Infrastructure, Tariff and Legal Action: How to Achieve a Climate-Friendly Transport System (original) (raw)

Transportation absorbs about 70% of oil consumption in EU countries. The burned fuels by the field of transport are composed by 96% of oil. Energy efficiency of road and air traffic has also to be improved. But across Europe transport environmental impacts reductions should be made necessarily through a transfer of traffic from the car, lorries and aircraft to train, ship, and non motorized two-wheelers. Indeed the former are the largest producers of greenhouse gases, while the latter are more environmentally and climate friendly means of transport. An ecologic goal on the environment must be set, reaching an annual increase of 1% of modal split in favour of more sustainable means of transport. Legal, infrastructure and tariff measures have to be proposed, in addition to technical measures (reduction of traffic, growth of vehicles' energy efficiency, reduction of travelled distances, improved logistics, etc.). While legal measures refer to possible law limits in terms on fuel consumption and CO 2 Keywords emissions due to European traffic, infrastructure measures can be distinguished on the basis of the concerned territory. On the one hand there is the city, where it seems appropriate that we move using more secure and environmentally friendly intermodal chains. On the other hand fundamentally there are the suburbs, where investments in new transport infrastructures may be contradictory in terms of climate protection. Tariff measures express the already established concept of "who produces pollution, he pays". So the external costs generated by different modes of transport have to be progressively turned over to users. Energy consumption, environmental impacts, sustainable transport, environmental protection measures, clean and bio-fuels, road pricing, infrastructural and regulatory measures. * Corresponding author **** Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. † † † † Source: [12]. § § § § In Italy mobility management is applied by the professional figure of "mobility manager", prescribed by the Ministry Decree on "Sustainable mobility in urban areas" of 1998.