Investigation of Electrical Properties & Mechanical Quality Factor of Piezoelectric Material (PZT-4A) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2016
Energy harvesting is the process of attaining energy from the external sources and transforming it into usable electrical energy. An analytical model of piezoelectric energy harvester has been developed to determine the output voltage across an electrical circuit when it is forced to undergo a base excitation. This model gives an easy approach to design and investigate the behavior of piezoelectric material. Numerical simulations have been carried out to determine the effect of frequency and loading on a Lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) piezoelectric material. It has been observed that the output voltage from the harvester increases when loading increases whereas its resonance frequency decreases. The analytical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental and numerical simulation results.
Review on Advanced Piezoelectric Materials (BaTiO3, PZT)
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2019
Piezoelectric materials are some naturally occurring materials which produces mechanical stresses when subjected to some voltages. But natural piezoelectric materials suffers a lot of disadvantages like low strength, sensitivity toward moisture, limited operating temperature range so, to overcome these drawbacks piezoelectric ceramics are made. Two major piezoelectric ceramics used are barium titanate (BaTiO3) and lead zirconium titanate (PZT).BaTiO3 is ferroelectric ceramic which exhibit photorefractive effect and piezoelectric properties. BaTiO3 has a disadvantage of low Curie temperature which can be further overcome by processing. Lead Zirconate titanate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula Pb[ZrxTi1-x] O3(0< x<1). Also called PZT, it is a ceramic perovskite material that shows a marked piezoelectric effect, meaning that the compound changes shape when an electric field is applied. Nowadays, they become the dominant piezoelectric materials in the fields of piezoelectric applications such as actuators, sensors, and transducers in intelligent systems and smart structures, dominating the world market today. Therefore, the aim of this review is giving a state of art in polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramic materials, like BaTiO3 and PZT and their applications. This review is organized in the following way. In the first part, the history and processing of piezoelectric ceramic materials are briefly introduced, and then the general characteristics of BaTiO3 and PZT are described with an emphasis on the piezoelectric parameters, compositions and properties, and piezoelectric constitutive relationships. Characterization methods for piezoelectric properties and ferroelectric domain structures of piezoelectric ceramic materials are addressed in the third part. Finally, various applications of piezoelectric ceramic materials in ultrasonic actuators, sensors, transducers, and active vibration controlling, are described.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2015
The main methods used to measure the mechanical quality factor in piezoelectric ceramics under high power resonance conditions are the electrical impedance method and the transient method. These methods are limited in their ability to provide relevant data from an application perspective because of the conditions under which the measurements must occur. In this research, a unique approach for characterizing the mechanical quality factor in piezoelectric materials has been developed. This method allows for the calculation of the quality factor from data at a single frequency, which is not possible with other methods. This technique has been applied to a hard PZT material for vibration conditions ranging from antiresonance to resonance at a vibration velocity of 100 mm/s RMS. Results from the quality factor measurement from impedance data and from the new method have a deviation of <2% at resonance, proving the validity of the new electrical power method.
Optimization of system and piezoelectric effect on PZT crystal
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
The pressure sensing technology is playing an essential role in hydraulic system, water flow in pipes, blood pressure in human body, oil and gas plants. The measurement of pressure, force and stress on the piezoelectric material is difficult. The piezoelectric transducer was used to measure the reference pressure of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) crystal material. It has fast response with dynamic load, self power and simple circuits. For this experimental work, the different types input factors such as operating voltage, rated current and resonant frequency were used to found the response such as pressure. The most influential factor which affects the pressure was measured through variance analysis. The optimal pressure of PZT crystal was evaluated through Taguchi method.
Study of correlations between microstructure and piezoelectric properties of PZT thin films
2015
MEMS have been developed since 1980, when they appeared as derivatives from the microelectronic industry. They were first used in accelerometers and car airbags. They have diversified since then and expanded. One of the main contributors to this expansion are piezoelectric materials. Among them, PbZrTiO3 (PZT) is widely used for its outstanding piezoelectric performances. Sol-gel PZT thin films fabricated at CEA are worldwide state of the art. In order to stay competitive, several R&D strategies have been developed. One of them is a detailed study of PZT microstructure in order to draw correlations with the piezoelectric effect in PZT films. The goal of this study is to optimize PZT microstructure aiming to reach its best piezoelectric properties. For this purpose, this thesis takes advantage of numerous studies performed on PZT bulk ceramics in order to analyze PZT thin films microstructure and its modifications with voltage. PZT bulk ceramics of morphotropic composition are now we...
Innovation and Application of Piezoelectric Materials: A Theoretical Approach
2015
The coming era of world has moved to an exceptional leading contest of innovations and inspiration. In this paper, an attempt has been made to propose the existence and need of piezoelectric materials in the day to day technology, in order to secure the outstanding wasted energy, which can be easily stored and can be utilized in some useful work. There is a lot of mechanical energy which is produced in millions of works ranging from snores of sleep to the vibrations of a jet or rocket. These vibrational energies can be easily transformed to another form and can be utilized further with the help of these piezoelectric materials. This paper contains some of the modes and methods of working field of piezoelectric materials.
Ceramics International, 2020
The piezoelectric material behavior, including loss mechanism, under external DC electric field and stress biases have been extensively studied in lead zirconate titanate ceramics. However, in order to achieve a better understanding of these effects, development of a comprehensive model is required. The purpose of this paper is to develop a phenomenological model to explain the nonlinear nature of piezoelectric parameters under DC bias electric field and stress. Therefore, the Landau-Devonshire energy function considering external biases was developed and accordingly the material properties were derived, based on first order approximation. In order to explain the compliance and piezoelectric constants change higher order elastic and electrostrictive terms were introduced into the Gibb's free energy function. Accordingly, thermodynamic theory parameters, including higher order parameters, of a soft PZT were measured and characterized based on inverse permittivity behavior near Curie temperature. Finally, the phenomenological model predictions of material property changes under DC bias electric field and compressive stress were compared with experimental data reported by our group. The proposed model succeeded to explain the material properties change under external biases. Furthermore, the effect of DC electric field and compressive stress on loss parameters were explained based on domain wall motion.
Assessment of PZT (Soft/Hard) Composites for Energy Harvesting
Ferroelectrics, 2020
This research is focused on piezoelectric energy harvesting at high pressure fields and low frequency applications. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) is the primary piezoelectric evaluated with a focus on different PZT types (soft and hard). Study of piezoelectric energy harvesting has been done earlier in cantilever designs however this study concentrates on the d 33 mode. Several PZT samples and geometries have been tested as well as composite structures with different PZT types. The utilization of electrodynamic test systems and simulation tools used for the evaluation of designed structure property relations. Converted power is compared among various samples and 2:2 composite structure design was found to outperform other configurations in term of electromechanical power conversion. Experimental tests produce an output power as high as 31mW at a force of 2.5kN and frequency of 10Hz. Further investigation into 2:2 composites was conducted to optimize electromechanical output power.
ISRN Materials Science, 2012
A comparative study of the traditional PZT ceramics and new single crystals is critical in selecting the best material and optimization of transducer design for applications such as conversion of ambient vibrations into useful electrical energy. However, due to material and fabrication costs and the need for rapid prototyping while optimizing transducer design, primary comparisons can be based on simulation. In this paper, the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element package was used to study the direct piezoelectric effect when an external load is applied at the free end of a piezoelectric composite beam. The primary output parameters such as electric potential and electric field were studied as a function of the input strain and stress. The modeling is presented for the relatively new single crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN32) and three different lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT-5A, PZT-5H, and PZT-4). Material performance was assessed by using a common geometry an...