The Effect of New Wings on Subsoiler Performance (original) (raw)
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Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2018
Equipping tines with the wings increases draft and soil loosening. Wing angles affect tine performance, soil aggregation and remained residue. In this research, conventional wing with no bent plus backward and forward bent wings with bend angles of 10 and 20° were attached to both a subsoiler and paraplow tine. The rake angle of all wings was 15°. The effects of tine and wing on draft, soil disturbance area, specific draft, remained residue, and mean weight diameter (MWD) were investigated in a clay loam soil at depth of 40 cm and speed of 1.6 km h−1. The effect of tine and wing plus interaction of them on all parameters was significant (p < 0.01) with the exception of remained residue. The bent winged tines required higher draft and caused higher disturbance area, lower specific draft, and lower MWD than the conventional tines and those without wing. The highest draft, disturbed area and remained residue plus the lowest specific draft and MWD were obtained when applying the 10° forward bent-winged tines. In present work, the paraplow equipped with forward bent wings with a bend angle of 10° was suggested as a suitable tool for deep soil loosening under a conservation tillage system.
The influence of wing position on subsoiler penetration and soil disturbance
Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1983
A field test was conducted on compact clay soil to investigate the influence of fore and aft subsoiler wing position on ease of penetration and subsequent performance at working depth when the leading subsoiler share was working above its critical depth. Trends were noted, but no actual significant differences in performance were found; thus it can be concluded that wing position has no significant effect on performance.
Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 2014
The objectives of this investigation were to investigate the effects of plowing depths (D) (35, 45, 55, and 65 cm), forward speeds (S) (0.341, 0.551 and 0.761 m sec-1) and outfitted subsoiler foot with wings on equipment performance for two subsoiler shanks arrangement (oblique and parallel) in silty clay loam soil. A significant (p<0.01) decrease in draft and specific resistance were observed for oblique shank arrangement compared with parallel shank arrangement. Furthermore, the draft and disturbed area increased significantly (p<0.01) with increasing operating depth, whereas specific resistance decreased significantly (p<0.01) with depth for the oblique and parallel shanks arrangement respectively. The values of draft, disturbed area and specific resistance of the oblique and parallel shanks arrangement tested were affected significantly (p<0.01) by adding wings to subsoiler feet. Forward speeds had a significant (p<0.01) effect on studded parameters. The optimal performance were found with the forward speed of 0.341 m sec-1 .
SUMMARY A subsoiler of single tine was designed and provided with two shallow tines fixed in front of it. The shallow tines lateral distance between them can be changed. The leg of the subsoiler was provided with foot and the foot was provided with wings at one stage of the experiments. The subsoiler was tested in silty clay soil using four operating depths 30, 40, 50 and 60cm. Three lateral distances were used between the shallow tines 40 , 50, and 60 cm. Wings were also used at one stage of the experiments. The subsoiler combinations are S, S+sh40, S+sh50 and S+sh60. The draft force of the subsoiler combinations increased as the operating depth increased. The increase was between 15.82 to 17.88kN for four subsoiler combinations when the operating depth increased from 30 to 60cm. The draft force requirement of each centimeter of depth on average is 0.560kN. Using shallow tines with subsoiler increased the draft force requirement and it increased with lateral distance between the shallow tines. The draft force requirement with shallow tines increased as the operating depth increased. The draft force requirement of each centimeter of shallow tines lateral distance for the shallow tines (30cm) is 0.062kN it increased to 0.091kN (91N=9.3kg). Providing the subsoiler with wings increased its draft requirement especially at greater depths. The highest draft requirement was recorded to deeper operating depth (60cm), wider lateral distance (60cm) and with wings on the foot of the subsoiler. Introduction The subsoiler is used in the heavy soils which their bulk densities are high as well as it is used where a hard pan exist in the soil [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. The high bulk density accomplished with low soil porosity which reduces the soil ability to infiltrate the water downward and that resulted in a salt accumulation in the soil profile which reduces the organism's activity. The hard pan existence is severely affecting the soil physical and chemical properties. It prevents the water movement downward and that some time lead to soil logging which stops all the soil biological activities. However, the subsoiler gives bad performance when unsuitable conditions available. These conditions include suitable moisture content (14-18%) and
Draft force requirements of a dual bent blade subsurface tillage implement
Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal, 2017
Decreasing draft force of tillage tools is always one of the important concepts in tillage operation. According to structure properties of bent leg, in this research, two upward and backward dual bent blade subsurface tools with two rake angles of 7.5 and 15 degree and two bend angles of 10 and 20 degree were developed and draft force, soil disturbance area and specific draft were compared in two soil moisture content levels of 0.7 and 0.9 of plastic limit (PL). The effect of soil moisture content was not significant on any of the measured variables. The draft force of the subsurface tools was increased with increasing rake and bend angles of blade. The least mean of draft force was achieved in forward dual bent blade subsurface tool with bend angle of 10 degree and rake angle of 7.5 degree. The effect of rake angle and subsurface type were significant on soil disturbance area. The specific draft was increased with increasing bend angle. The forward dual bent blade subsurface...
Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020
The experiment was performed using locally manufactured subsoiler plow provided with wings on the outside of shallow tines feet to study the impact of adding the wings and depth of tillage on the disturbance area of soil, soil pulverization index (mean weight diameter, MWD) and the equivalent energy of soil pulverization (Eq EP) in clay soil. This experiment was done in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications having a factorial experiment. Three tillage depths (40, 50, and 60cm) with and without wings on the feet of shallow tines were used. The results showed that the impact of adding wings and tillage depths had a significant effect on the disturbance area, soil pulverization index and the equivalent energy of soil pulverization (p < 0.05). The treatment of adding wings on shallow tines (S+shw) has pre-eminence in studied factors. The disturbed area increased by 11.11, 14.29 and 9.80%, the MWD decreased by 27.33, 32.31 and 19.38% and the Eq EP increased by 43.19, 53.03 and 25.13% when the depth of tillage increased from 40, 50 and 60cm respectively.
Design and evaluation of ground-driven rotary subsoilers
Soil and Tillage Research, 2012
Soil compaction is the movement of soil particles closer together due to naturally occurring or machinery-induced forces (Pikul and Aase, 1999; Raper, 2003; Petersen et al., 2004). The soil becomes denser, pores become smaller and strength increases. Soil type has an important effect on compaction. Poorly graded soils, which are coarse grained and contain fines between 5 and 15%, tend to be more resistant to compaction. Well-graded soils have a mixture of large and small particles, and therefore, little void space, so they have little pore space for plant root expansion. Coastal Plain soils tend to be particularly susceptible to this problem due to their sandy topsoil and clay subsoil. At depths where the two soil layers contact one another, hardpans tend to form (Raper et al., 2005). This compacted layer restricts root growth, restricts water and air movement in the soil, and ultimately reduces yield (Petersen et al., 2004; Wells et al., 2005). Machine-induced compaction is directly affected by field machine weight, tire size, tire inflation pressure, and field traffic. While lighter axle loads may cause only surface compaction, heavier loads cause deep compaction. Compaction is influenced by various factors, including the number of wheel passes, soil type, soil moisture, tire size, and tire inflation pressure. Deep soil compaction is difficult to alleviate by tillage (Hamlett et al., 1990; Raper et al., 1994; Petersen et al., 2004; Wells et al., 2005). Subsoiling alleviates problems of excessive soil strength within soils, and results in improved conditions for crop growth. Thus, mechanical disturbance of subsoiling increases water holding capacity and reduces impedance to root penetration (Wells et al., 2005). Conventional subsoiling is the creation of 25-60 cm deep and 60-150 cm spaced channels, without inversion, using knifelike shanks that are pulled through the soil to create continuous
Development and performance evaluation of instrumented subsoilers in breaking soil hard-pan
Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 2018
Four instrumented subsoilers were developed for alleviation of compaction on agricultural land. Draughts and soil disturbance of the subsoilers were measured during operation at the outdoor soil bin. Straight shank subsoiler (SSS), Straight shank subsoiler at 37 o rake angle (SSS37), semi-parabolic subsoiler (SPS), parabolic 'C' shank subsoiler (CSS) and winged subsoiler (WSB) were designed and constructed for use by the tool carrier in loosening soil hard pan. Soil cone penetrometer (CP40II, 333 mm 3 , 60 o cone tip angle) and electronic moisture meter were used to take readings at various locations and depths on the soil bin before and after subsoiling. Soil samples were taken to laboratory for analysis for physico-chemical properties. Each of the shanks was hitched to the tool bar of the carrier. A 100 kN calibrated load cell was connected to the tool carrier via the drawbar of a 31.6 kW (MF 415) Massey Fergusson tractor. The load cell was connected to the data logger via instrumentation amplifier. Laptop computer system was connected to the data logger to download the draught data for each shank which was operated at four levels of depth-20, 30, 40 and 50 cm. Profilometer of dimension 80 by 75 cm height and width respectively was used to measure the area of soil disturbance by each subsoiler. Data collected were analyzed to establish relevant relationships between subsoiler draughts and tillage parameters in the form of correlation, regression models and graphs. Results showed that the best subsoiler in terms of draught reduction was parabolic C-shank subsoiler (CSS) with 4.581 kN, followed by semi-parabolic subsoiler (SPS) with draught of 4.905 kN at depth of 40 cm. At this working depth the SSS, WSB and SSS37 had draughts of 6.874, 7.003 and 7.385 kN respectively. Thus, WSB had the highest power requirement followed by straight shank subsoiler at 37 o rake angle (SSS37), both had 34.09 and 31.20 kW at 50 cm depth respectively. Thus at 20 cm depth of operation WSB and SSS37 subsoilers had 13.95 and 14.29 kW respectively. CSS had the lowest power requirement followed by SPS with 5.55 and 7.76 kW respectively. Straight shank subsoiler at 37 o rake angle, SSS37 showed the highest soil loosening ability at all the depths followed by WSB, SPS, SSS and CSS respectively. Thus, at 50 cm highest working depth SSS had 0.0451 m 2 followed by SPS with 0.0487 m 2 , while CSS, WSB and SSS37 had 0.0403, 0.0683 and 0.1061 m 2 respectively. Regression equations were established for the draught of each subsoiler. They all had R 2 of more than 99%. Draught of subsoilers had high positive correlation with depth, cone index (CI) and bulk density (BD), and negative correlation with soil moisture (MC) and porosity (PR).
College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, 2020
The experiment was performed using locally manufactured subsoiler plow provided with wings on the outside of shallow tines feet to study the impact of adding the wings and depth of tillage on the disturbance area of soil, soil pulverization index (mean weight diameter, MWD) and the equivalent energy of soil pulverization (Eq EP) in clay soil. This experiment was done in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications having a factorial experiment. Three tillage depths (40, 50, and 60cm) with and without wings on the feet of shallow tines were used. The results showed that the impact of adding wings and tillage depths had a significant effect on the disturbance area, soil pulverization index and the equivalent energy of soil pulverization (p < 0.05). The treatment of adding wings on shallow tines (S+shw) has pre-eminence in studied factors. The disturbed area increased by 11.11, 14.29 and 9.80%, the MWD decreased by 27.33, 32.31 and 19.38% and the Eq EP increased by 43.19, 53.03 and 25.13% when the depth of tillage increased from 40, 50 and 60cm respectively.
Forces and loosening characteristics of a new winged chisel plough
Research in Agricultural Engineering, 2021
This study was devoted to verifying the performance of various configurations of a winged chisel plough (WCP) in a soil bin. The performance of the new tool was assessed at three wing depths (5, 10 and 15 cm), three bend angles (10, 20 and 30 °), and three rake angles (7.5, 15 and 22.5 °) with three replications using a completely randomised design at a constant depth and speed of 30 cm and 1 m·s–1, respectively. The draught and vertical forces, soil disturbed and upheaved areas plus the efficiency of the soil loosening were measured during the tests. The results revealed that the draught and vertical forces were significantly increased by increasing the wing depth, bend and rake angles. The soil disturbance area increased with an increase in the wing depth, bend and rake angles. While the soil upheaving was decreased by increasing the wing depth and bend angle, the effect of the rake angle on the soil upheaving area was not significant. The maximum efficiency of the soil loosening ...