Medicinal Plant Extracts as Green Insecticides and Eco-friendly Approach with Study to Reduce the Use of Insecticides for Controlling Culex pipiens larvae (original) (raw)
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Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2023
Being vector of West Nile Virus and falariasis the control of Culex quinquefasciatus is likely to be essential. Synthetic insecticide treatment is looking most effective for vectors mosquito control. However, these products are toxic to the environment and non-target organisms. Consequently, ecofriendly control of vectors mosquito is needed. In this regard botanical insecticide is looking more fruitful. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of methanolic extract and various fractions, including, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, chloroform, and aqueous fraction, obtained from methanolic extract of Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia scoparia, and Justicia adhatoda using separating funnel against larval, pupal, and adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to various concentrations (31.25-1000 ppm) of methanolic extract and its fractions for 24 hours of exposure period. For knock-down bioassay (filter paper ...
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2014
Mosquitoes are the most important medical insects in the entire world. Natural chemicals have many advantages over the conventional ones in case of mosquito control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the larvicidal and adulticidal bioactivity of some plant origin chemicals against Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The chemicals under investigation of Myristicin, Sage oil and Nutmeg oil were isolated and structurally elucidated using GC/MS, and 1H-NMR, spectra that compared with the authentic samples. Myristicin was the highest larvicidal bioactive compound with LC50 values 18.3 ppm against Cx. pipiens and Ae. aegypti, larvae after 24 h of treatment, respectively. The rest of the tested materials showed also high larvicidal and adulticidal activities that may be related to their volatile bioactive constituents. From the results of this study; its highly recommend the tested natural chemicals to be an alternative eco-friendly source for mosquito control chemicals.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Culex pipiens plays a crucial role in the transmission of many vector-borne pathogens infecting humans, livestock and affecting wildlife. The present study was conducted in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Bisha University, KSA, to evaluate the insecticidal activities of aqueous, ethanolic, and acetone extracts of each of nine selected wild plants, Calotropis procera, Withania somnifera, Citrullus colocynthis, Mentha longifolia, Datura innoxia, Ziziphus spina christi , Salvadora perssica, Aerva javanica, and Punica granatum against larvae of Cx. pipiens under controlled laboratory conditions (water temperature 28 ± 2 °C, 12:12 h photoperiod). After calculating the mortality percentages among treated larvae, LC 50 values could be arranged in an ascending order as follows: acetone extract < ethanolic extract < aqueous extract of C. procera , W. somnifera, C. colocynthis, M. longifolia, D. innoxia, and Z. spina-christi, respectively. On calculating the synergistic ratio (SR), it is found that the value of SR is greater than one in all tested extracts, except of Ziziphus spina which was lower than one. The SR of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera with Triton x100 (1.39) was higher than another one .
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, 2013
The effect of methanolic plant extracts from Solanum nigrum, Acokanthera spectabilis and Heliotropium aegyptiacum were investigated on the larval mortality and development of Culex pipiens L. Also, the effects of the LC 50 of the three plant extracts on the larval haemogram were studied. Plant extracts exhibited variable bioactivities. The greatest activity was observed for S. nigrum which showed LC 50 values of 130.8 ppm after 48 hr of exposure, respectively. Percentage of larval mortality was 67.5% in the treatment with extracts of S. nigrum and 66.5% in case of A. spectabilis at 500ppm. Egg hatchability was not significantly reduced in all S. nigrum concentrations. All concentrations of the plant extracts from S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum caused significant hindrance to the subsequent larval development and reduced both pupation and adult emergence. Drastic retardation of development was shown by S. nigrum extracts, where only 18.1% and 8.5% of the larval managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively, when reared in 100 ppm of the extract. However, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum were more effective at higher concentrations. Moreover, the effects of the LC 50 of tested plant extracts caused a reduction in the number of haemocytes and also markedly decreased the haemocytes surface areas. Application of such plant extracts to mosquito breeding site may have great practical importance in relation to non-synthetic chemical control of this serious disease vectors.
International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research, 2014
Six (6) plant species were screened for larvicidal potentials against the larvae of Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. The plants included Hyptis lanceolata, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis spicigera, Lantana camara, Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale. Crude extracts were obtained in different solvents using Soxhlet extractor. Their larviciding activity was investigated by immersion and batches of 20 instar larvae were treated with 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000mg/l of the plant extracts after 96 hours exposure, for 5 days and in three replicates. Extracts that did not cause mortality at 62.5mg/l necessitate the use of higher concentrations (1500 and 2000 mg/l). Control treatment consists of 1ml acetone in distilled water. Results revealed that all the 6 plants exhibited varying larvicidal activity. L. camara showed highest percentage mortality (63.20%) at the least concentration of 62.5mg/l. This was followed by H. lanceolata, H. suaveolens (57.9%) and Z. officinale which caused 57.9% each at this same concentration. Determined L 50 and L 95 indicated L. camara (56.23 and 223.87mg/l) to be the most potent of the plant extracts. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in efficacy of concentrations and the various exposure periods. Recommendation was made for the inclusion of these plant extracts in an integrated pest control scheme.
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018
Culex mosquitoes are vectors of Lymphatic filariasis and control of these diseases using synthetic chemical insecticides such as Pyrethroids results in development of resistance by the mosquitoes and polluting the ecosystem. This research was aim at evaluating the adulticidal potent against Culex mosquitoes. The results of dichloromethane extracts shows that, Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha piperita and Ocimum citriodorum contained the highest number of phytochemicals four (4) each, followed by Lamium pupureum and Zingiber officinale having three (3) the last extracts having the least phytochemicals is Senna occidantalis which contains only two (2). The results of the adulticidal bioassay of the extracts shows that Cymbopogon citratus exhibited the highest adulticidal activities against the Culex mosquitoes tested at the LC percentage mortality was recorded highest at the highest concentration by 10mg/ml (74%) and 5mg/ml (43%). The mean average mortality and standard error were also recorded at 21.7±0.47, 18.5±3.01 and 10.7±1.37 respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that, the adulticidal activity of an ext Cymbopogon citratus extract was an excellent potentials for controlling Culex mosquitoes. Therefore we recommend that it should be used to control Culex mosquito in the affected areas.
Review on activity of medicinal plant extracts against mosquito genera Anopheles & Culex
Vector-borne diseases are spreading all across the world, which results in economic and social disturbances. Anopheles is a genera of mosquitoes that are responsible for the transmission of Malaria worldwide that causes millions of deaths every year. Culex is another genera of mosquitoes that transmits Japanese encephalitis, the annual death rate due to JE is 30,000-50,000. However different insecticides are used to control these vector borne diseases successfully such as: Carbamates, Organophosphates, Organochlorines, Pyrethroids Pyrroles and Phenyl pyrazole. Insecticides may be used as indoor sprays or as insecticides treated nets, all these are proved to be effective in eradication of mosquitoes, but these insecticides have some bad impacts as they harms environment, interact with non-targeted species, the major reason of the reduction in use of insecticides is the development of resistance in insects. Insects have altered their target site by alteration in special proteins due to which insecticides are not much harmful for insects. Alternative of these insecticides are plants based products used as larvicides, ovicides, adulticides or as repellents against mosquitoes. Different plant parts are extracted for their use as mosquito codes. Plant parts may be used directly through extraction, or essential oils may be extracted to repel mosquitoes. Essential oils are volatile and are effective as mosquito codes, they possess different fragrances that interact with the olfactory receptors of mosquitoes and repel them. Different plant essential oils are used for this purpose, as Neem oil extracted through seeds of Azadirachta indica used to repel 96-100% mosquitoes of Anopheles genus and 61-94% mosquitoes of Culex genus. Extracts of Garlic plant (Allium sativum) are used for killing of larva of Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Some other plants like Citrullus colocynthis, Ocimum basilicum, Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Khaya senegalensis, Ficus benghalensis, Mentha piperita etc. are some plants used successfully for elimination of mosquitoes in a natural way.
Plant extracts as a source of bio-insecticide for mosquito control, review
2019
Mosquitoes are the vectors of the major infectious diseases of Public Health concern such as Malaria, Dengue, Lymphatic filariasis, Yellow fever, Chikwungunya and Zika virus causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical Africa and the present practice of using synthetic chemical insecticides to control mosquito vectors have result in the development of serious resistance, persistent pollution and damaging the ecosystem. This work reviewed the adulticidal activities of some plants extracts and oils: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Spear mint (Mentha piperita), Lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum), Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis), Purple dead-nettle (Lamium purpurium), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaves extracted with different solvents and were established as effective bio-insecticide against different genus and species of mosquitoes which can be used as an alternative means of controlling the population of mosquito vectors that would be environmentally safe and s...
2020
The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the effect of median lethal concentration (LC50) of methanol, ethyl acetate, chlorobenzene and hexane extracts from leaves of Origanum syriacum, Pergularia tomentosa, Senna italica, and Otostegia fruticose against different biological aspects of the 3rd instar larvae of Culex pipiens. The effects were examined on the biochemical composition of the larval body and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Based on obtained results, hexane extract showedmore activity against 3rd instar larvae of C. pipiens followed by chlorobenzene, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract. Tested extracts caused a modification in biochemical composition. The LC50 of each treatment decreased the total carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents as compared with the control. Tested extracts also showed a neurotoxic activity as evidenced by the inhibition effect of the AChE activity that was significantly (P<0....