Simple and Improved Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Paracetamol Using Sodium Nitroprusside Chromogenic Reagent (original) (raw)
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Journal of Al-Nahrain University Science, 2009
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of paracetamol. The method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) sulfate. The produced iron(II) reacts with potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) forming Prussian blue colored product with a maximum absorption at 710 nm. Linearity was in the range 0.1-7.0 µg mL-1 paracetamol [2.5-175.0 µg / 25 mL] with a limit of detection (signal : noise = 3) of 0.038 µg mL-1 , a molar absorptive of 3.477 × 10 4 L mol-1 cm-1 , a Sandell sensitivity of 4.348 ng cm-2 , a relative error of less than ± 1.5% and a relative standard deviation of 0.745-1.002% depending on the paracetamol concentration. The proposed method was statistically applied to the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method has been statistically evaluated with British Pharmacopeia method and no statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level.
Determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples by spectrophotometric method
Eclética Química Journal, 2020
It is described the use of 1,3 dinitrobenzene or 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine is used as coupling agent for the spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol. This method is easy and simple based on the reaction of acid hydrolysis of paracetamol to produce p-aminophenol, which in turn reacts with nitrite in acidic standard to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with coupling agent in basic standard to produce azo dyes. The formed dyes follow Beer’s law in the range of 0.8-20.5 mg mL-1 of paracetamol with 1, 3 dinitrobenzene or 0.5-18.4 mg mL-1 of paracetamol with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine with absorption maxima at 429 nm or 430 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of paracetamol with 1,3 dinitrobenzene or paracetamol with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine azo dyes were 1.965×104 L mol-1 cm-1 or 2.776×104 L mol-1 cm-1, and 7.692×10-3 mg cm-2 or 5.698×10-3 mg cm-3 respectively. The dyes formed are stable for more than 12 h. The optimal reaction circumstances and other an...
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING ICCMSE 2021
Paracetamol, which first formulated into pharmaceutical formulations by Von Mering in 1893, is also known as acetaminophen is present in most antipyretic and analgesic medicines. A significant analytical concern is the development of experimental analytical methods for the quick and selective determination of Paracetemol in active pharmaceutical ingredients. The paracetamol (PCTL) determination method was explicitly described; the optimal reaction method conditions, i.e. the oxidative coupling method, were as follows: 0.76 mM hexacyanoferrate concentration, 3.8 mM potassium hydroxide, and 0.095 mM m-phenylenediamine (MPDA), 0.05 mM PCTL concentration. In order to approve the performance of the methods, the linearity, coefficient correlation, precision, and accuracy were evaluated. The procedure for evaluating PCTL in skeletal muscle relaxant samples is highly applicable.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of
2013
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic, antipyretic and a mild anti inflammatory drug. In several developing countries some of pharmaceutical industries sale fake, counterfeit and substandard drugs which affect the health of people. The present study investigates the comparison for the quantitative determination of various brands of paracetamol tablet using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, potentiometric and trimetric methods. Four brands (Pacimol, Paracip, Parazest, and Crocin) of paracetamol tablets having 500 mg strength were purchased from various pharmacy shops within Pari chowk and Jagat market in Greater Noida, India. Weight variation test was performed before the assay of paracetamol samples. The result of tablets weight variation (Mean ± S.D) of Crocin, Parazest, Paracip and Pacimol brand was 0.66 ± 0.014, 0.64 ± 0.010, 0.58 ± 0.007 and 0.55 ± 0.009 respectively. All brands showed different mean weight which indicates the use of different excipients in the different brands. The ranges of the amount of paracetamol content (g/tab) for paracetamol samples analyzed using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, potentiometric and trimetric methods were from 0.49195-0.52010, 0.48300-0.52100 and 0.48106-0.50110 respectively. The results indicated that all four brands of paracetamol tablets have sufficient quantity and amount is approximately similar to the company's recommended or claimed value. Similarly, the ranges of percentage content (assay) of the analyzed samples using UV-Visible spectrophotometric, potentiometric and trimetric methods were from 98.69-104.20%, 96.60-104.20%, and 96.21-100.22% respectively. The assay results indicated that variation among all brands and this may show that different manufacturer formulates the different brands are under the IP specification. However, all of the brands of the tablets under the study were complied with the IP specification and passed for weight variation test and assay conducted on it. Hence, the drug control authority of the government should be continuously monitored the safety, quality, and efficacy of paracetamol tablet through post marketing surveillance practices, and the proper internal quality control of the pharmaceutical companies need to take further necessary steps to ensure the continuity in the establishment of the product quantity and quality.
Chem. Pharm. Bull.., 2006
Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; abbreviated as PCT) has been widely used as analgesic and antipyretic drug. Paracetamol is a weak acid (pK a ϭ9.5) which is rapidly absorbed and distributed after oral administration and excreted largely in urine: 45-55% as glucuronide conjugates, 20-30% as sulphate, 15-55% as cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates and only 1-5% unchanged. 1) Although PCT is usually well tolerated when used at the recommended dose, large doses have been associated with lethal hepatic necrosis and renal failure. 2) Various methods have been proposed for the determination of PCT in biological fluids (urine, plasma and serum). Relatively few reports describe high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the estimation of urine and serum concentrations of PCT using spectrophotometric, 2-10) fluorescence 11) and electrochemical detection. 12) Other methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13) capillary electrophoresis (CE), 14) and gas chromatography (GC) 15) have also been reported. There are many reliable methods for assaying urinary PCT levels, but they are often time-consuming, technically demanding, and requires the use of costly, highly specialized instruments.
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Paracetamol in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
E-Journal of Chemistry, 2011
A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of paracetamol has been developed. The proposed method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and a subsequent reaction with ferricyanide in an hydrochloric acid medium to yield Prussian bluish green coloured product with a miximum absorption at 715 nm. There were no interferences observed from the common excipients present in the formulations. The method is successfully employed for the determination of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical preparations and the results have been statistically compared with those obtained by the official method.
2020
A novel, safe and sensitive method of spectrophotometric estimation in UVregion has been developed for the assay of paracetamol in its tablet formulation. The method have been developed and validated for the assay of paracetamol using Methanol and water as diluents. Which does not shows any interference in spectrophotometric estimations. All the parameters of the analysis were chosen according to ICH [Q2 (R1)] guideline and validated statistically using RSD and %RSD along with neat chromate grams. INTRODUCTION:
A simple, sensitive, accurate and robust differential UV absorption spectrophotometric (DUAS) method for routine assay of paracetamol in pure and tablet dosage forms has been developed and validated in line with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The UV spectra of paracetamol was obtained separately in 0.1 N NaOH and HCl; assay of different tablet formulations was done by differential absorbance and the developed DUAS method subsequently applied for validation as per ICH guidelines. The overlain spectra showed maximum paracetamol absorption at 243.8 nm (maxima) and 255.6 nm (minima) in 0.1 N HCl and NaOH respectively. The developed method gave 99.5 to 100.2 % of the manufacturers' claimed label content and recovery (accuracy level) of 98.2 ±1.09 (RSD 1.05 %) to 102.4±2.19 % (RSD 0.93 %) of paracetamol in different selected tablet dosage forms. The standard Beer's limit (and linearity range) was 1-20 µg/mL with R 2 value 0.992. Both intra-and inte...
International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013
A new spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of Paracetamol (PCT) and protriptyline HCl (PTP) in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations. The experiment involves the use of 3-chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one as a novel chromogenic reagent for the determination of PCT and PTP. The method is based on the formation of charge transfer complex between the drugs and chromogenic reagent. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 10.00–60.00 µg mL−1 for PCT at 545 nm and 40.00–160.00 µg mL−1 for PTP at 468 nm. The molar absorptivity, Sandell, sensitivity, and limit of detection and quantification are also calculated. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of both PCT and PTP in pharmaceutical samples with acceptable results.