Removal of hazardous heavy metals from aqueous environment by low-cost adsorption materials (original) (raw)
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An Overview of Adsorption Technique for Heavy Metal Removal from Water/Wastewater: A Critical Review
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Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Adsorption
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Adsorption processes are extensively used in wastewater treatment for heavy metal removal. The most widely used adsorbent is activated carbon giving the best of results but it’s high cost limits its use. It has a high cost of production and regeneration. As the world today faces a shortage of freshwater resources, it is inevitable to look for alternatives that lessen the burden on existing resources. Also, heavy metals are toxic even in trace concentrations, so an environmentally safe method of their removal necessitated the requirement of low cost adsorbents. Adsorption is a cost-effective technique and gained recognition due to its minimum waste disposal advantage. This chapter focuses on the process of adsorption and the types of adsorbent available today. It also encompasses the low-cost adsorbents ranging from agricultural waste to industrial waste explaining the adsorption reaction condition. The cost-effectiveness, technical applicability and easy availability of raw material...
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Heavy metals are toxic and detrimental water pollutant. Their presence not only affects human beings but also animals and vegetation because of their mobility in aqueous ecosystem, toxicity and non-biodegradability. Removal of heavy metals from the effluent is one of the major research carried out by researchers in the field of environment. Although different methods such as Ion exchange, precipitation, evaporation, membrane filtration and adsorption are used for heavy metals removal, adsorption process has attracted attention of many researchers because of low cost, design flexibility, and high efficiency. The present review is focused on the heavy metals removal based on the performance of various adsorbents such as natural materials, industrial byproduct, agricultural and biological waste, biopolymers and hydrogels. The objective of this study is to contribute in the search for low cost adsorbents and investigate the parameters that influence the adsorption of heavy metals on adsorbents.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals-A Review
Many researchers have used coal fly ash; rice husk ash, nano material and conducting polymer-as adsorbents to remove water pollutants including Cr, Pb, Hg, Zn, Mn and Cu, heavy metal. The main objective in this study to identify the nano materials used for heavy metal adsorption process effectively. The different parameters, pH, contact time etc. which affect the adsorption process. By reviewing this paper to find out the scope of conducting polymer based nanocomposite for heavy metal removal in aqueous system.
HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM THE WASTEWATER BY USING LOW COST ADSORBENT
—Heavy metal toxicity because of industrial waste has been a threat to the environment for the past several decades, particularly within the developing countries like India, China and Kingdom of Thailand wherever price effectiveness of the removal method may be a major factor. This industrialization has not only brought development and prosperity however eventually disturbed the system. One of the impacts is visible; in kind of pollution. Within the gift study heavy metal contamination of water bodies has been mentioned. Effluents from sizable amount of industries viz., electroplating, leather, tannery, textile, pigment & dyes, paint, wood process, crude purification, photographic material production etc., contains vital measure of heavy metals in their waste. The traditional strategies of treatment of heavy metal contamination includes chemical precipitation, chemical reaction, natural action, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro chemical analysis etc. These strategies square measure expensive, energy intensive and sometimes related to generation of hepatotoxicity byproducts. Thus, the adsorption has been investigated as a price effective technique of removal of serious metals from waste. In the present study numerous low cost adsorbent has been reviewed as an abatement of serious metal pollution from lignin, iron (III) hydroxide and red mud, low husks, feather palm waste, tea plant waste, sugar beet pulp, battery trade waste, ocean nodule residue and grape stalk wastes are explored for their practicableness to get rid of hepatotoxic heavy metals from contaminated water. These adsorbent includes materials of natural origin like zeolites, clay, sphagnum moss and polysaccharide square measure found to be an efficient agent for removal of toxic serious metals like lead, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Hg, Cr etc. aside from these numerous agricultural wastes like rice husk, neem bark, black gram, waste tea-coffee, walnut shell, coconut coir, coconut husk, bagasse etc. were also established as a potent adsorbent for heavy metal removal. Beside that low cost industrial by product like ash, blast furnace sludge, waste slurry. Keywords— Adsorption, Sources of heavy metals, Sources of heavy metals, Preparation of adsorbents. I. INTRODUCTION Water pollution caused because of addition of heavy metals ensuing from the commercial activities is increasing staggeringly and could be a matter of global concern. Mining, mineral dressing and metallurgic operations area unit generating effluents containing significant metals. The heavy metals gift within the waste matter is persistent and non-degradable in nature. Moreover, they are soluble in aquatic atmosphere and so will be simply absorbed by living cells. Thus, by getting into the organic phenomenon, they can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified in higher biological process levels conjointly. The heavy metals, if absorbed higher than the permissible labels, could lead on to serious health disorders. In lightweight of the facts, treatment of heavy metals containing industrial effluent becomes quite necessary before being discharged into the atmosphere. The scientists and environmental engineers area unit so facing a tricky task of cost effective treatment of waste matter containing heavy metals. The standard strategies for heavy metal removal from waste matter includes chemical precipitation, chemical reaction, activity, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electro chemical analysis etc. These strategies don't seem to be terribly effective are costly and need high energy input. They are related to generation of toxic sludge, disposal of that renders it costly and non-eco-friendly in nature. Within the recent past, range of approaches has been investigated for safe and economical treatment of heavy metal laden waste matter. Adsorption has emerged dead set be higher different treatment strategies. it's same to be effective and economical attributable to its comparatively low value. Authors have claimed sorption to be best, safest and most efficient strategies for the treatment of waste effluents containing heavy metals[1][2]. The key good thing about adsorption method for heavy metal removal is a smaller amount initial further as operation cost, elementary style and fewer demand of management systems[3]. Generally the heavy Metals are present within the effluent at low concentrations and adsorption is suitable even once the metal ions are present at concentrations as low as 1 mg/L. This makes sorption associate economical and favorable technology for heavy metal removal from effluent. The adsorbent is also of mineral, organic or biological origin. It might be zeolites, industrial byproducts, agricultural waste, biomass and chemical compound material. one in every of the standard adsorbent, activated carbon has been extensively utilized in several applications. However, the high cost effectiveness of activation processes limits its usage in wastewater treatment processes. This analysis activity aims toward causative within the explore for price effective or low cost adsorbents of natural origin and their relevance in recovery also as removal of heavy metals from the industrial effluent[4].
Adsorption of heavy metals from polluted water using low cost materials
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2019
In this study chitosan and activated carbon (AC) were used as low cost materials for heavy metals removal and they were characterized by SEM, FTIR and X-ray. In the case of batch experiment chitosan and AC give a good removal of Fe, Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions under the effects of sorbent dose, pH, contact time, temperature and initial metal concentration. For application of the removal effect of chitosan and AC on water samples collected from River Nile at Helwan, Hawamdia and El-Kanater El-Khiria cities in greater Cairo, the two sorbents showed excellent removal of the industrial wastewater. Our results show the order of removal of the investigated heavy metals for chitosan were Fe> Pb> Cu> Zn> Mn while for AC were Mn> Cu> Fe> Pb> Zn. So chitosan and AC can be used as a good absorbent materials cheap, effective and nontoxic for heavy metal removal.
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.8\_Aug2019/Abstract\_IJRR0066.html, 2019
The global growing of chemical and related industries using heavy metals containing materials as raw materials for production, generating hazardous wastes containing these toxic materials and discharging them into the environment have become an environmental issue and thing of concern. To minimize the health risks of these metals discharged into the environment, several technologies which include ion exchange, solidification/stabilization, electrokinetics, bio-remediation, chemical treatments, electrochemical treatments, coagulation/flocculation, Membrane-filtration and adsorption technologies have been developed by various scientists. These technologies have been applied successfully in industries for remediation of heavy metals contaminated wastes. This review paper presents an insight into these techniques that have been successfully applied for heavy metals remediation in both terrestrial and aquatic environments; their advantages and drawbacks.