetes care givers and leaders of the Ghana Diabetic Association for diabetic patient is therefore required to improve attitude towards eye care to prevent visual impairment.
Background: Increased awareness and knowledge about the sight-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus are keys to better understanding of the importance of routine eye examinations for the early detection and treatment of ocular complications in diabetics. Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge level of diabetes patients on the effect of diabetes on their eyes. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary Hospital. Material and Methods: Consenting patients aged 20 years and above were sampled conveniently at the center. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire assessing patients' demographic background, awareness and knowledge of the effect of diabetes on the eye. Statistical Methods: Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine demographic characteristics of participants associated with the level of awareness and knowledge about the ocular effects of diabetes. Results : A total of 162 (males-69; females-93) participants were recruited for the study with most (76.60 %) participants aged 40 years and above. 80.20 % were aware that uncontrolled diabetes can affect the eye whiles 48.80 % of participants did not know examples of specific eye conditions with diabetes. Income status and number of years ago diagnosed diabetes were possible predictors of awareness, whiles age predicted knowledge about the ocular effects of uncontrolled diabetes. Conclusion: The low level of knowledge of specific ocular conditions associated with diabetes recorded signifies the need for further health education for patients on ocular complications with much stress on specific ocular conditions associated with diabetes for better knowledge and better management of diabetes.
Introduction: Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in the middle-and low-income countries. The leading causes of blindness secondary to diabetes are diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the knowledge level of diabetic patients on diabetes and its eye complications in selected health facilities within the Tema Metropolis in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Methods: A total of 422 pretested structured questionnaires were systematically administered to interview diabetic patients at Tema General Hospital, Tema Polyclinic and Manhean Health Centre. Data were collected on respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of diabetic status, knowledge of diabetic eye disease and referral rate for eye examinations. Univariate analysis was applied to establish the frequency and percentage distributions of the responses. Chi-square (χ 2) and Fisher's exact tests were employed to determine the factors associations. Regression analysis was used to predict the strength of the associations. The threshold for statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A few (3.86%) of diabetic patients did not know that they had diabetes. Knowledge of diabetic ocular complications was low, and only 77 (18.60%) of the patients knew two or more of the ocular complications of diabetes. Knowledge of diabetic ocular complications was significantly associated with age group (p = 0.019), educational level (p<0.001), marital status (p = 0.002), occupation (p = 0.001), ethnicity (p = 0.030), income level (p<0.001) and residence (p = 0.008). Majority of the interviewees (63.04%) had a history of an eye examination. Only 57.33% of them were referred for the eye examination by the doctor managing diabetes. Conclusion: Knowledge of diabetic eye complications is low among diabetic patients. Most of the referrals for eye exams are done by their physicians managing diabetes. Policies by the government are required to decrease the incidence of diabetes. Also, healthcare authorities are required to intensify the education on diabetic eye complications and early referral for an eye examination.
Ocular Health Status of Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Uyo, South- South Nigeria
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the systemic diseases with serious ocular complications. Ocular complications from diabetes mellitus could result from the microangiopathy and changes in the lens largely from poor gylcaemic control. Ocular complications also depend on duration of diabetes and presence or absence of other co-morbid conditions like hypertension. Since majority of the complications occur without prior symptoms, there is need for improved level of awareness in the community. This can only occur from a background of knowledge, hence this study. Materials and method: Interviewer administered questionnaire was administered to 218 consenting diabetic patients who were previously diagnosed or diagnosed in the eye clinic between January 2009 and December 2010. Ocular examination was carried out by the investigator. Result so obtained was analysed using SPSS17.0 statistical package. Result obtained presented as simple tables Results: Of the 218 diabetic patients examined, cataract was the commonest anterior segment finding (56.4%), while non proliferative diabetic retinopathy was commonest posterior segment finding (31%).glaucomatous disc cupping was seen in (11.4%). Conclusion: Diabetic eye complications are a public health problem hence the need for improved level of awareness and development of diabetic screening programmes in our community.
Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases
Introduction: The frequency and severity of eye complications from diabetes make patient education essential, which is the basis for adequate management. What is the level of education of diabetic patients in Lomé? The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of diabetic patients on the ocular complications of diabetes in Lomé. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by surveys on diabetic patients from April 1 to June 31, 2020, in 6 diabetes management centers in Lomé. The correct response rate was established for each component. Knowledge: poor (≤ 50%), low (50%-65%), medium (65%-85%) and good (≥ 85%). Attitudes: harmful (≤ 50%), erroneous (50%-65%), approximate (65%-85%) and fair (≥ 85%). Practice: harmful (≤ 50%), inadequate (50%-65%) and adequate (>65%). Results: Over the study period, 150 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 56.98 ± 13.37 years with a sex ratio of 1.1 (79 men/71 women). The overall level of knowledge was insufficient (50.6%) with 65.5% for general knowledge about diabetes and 35.8% for ocular complications of diabetes. Attitudes were approximate (68.7%). In the case of hyperglycemia, 31.3% of patients would confide in a diabetologist and 22.0% in a general practitioner. If decrease in vision, 84.3% of patients would contact the ophthalmologist. The level of practice was harmful (20.4%). For diabetic follow-up, 36.7% of patients have already seen an ophthalmologist, 41.3% have performed a fundus examination, 17.3% retinal angiography, 4% laser retinal photocoagulation and 2.7% intravitreal injection (IVT). An awareness session on the ocular complications of diabetes was followed by 52.7% of patients and 50.7% of patients followed a therapeutic education session. Conclusion: This study has shown
African Vision and Eye Health, 2017
Methods: A descriptive study on a single group of participants was conducted at the Outpatient Department at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein. Non-random judgemental sampling was used to select participants who were diagnosed with diabetes. All participants were above the age of 18 and gave signed consent after reading through the information document provided. Results: The participants (n = 70) were mainly women (72%) and elderly (> 40 years). Age groups represented were 40 years (7.1%), 40-49 years (12.9%), 50-59 years (32.9%), 60-69 years (28.6%) and ≥ 70 years (18.56%). Almost 82% of the participants were aware that DM can cause blindness and 85.7% were aware of cataracts as a possible complication of DM. Almost half (47.1%) were not aware that DM can cause DR and more than half (52.9%) were unaware that DM can cause increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for further education of diabetic patients regarding the relationship between DM and the ocular complications.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), other diabetes-related ocular changes (e.g., cataracts, corneal ulceration), and non-diabetic ocular disease in Ghanaian children and adolescents. The second objective was to evaluate the relationship between these conditions and age at diagnosis, current age, diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, and participant’s sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study, undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, included a cohort of children and adolescents (4–19 years) with DM recruited from selected health facilities in Ghana, from March 2016 to September 2019, after written informed consent or assent. The cohort will be followed up for 3 years to determine the natural course of the ocular changes, reported later. Participants were examined for all microvascular and macrovascular complications, non-diabetic ocular disease, anthropometric measurements, laboratory characteristics and quality of life iss...
PREVALENCE OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS IN THE KUMBA URBAN AREA, CAMEROON
The study aimed at determining the prevalence of visual impairment among diabetic patients in the Kumba urban area, South West Region, Cameroon. The descriptive cross-sectional study was hospital-based. Through purposive sampling technique, 84 diabetic patients were selected from three hospitals with Diabetic and Eye Clinics in the Kumba urban area, Cameroon. The participants were taken through visual acuity measurement, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, subjective refraction and slit lamp examinations. Informed consent was signed by the study subjects. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS v. 20. A total of 52.4% were females and 47.6% were males. The total prevalence of visual impairment among diabetics in the area was 17.8% A total of 60.0% of the visually impaired were females and 40.0% being males (p<0.05, 95% CI).The prevalence of ocular conditions among the visually impaired diabetics was 43.3% for cataract, 23.3% for diabetic retinopathy (DR), 16.7% for glaucoma, 13.4% for refractive error and 3.3% for other ocular conditions. This study revealed that the prevalence of visual impairment among diabetic patients in the Kumba urban area, Cameroon was 17.8%. Cataract was the leading ocular condition with 43.3%, present in the visually impaired participants of this study.
The Internet Journal of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2012
Background: Sight threatening diabetes retinopathy and consequent visual impairment are prevalent and are therefore an important public health problem.Aims: The aim of the study was to document blindness and visual impairment among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients attending the diabetes specialist clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH).Methods: A Cross sectional observational study of DM patients referred from diabetes specialiast clinic to eye clinic of UMTH between January and December 2007, for evaluation. They all underwent ophthalmic evaluation including dilated funduscopy and tonometry.Results: A total of 96 DM patients were evaluated during the study period. There were 49 (51.0%) males and 47 (49.0%) females (MF: 1:1). The mean age There were 11 (11.5%) type1 and 85 (88%) type 2 DM patients. Blindness was seen in 4 (4.2%) of all the diabetes patients seen while visual impairment was seen in 12 (12.5%). All the bilaterally blind patients had diabetes for 10 years or more. Diabetes retinopathy was the commonest cause of bilateral blindness. Other causes of blindness and visual impairment were macular oedema, cataract and refractive error. Conclusion s: Blindness among diabetes is common. Diabetes retinopathy is a major cause of blindness and visual impairment. It is recommended that laser photocoagulation facility be provided for the major ophthalmic centres.