Transmission System Planning for Integration of Renewable Electricity Generation Units (original) (raw)
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Clean Technologies
This paper presents a statistical steady-state stability analysis for transmission system planning studies in order to identify operational issues inherent in the integration of offshore wind power plants. It includes normal and contingency operation. This study considers the integration of a 1000-MW offshore wind power plant into the FirstEnergy/PJM service territory in the U.S. Great Lakes region as a case study and uses a realistic computer model of the U.S. Eastern Interconnection, a 63,000-bus test system. The results show the utility of this statistical analysis tool and its effectiveness in identification of the operational impacts as a result of the integration of offshore wind power plant.
Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2021
In this paper, we address the long-term generation and transmission expansion planning for power systems of regions with very high solar irradiation. We target the power systems that currently rely mainly on thermal generators and that aim to adopt high shares of renewable sources. We propose a stochastic programming model with expansion alternatives including transmission lines, solar power plants (photovoltaic and concentrated solar), wind farms, energy storage, and flexible combined cycle gas turbines. The model represents the longterm uncertainty to characterize the demand growth, and the short-term uncertainty to characterize daily solar, wind, and demand patterns. We use the Saudi Arabian power system to illustrate the functioning of the proposed model for several cases with different renewable integration targets. The results show that a strong dependence on solar power for high shares of renewable sources requires high generation capacity and storage to meet the night demand. Index Terms-Generation and transmission expansion planning, uncertainty, solar power, wind power. Sending-end node of transmission line l Time period Wind unit Storage units located at node n Demands located at node n CCGTs located at node n Prospective transmission lines Solar units located at node n Wind units located at node n Reference nodes Weight of day o Probability of scenario δ Energy efficiency of storage unit b The minimum power output coefficient of CCGT j Per unit factor regarding average renewable energy Per unit factor regarding renewable energy per scenario Per unit factor regarding renewable power Susceptance of transmission line l Load-shedding cost of demand d Production cost of CCGT j Production cost of solar unit s Production cost of wind unit w The maximum energy capacity that can be built of storage unit b Capacity of transmission line l Solar capacity factor of solar unit s in scenario δ at hour t of day o Wind capacity factor of wind unit w in scenario δ at hour t of day o Annualized investment cost of storage unit b Investment budget for building gas, wind, solar, and storage units Annualized investment cost of CCGT j
Renewable Integration in Power Grids
Please send comments to inikol@cres.gr and stselep@cres.gr (Authors), and to Giorgio.Simbolotti@enea.it and Giancarlo Tosato (gct@etsap.org), Project Coordinators © IEA ETSAP -Technology Brief E15 -December 2013 -www.etsap.org
Probabilistic generation and transmission planning with renewable energy integration
2017 IEEE/IAS 53rd Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS), 2017
The large-scale integration of renewable energy to power grid is an important feature of future power system development, but renewable energy has strong fluctuation and high uncertainty, which will have a strong impact on power grid. In order to ensure the safe, efficient and reliable operation of power system, improve the acceptability of renewable energy in power grid planning, it is urgent to evaluate the adaptability of power grid structure to the strong fluctuation and uncertainty of renewable energy. Considering that the adaptability of power grid has a broad meaning and is difficult to quantify, this paper analyses the characteristics and actual operation state of the high-penetration renewable energy system and establishes an adaptability index series of power gird structure considering operation safety, efficiency and stability. Based on the adaptability indexes, a multi-objective transmission planning model is put forward. The improved chaotic crossover genetic algorithm and the nonlinear PCA method are used to solve the planning model. Finally, the simulation of Gaver-18 bus system demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the adaptability indexes and planning model.
Issues , Challenges , Causes , Impacts and Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources-Grid Integration
2014
The renewable energy sources have increased significantly due to environmental issues and fossil fuels elevated cost. Integration of renewable energy sources to utility grid depends on the scale of power generation. Large scale power generations are connected to transmission systems where as small scale distributed power generation is connected to distribution systems. There are certain challenges in the integration of both types of systems directly. Due to this, wind energy has gained a lot of investments from all over the world. However, due to the wind speed‘s uncertain behavior it is difficult to obtain good quality power, since wind speed fluctuations reflect on the voltage and active power output of the electric machine connected to the wind turbine. Solar penetration also changes the voltage profile and frequency response of the system and affects the transmission and distribution systems of utility grid. This paper presents a review in the issues, challenges, causes, impacts...
Technical challenges associated with the integration of wind power into power systems
Wind power is going through a very rapid development. It is among the fastest growing power sources in the world, the technology is being developed rapidly and wind power is supplying significant shares of the energy in large regions. The integration of wind power in the power system is now an issue in order to optimize the utilization of the resource and to continue the high rate of installation of wind generating capacity, which is necessary so as to achieve the goals of sustainability and security of supply. This paper presents the main technical challenges that are associated with the integration of wind power into power systems. These challenges include effects of wind power on the power system, the power system operating cost, power quality, power imbalances, power system dynamics, and impacts on transmission planning. The main conclusion is that wind power's impacts on system operating costs are small at low wind penetrations (about 5% or less). At higher wind penetrations, the impact will be higher, although current results suggest the impact remains moderate with penetrations approaching 20%. In addition, the paper presents the technology and expectations of wind forecasting as well as cases where wind power curtailment could arise. Future research directions for a better understanding of the factors influencing the increased integration of wind power into power systems are also provided. r
Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning for Renewable Energy Integration
2011
In recent years the expansion planning problem has become increasingly complex. As expansion planning (sometimes called composite or integrated resource planning) is a non-linear and nonconvex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows to solve the problem. The problem has also been split into generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) to improve computational tractability. Until recently these approximations have produced results that are straight-forward to combine and adapt to the more complex and complete problem. However, the power grid is evolving towards a state where the adaptations are no longer easy (e.g. large amounts of limited control, renewable generation, comparable generation and transmission construction costs) and necessitates new approaches. Recent work on deterministic Discrepancy Bounded Local Search (DBLS) has shown it to be quite effective in addressing the TNEP....
Integration of distributed renewable energy systems into the smart grid
Electric Renewable Energy Systems, 2016
This paper studies congestion in the Israeli transmission network due to integration of renewable energy sources, and suggests policies to address this problem. We show through an extensive set of simulations that several key lines are overloaded and therefore energy sources cannot be added without risking the system's reliability. Moreover, additional renewable energy may be added by reducing production in conventional power plants at hours of peak solar power production. We also compare three scenarios of location and size of new solar plants, and show that the optimal distribution of these plants may reduce transmission line loads by several tens of percent. Lastly, this study demonstrates that line loads in areas with a high share of distributed renewable energy sources are not necessarily maximal during peak demand. As a consequence, the − 1 and − 2 contingency planning criteria should be updated accordingly. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for overcoming these problems, in order to promote integration of renewable energy sources in Israel.