Assessment of the environmental status of the water object by hydrochemical indicators (original) (raw)

The Quality of the Water from the Aquatic Ecosystem, Carja, through the Biological Indexes

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 2016

The objective of this paper is to evaluate organic pollution in the basin growth cyprinids (Balta Mare) of farm Carja 1 Vaslui county, it was based on the two indices, namely algal genus pollution index and saprobes' index. Algae as a component of the aquatic ecosystem is an indicator of water quality, which is determined by the component species and of their diversity. Total 18 genera and 29 species have been indentified, among these 13 species belonged to Cholorophyceae, 5 species to Cyanophyceae, 5 species to Bacillariophyceae, 5 species Euglenophyceae and 1 species to Dinophyceae. Have also been analyzed and the main physic-chemical parameters as follows temperature, pH, oxygen and the other parameters (nutrients viz. nitrogen and phosphorous). The Values of physic-chemical parameters show that water belongs to class III of quality, according to Order 161/2006. Two biological indices, viz. algal genus pollution index and saprobes' index, were adopted to classify the water quality in the Balta Mare in comparison with the measured physicochemical water quality. The total score of Algal Genus Pollution Index of station CI, CII, CIII, CIV, CV, CA/E were 15, 15, 17, 8, 7 and 9 respectively. Water quality ecosystem investigated is assigned to the β mesosaprobic subarea, prevailing the β-mesosaprobic species, class III of quality and moderately polluted water.

WATER QUALITY INDEX: A TOOL FOR EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY

The current analysis deal by means of the Water Quality Index(WQI) assessment of Gostani Velpur stream, a tributary of river Godavari. Water quality index (WQI) exhibit the on the whole quality of water based resting on a number of water quality parameter. As part of the analysis, eleven parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity, Overall dissolved solids, Overall alkalinity, Overall hardness, calcium, magnesium, Chlorides, Nitrates, dissolved oxygen as well as biological oxygen demand were analysed as well as were used to determine WQI. Brown WQI method was used to find overall WQI. The results obtained on WQI and physicochemical parameters of water quality were found to be very high exceeding the permissible range indicating that water is unsuitable for drinking. It is recommended that constant monitoring is needed to maintain water quality of the water supplies along the source canal which is a major source used for intake in addition to domestic purpose.

Evaluation of Environmental Condition of “Gjanica” River Measuring Physico-Chemical Parameters

Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection), 2019

This paper aims to evaluate the environmental condition of the "Gjanica" river by analyzing different physiochemical parameters. Pollution has been present in this river since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization of the city of Fier, Albania. The main sources of surface water pollution in this country are wastewaters containing organic substances, soluble phosphorous and nitrogen compounds that favor the eutrophication process. A major pollutant of this river has as its source also the oil refinery that discharges untreated waters. Sampling was carried out at 5 points along the "Gjanica" river, points in which there are significant changes of allowed values of surface water parameters. Experiments carried out are: pH determination, Redox potential determination, Electrical conductivity determination, dissolved O 2 , BOD 5 , Alkalinity, Chlorides. The assessment of natural waters quality is determined on the physical-chemical parameters comparing with the allowed values in the EU Water Framework Directive.

An Introduction to water quality analysis

ESSENCE – International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation

Water is perhaps the most precious natural resource after air. Though the surface of the earth is mostly consists of water, only a small part of it is usable, which makes this resource limited. This precious and limited resource, therefore, must be used with care. As water is required for different purposes, the suitability of it must be checked before use. Also, sources of water must be monitored regularly to determine whether they are in sound health or not. Poor condition of water bodies are not only the indictor of environmental degradation, it is also a threat to the ecosystem. In industries, improper quality of water may cause hazards and severe economic loss. Thus, the quality of water is very important in both environmental and economic aspects. Thus, water quality analysis is essential for using it in any purpose. After years of research, water quality analysis is now consists of some standard protocols. There are guidelines for sampling, preservation and analysis of the samples. Here the standard chain of action is discussed briefly so that it may be useful to the analysts and researchers.

WATER QUALITY INDEX – AN INSTRUMENT FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Water quality status assessment can be defined as the evaluation of physical, chemical, biological state of the water in relation with the natural state, anthropogenic effects and future uses. Water quality index reduces the number of parameters used in monitoring water quality to a simple expression in order to facilitate interpretation of the data, allowing public access to water quality data. This study is a summary of an interdisciplinary research program on surface water quality monitoring carried out during the years 2011-2012 in the eastern part of Romania. Water quality index provides a single value expressing the average quality of water at a time, based on analytical values of physico-chemical parameters. For the water quality index calculation were used six physico-chemical parameters: pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), nitrate (NO 3) and phosphate (PO 4).

Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Water Quality Index

Water quality index (WQI) is valuable and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term that is helpful for the selection of appropriate treatment technique to meet the concerned issues. However, WQI depicts the composite influence of different water quality parameters and communicates water quality information to the public and legislative decision makers. In spite of absence of a globally accepted composite index of water quality, some countries have used and are using aggregated water quality data in the development of water quality indices. Attempts have been made to review the WQI criteria for the appropriateness of drinking water sources. Besides, the present article also highlights and draws attention towards the development of a new and globally accepted "Water Quality Index" in a simplified format, which may be used at large and could represent the reliable picture of water quality.

Application of Water Quality Index in Water Quality Assessment

Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regressions were applied on the surface water quality data with the aim of identifying the pollution sources and their contribution toward water quality variation. Surface water samples were collected from four different sampling points along Jakara River. Fifteen physico-chemical water quality parameters were selected for analysis: dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), pH, conductivity, salinity, temperature, nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH 3 ), turbidity, dissolved solids (DS), total solids (TS), nitrates (NO 3 ), chloride (Cl) and phosphates (PO 4 3-). PCA was used to investigate the origin of each water quality parameters and yielded five varimax factors with 83.1% total variance and in addition PCA identified five latent pollution sources namely: ionic, erosion, domestic, dilution effect and agricultural run-off. Multiple linear regressions identified the contribution of each variable with significant value (r 0.970, R 2 0.942, p < 0.01).

Water quality index calculated from biological, physical and chemical attributes

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014

To ensure a safe drinking water supply, it is necessary to protect water quality. To classify the suitability of the Orós Reservoir (Northeast of Brazil) water for human consumption, a Water Quality Index (WQI) was enhanced and refined through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Samples were collected bi-monthly at seven points (P1 -P7) from July 2009 to July 2011. Samples were analysed for 29 physicochemical attributes and 4 macroinvertebrate metrics associated with the macrophytes Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes. PCA allowed us to reduce the number of attributes from 33 to 12, and 85.32 % of the variance was explained in five dimensions (C1 -C5). Components C1 and C3 were related to water-soluble salts and reflect the weathering process, while C2 was related to surface runoff. C4 was associated with macroinvertebrate diversity, represented by ten pollutionresistant families. C5 was related to the nutrient phosphorus, an indicator of the degree of eutrophication. The mean values for the WQIs ranged from 49 to 65 (rated as fair), indicating that water can be used for human consumption after treatment. The lowest values for the WQI were recorded at the entry points to the reservoir (P3, P1, P5, and P4), while the best WQIs were recorded at the exit points (P6 and P7), highlighting the reservoir's purification ability. The proposed WQI adequately expressed water quality, and can be used for monitoring surface water quality.