Psychological Status of Parents of Children Hospitalized forCOVID-19 in Bangladesh (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
Background: The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has cost a large number of lives and is causing substantial mental stress among people. We conducted a study to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and prevalence of anxiety and depression among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey using a preformed questionnaire adapted in Google form was conducted for data collection. The form was shared along with a brief introduction and rationale via Facebook, Twitter, Facebook Messenger, Viber, and What’s App. Formal ethical clearance was taken from the Biomedical Research Foundation, Bangladesh. Informed consent was ensured before participation.Results: Seventy-four patients with COVID-19 who had an average age of 42.59±14.43 years with male predominance (77%) were included. A total of 29.7% were doing health-care related jobs, and 14.9% lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Patients had a median income of BDT 30000. ...
Mental health of young people amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Heliyon, 2021
Background: The psychological burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and lockdown strategy among young people not diagnosed with COVID-19 in the general population remains unknown and often have been overlooked. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and stress among young people diagnosed with COVID-19 of Bangladesh amidst the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 1 May to 30 May 2020 using an online Google formbased questionnaire posted on Facebook. A snowball sampling approach was used for data collection. A total of 974 self-declared healthy individuals not diagnosed with COVID-19 participated here. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured using Bangla validated Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Statistical software SPSS 20 was used for analysis. Result: Average age of the population was 25.86 AE 6.26 (SD) years with nearly half (48.6%) of them being young people (15 to 24 years). Most of the participants were male (76.3%). The overall prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress was found to be 64.1%, 73.3% and 69.4%, respectively. Young people had significantly higher proportion of anxiety (67.2% vs 61.1%), and depression (78.2% vs 68.7%) compared to adults (p ¼ 0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, most of the participants had mild depression (30.3%), minimal anxiety (31.4%), and moderate stress (67.5%), and severity of depression and anxiety was higher in the young participants. The mean GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PSS scores were 7.57 AE 5.61, 9.19 AE 6.15 and 16.02 AE 5.55 (SD), respectively. On multivariable logistic analysis, unemployment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 3.642; Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.005-13.200; p < 0.05) was the single most important predictor of depression. For stress, unemployment (AOR 1.399; CI: 1.055-1.855), and female sex (AOR 1.638; CI: 1.158-2.317) were significant predictors. Conclusion: Anxiety, depression and stress were highly prevalent among young people (24 years) not diagnosed with COVID-19 in Bangladesh amidst the pandemic. Unemployment is the most common underlying determinant. Authorities should address the issue on a priority basis.
Depression and Anxiety in Mothers of Children Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection
Bagcilar Medical Bulletin
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection and the pandemic process have become crucial public health problems with devastating effects on the psychological, social, and economic aspects of society. This study aimed to examine the emotional state of the mothers of the children diagnosed with this disease, to investigate the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and to reveal the situations that might affect these due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a crucial source of stress. Method: We included mothers of 50 pediatric patients (under 18 years old) hospitalized for COVID-19 infection proven by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 polymerase chain reaction test, and mothers of 50 patients hospitalized with other diagnoses except for COVID-19. We evaluated mothers with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Results: We assessed the relationship between education level and anxiety/ depression in mothers of children diagnosed with COVID-19. A negative correlation was found between education level and HAD anxiety subscale (p=0.049, r=-0.280). The mean HAD anxiety score of mothers of COVID-19 positive children was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.001). The incidence of depression in the study population was almost equal, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.839). According to the total HAD scale score, the mean score of the mothers of the COVID-19 group had statistically significantly higher scores than the control group (p=0.043). Conclusion: Although two years have passed since the pandemic started, COVID-19 is still a source of anxiety and stress for parents. In addition, sociodemographic factors affecting the psychological health of parents may further increase this burden.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among COVID-19 survivors in Dhaka city
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health concern. Evidence shows that depression and anxiety are common among patients with COVID-19 after recovery. About one-third of the total COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh have been reported in Dhaka city. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated factors among COVID-19 survivors in Dhaka city.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 384 COVID-19 survivors aged 18 years or older. Data collection was done through face-to-face and telephone interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety.Results The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was 26.0% and 23.2%, respectively. Respondents aged ≥ 6...
Health Psychology Open
The COVID-19 pandemic can impose a profound impact on the mental health of hospitalised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, there have been no studies that explored the psychological distress of the COVID-19 inpatients in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and explore the associated factors among inpatients with COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 COVID-19 patients admitted to three isolation facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September to October 2020. Participants’ sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. Mental health symptoms were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to analyse the data. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 57.2% (95% CI: 48.2–65.2) and 52.2% (95% CI: 43.8–62.7), respectively. Presence of comorbidity (aOR: 5.64, 95% CI: ...
Factor Related to Anxiety Among Parents of Children Under Five Years of Age During COVID-19 Pandemic
Advances in social science, education and humanities research, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak emerged and caused a crisis in various sectors. Widespread local quarantine is done as an effort to stop the spread of the virus. This may be particularly difficult for parent who have children as a vulnerable group especially children under five years of age, because playing and interaction is necessity to achieve optimal growth and development. Therefore, Parents somewhat dealing with those adversity may experience psychological problem such as anxiety. This study aimed to determine factors related to parent anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study conducted among parent of children under five years of age during COVID-19 pandemic period. A total 92 participants Were involved in this study. This study assessed parent anxiety using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score Scale (HARS), social support using The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), history of COVID-19 in family, and socioeconomic status in family. The prevalence of parent anxiety, high perceived social support during COVID-19 pandemic, history of COVID-19 in family, was 67,4%, 37%, and 55,4%, respectively. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis showed that parent education (OR = 11,1; p = 0,032) and perceived social support (OR = 118,9; p = 0,000) was the higher risk factor of parent anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. Our finding showed high prevalence of anxiety among parents. Low perceived social support and parent with lower education are more likely to experience anxiety. Meanwhile perceived social support during local quarantine was in higher condition. This study suggests that psychological health among parents of children under five years old need to be concerned by multi-sector intervention such as health care provider, local government, and family involvement. Parents psychological health will affect children growth and development.
Depression, anxiety and stress among people infected with COVID-19 in Dhaka and Chittagong cities
Heliyon
Background: Covid-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus 2019. Many individuals have suffered or are experiencing psychological symptoms due to feelings of isolation, insecurity and instability triggered by Covid-19. This study aimed to explore the perceived psychological distress and associated factors among people infected with Covid-19 in Dhaka and Chittagong cities. Methods: Using the face-to-face interview method, a survey was conducted from 23 April to 22 May 2021 on a questionnaire on depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), socio-demographic, economic and health factors. Among those who had ever been infected with Covid-19, a total of 2092 respondents (1180 from Dhaka and 912 from Chittagong) were randomly selected and interviewed. χ 2 test for independence of attributes was employed to observe the association of various socioeconomic, cultural, demographic and health factors with psychological distress. Moreover, multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors that contributed to psychological distress. Results: Among participants from Dhaka, of three mental health conditions, the prevalence was higher for anxiety (80.0%), followed by stress (64.2%) and depression (59.8%), respectively. Anxiety was also more prevalent (57.3) among respondents in Chittagong, followed by depression (47.7%) and stress (39.5%). As the coexistence of symptoms, 52.8% of respondents in Dhaka, 34.4% in Chittagong experienced depression, anxiety and stress simultaneously. Moreover, in both Dhaka and Chittagong, all three psychological symptoms were strongly correlated in pairs. Multivariate analysis revealed that the most consistent factors associated with mild to moderate (MM), and severe to extremely severe (SES) depression were respondents from Chittagong who were illiterate or primary educated (OR ¼ 0.166, CI: 0.076-0.364 for MM and OR ¼ 0.041, CI: 0.013-0.131 for SES), male (OR ¼ 0.999, CI: 0.666-1.496 for MM and OR ¼ 0.395, CI: 0.249-0.625 for SES), single (OR ¼ 0.393, CI: 0.157-0.982 for MM and OR ¼ 0.121, CI: 0.049-0.303 for SES) and married (OR ¼ 0.403, CI: 0.177-0.916 for MM and OR ¼ 0.075, CI: 0.033-0.167 for SES), had a family of size 4 (OR ¼ 0.253, CI: 0.140-0.458 for MM and OR ¼ 0.114, CI: 0.059-0.218 for SES) and a family of size 5-6 (OR ¼ 0.151, CI: 0.084-0.272), and no family members at risk being infected with Covid-19 (OR ¼ 0.699, CI: 0.487-1.002 for MM and OR ¼ 0.332, CI: 0.199-0.522 for SES). The analysis yielded similar findings for the other two mental health subscales, such as anxiety and stress. For respondents in Dhaka, the effect of factors other than sex on psychological distress was the opposite in Chittagong. Overall, psychological distress during the outbreak was greater among respondents in Dhaka than in Chittagong if respondents were not classified based on various characteristics. Conclusion: This study showed that in both Dhaka and Chittagong, a substantially large portion of Covid-19infected respondents experienced all three psychological distress (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress). Regardless of the dissimilarity between the results in Dhaka and Chittagong, better mental health support was needed for women in both cities.
COVID-19: psychological effects on a COVID-19 quarantined population in Bangladesh
Heliyon
Background: It had been seven months since the first confirmed case (8 th March, 2020) of COVID-19 in Bangladesh and people have now got a more complete picture of the extent of the pandemic. Therefore, it is time to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on mental health. The current population-based study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and PTSD of the quarantined people in Bangladesh during COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A total of 5792 individuals comprised the population of this study. Subjects were respondents to an online questionnaire that was administered through social media. The questionnaire included questions on personal information, quarantine related knowledge, items of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Data were collected and analyzed by regression utilizing a using IBM SPSS-22 (Statistical Package for Social Science, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The most post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms had on the male (n ¼ 1392, 75.7%) who had institutional quarantine. The most depression symptoms were on the female (n ¼ 920, 72.8%) whose income was more than 75000 takas in Bangladeshi currency. 81.8% of respondents had PTSD and their scores 24 in the IES-R scale. On the other hand, the respondent's income was 40000-74999 takas in Bangladesh currency had more PTSD symptoms and the odd ratio 19.3 (95% CI: 12.5-27.3), adjusted odds ratio 22.9 (95% CI: 15.6-32.4), after adjusting all personal variables. 85.9% respondents scored 16 in the CES-D scale, meaning they were depressed. The respondents whose education level grade 10 were most depressed and the odd ratio of 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1-4.65), adjusted odds ratio of 13.19 (95% CI: 9.88-17.62) after adjusting all personal variables. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression and PTSD of the quarantined people higher than that of the affected group during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. If the administration and health care workers become conscious of such results, actions and policies can be taken to improve the consequential sufferings.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Children and Youth Services Review, 2020
COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant mental health threat among children in Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children during the lockdown in Bangladesh. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th April to 9th May 2020 among 384 parents having at least one child aged between 5-15 years using non-probability sampling. K-means clustering used to group children according to mental health score and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed to identify the relationship among the parental behavior and child mental health, and also these associations were assessed through chisquare test. Children were classified into four groups where 43% of child had subthreshold mental disturbances (mean Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)-10; 2.8), 30.5% had mild (mean MDD-10; 8.9), 19.3% suffered moderately (mean MDD-10; 15.9), and 7.2% of child suffered from severe disturbances (mean MDD-10; 25.2). The higher percentage of mental health disturbances of children with the higher education level of parents, relative infected by COVID-19 (yes), parents still need to go the workplace (yes), and parent's abnormal behavior but lower to their counterparts. This paper demonstrates large proportions of children are suffering from mental health disturbances in Bangladesh during the period of lockdown. Implementation of psychological intervention strategies and improvement in household financial conditions, literacy of parents, taking care of children, and job security may help in improving the psychological/mental status of children and the authors believe that the findings will be beneficial to accelerate the rate of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) linked to health status in Bangladesh.
Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal
Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak has become a challenging crisis for public health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the indefinite closure of educational institutions in Bangladesh has a severe impact on the mental health of students. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that might have considerable influence on the mental health of students during quarantine in Bangladesh though they did not explore in previous studies on mental health status during the pandemic. Methodology: A standardized questionnaire was generated using PH9 and GAD7 to measure depression and anxiety levels. A total of 203 responses were collected from university students of Bangladesh through social media. Results: Descriptive statistics found that 37% of the students experienced moderate to severe anxiety while 54% faced moderate to severe depression. Ordinal Logistic Regression analysis found that anxiety is significantly related to gender, students’ current affiliation status in univ...