ARTSAKH'S ENERGY SECURITY: POST-WAR CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES (original) (raw)
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYDRO-ENERGY COMPLEX OF REPUBLIC OF ARTSAKH
An attempt is made to analyze the development of the hydropower industry in Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh Republic) in a comprehensive way, identifying the basic problems of the industry. It is shown that the development of the hydropower complex forms the prerequisites for implementation of the concept of an “energy independent” state, and in the future - state with an excess of electricity capacities ready to increase exports. Thus, the possibilities of exporting the electricity produced in Republic of Artsakh are analyzed. The main factors preventing the republic from making full use of its export potential are identified. In particular, the level of influence of the international status of Republic of Artsakh as an unrecognized state on the development of energy communications are studied. Export issues are considered in the context of Armenia's connection to the “North-South” energy corridor. It is shown that taking into account the construction of the high-voltage air line Arajazor-Qarvachar-Zod, the output of Artsakh electricity through Armenia's energy system to foreign markets looks quite realistic. Particular attention is paid to historical preconditions for the formation of the hydropower complex of Republic of Artsakh. It is revealed that during the Soviet period the foundations for the sustainable development of the Artsakh energy system was created, which wss expressed in the presence of necessary infrastructures on the basis of which the entire energy security system of the republic was built during the years of independence. The peculiarities of the policy of assessing the energy potential and development of water resources conducted in Republic of Artsakh are studied. The target program of the government "Development of the NKR water resources", as well as the basic values and criteria of the industry development laid down in the main legislative acts regulating the industry - "Law on Energy" and "Law on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy" are analyzed. It is revealed that hydropower is a kind of system-forming factor that stimulates the institutional development in Artsakh. As the most successful example, the IPO (Initial Public Offering) of JSC "Artsakh HPP" which gave a new quality to the state financial and economic institutions is considered. It is stated that the energy system of Republic of Artsakh acts as the locomotive of its economy, which demonstrates high rates of development. According to the results of 2015, economic growth in the republic amounted to 9.1%, following the results of 2016 - 9.2%, which was largely promoted by activity in the construction of hydroelectric power infrastructures and the growth of electricity production. Keywords: Republic of Artsakh, hydropower, water resources, energy independence, energy surplus, export, IPO.
WISDOM
The quality of opposition and penetration possibilities are also altering in the rapidly changing world. In parallel with the technical and technological development, it seems that in pre-war, wartime and post-war proceedings, the informative and psychological components, if are not pushed to the forefront, do not concede to the military actions with their significance of influencing the opponent. The second war of Artsakh, which lasted from September 27 to November 9 in 2020 and the military crimes carried out by the Turk-Azerbaijani tandem during the war, shows that the policy towards Armenians implemented by both Turks and Azerbaijani has not been changed over a century. That is, since 1918, all the tools with the military, informational, and psychological components used by Azerbaijan are initially targeted not only at the azerbaijanization of the territories but also against the statehood of Artsakh and human rights. In this regard, it is imperative for the Armenian side to cle...
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The usurpation of the Armenian cultural heritage of Artsakh by the government of Azerbaijan is a component of Azerbaijan's anti-Armenian policy. This is organized via very flexible internal mechanisms, that appear complex from outside. The article identifies and discusses the following mechanisms: a. usurpation through the propaganda of equality of nations and internationalism; b. attribution of the cultural heritage of Artsakh Armenians to Caucasian Albanians and heretofore to Azerbaijanis; c. renaming, reusage, transformation; d. physical destruction.
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If Armenian and Azerbaijani negotiators ever agree on the future status of Nagorno-Karabakh, it will not necessarily resolve the long-running conflict, because any peace treaty would require the consent of the Karabakh Armenians, whose political representatives are currently excluded from peace negotiations. It is difficult to imagine the Karabakh Armenians consenting to such a treaty without a change in their perception of the Azerbaijanis. According to the theory of conflict transformation/peacebuilding, Nagorno-Karabakh’s civil society should be able to make a contribution to this change. Using the example of four Nagorno-Karabakh civil society organisations, this study shows how they positively or negatively influence conflict transformation.