The Ethanolic Extract of Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Does Not Alter Reproductive Performance or Embryo-Fetal Development, nor Does It Cause Chromosomal Damage (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 2015
The limited data on the toxicity of medicinal plants leads us to continue researches to increase and / or improve the results available, in order to better appreciate the therapeutic doses to use. This study aimed at determining the biochemical and hematological profiles during the acute oral toxicity of ethanol extract of Gomphrena celosioides in rats. The acute oral toxicity was evaluated in rats according to the guideline n⁰ 423 of the OECD. Under this method, the starting dose is selected from these four, 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg / kg. The level chosen is the one for which we can expect to see mortality among treated animals. The absence of treatment-related mortality at the initial dose determines the next step. The animals were daily observed for 14 days after treatment. On the fifteenth day, the animals were killed and dissected. Their blood and organs (heart, kidneys and liver) were collected for biochemical and hematological analyzes. The results showed that the LD50 by oral ...
Introduction: Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul., known as Caneleiro presents anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiulcerogenic activities. Objective: to evaluate the effects of the ethanol extract from C. macrophyllum Tul. leaves on the reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats. Methods: for estrogenic activity assay were used 32 ovariectomized female rats (n= 8) treated for four days: I-NaCl 0.9 %, 10 mL/kg of body weight orally + corn oil 1 mL/kg intramuscular (IM); II-NaCl 0.9 % orally + estradiol 10 µg/kg bw IM; III-extract 500 mg/kg orally + corn oil IM and IV-extract orally + estradiol IM. The uteri were weighted. The estrous cycle evaluation was made using 12 female rats examined daily by vaginal smear, before, after and during the treatment (16 days) with extract (500 mg/kg). The each estrous cycle phase duration and the interval between the cycles were measured. For reproductive toxicity study were used 16 female rats (n= 8) that were treated orally during all gestational period with: NaCl 0.9 % 10 mL/kg and extract 500 mg/kg. The rats were anesthetized and laparotomized for uterus and fetus evaluation. Furthermore, the heart, liver and kidneys were collected and submitted to histopathological evaluation.
The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Cecropia glazioui Snethlage (Embauba) in the Rat Fetal Development
2011
The effect of aqueous extract of Cecropia glazioui Snethlage (Embauba) in the rat fetal development. This study was to complement previous assays on the physical and neurobehavioral development of rats resulted from oral administration of 1 g/kg/day Cecropia glazioui Snethlage (C. glazioui) aqueous extract (LD50 > 5 g•kg −1) in pregnant rats (peri-and post-natal studies). In the present study, the effect of 2.5 g/kg/week C. glazioui aqueous extract, administered to pregnant rats during 15 days, was verified in the rat offspring development. No acute or chronic toxicity (no effects on mortality or weight average daily gain) were observed. In addition, no effects on reproductive parameters (offspring vitality, placenta and fetus weight, number of corpora lutea on each ovary, pre-and post-implantation loss) and on offspring external morphology were found. We concluded that C. glazioui aqueous extract administered during pregnancy did not cause abnormalities in rat offspring.
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 2011
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which is used as a food additive but also has medicinal applications. This study investigated its effects on placental histomorphology and survival of mice neonates. Eighty Balb/C pregnant mice were randomly distributed into one control and three experimental groups (n=20). The control group received only distilled water, whereas experimental groups were administered intraperitoneally C. tinctorius extract at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/kg during the organogenesis period (6(th) to 16(th) day of gestation). On the 17(th) day of gestation, half of the animals were euthanized; their fetuses and placentas were removed and histomorphological study was performed. In the rest of the animals after parturition, the number of neonates was counted. Survival rates were periodically calculated for neonates within days 5, 15, 25, and 42 after birth. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that treatment with 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg C. tinctorius extract caused reduction in the trophoblastic giant cells ratio and increasing in the proportion of labyrinthine interhemal membrane (LIM). Moreover, the size of the labyrinthine zone per whole placenta, weight, diameter, and thickness of the placenta in the mice administered with 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg C. tinctorius extract became lower than those of controls (p<0.05). In addition, in the treated mice with 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg C. tinctorius extract, the number of neonate was drastically decreased on days 5, 15, 25, and 42 after birth. It is concluded that treatment with C. tinctorius extract in doses of 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg induces toxic changes in the placental structure so caution should be paid to popular consumption of this plant both as an alternative medicine and as a food additive.
Birth defects research, 2017
Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used in Brazilian folk medicine. Studies have established the botanical characterization, phytochemistry profile, and pharmacological potential of this species, including antibiotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its widespread use, no previous study has been conducted regarding its toxicological profile, especially during pregnancy. Thus, this study investigated the developmental toxicity of the dry leaf extract of the P. pseudocaryophyllus, (E)-methyl isoeugenol chemotype, in rats. First, the dry leaf extract was prepared by a spray-drying technique. Then, pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with dry extract at doses of 0, 2000, 2500, or 3000 mg/kg from gestational day 6 through 15 (organogenesis period). On gestational day 21, the rats underwent cesarean sections and the reproductive outcomes and biochemistry parameters related t...
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Aglaia loheri Blanco and Ardisia pyramidalis (Cav.) Pers are both endemic plant species with a variety of bioactive compounds, but remain largely untested for their toxicity, and their effects on maternal reproductive performance and fetal morphology. Inbred ICR mice were orally administered with 10 and 5 mg/ml concentrations for A. loheri, and 10 and 1 mg/ml concentrations for A. pyramidalis from the 8th to the 15th day of pregnancy. Dissection at 16 days post coitum (dpc) showed significant differences in maternal reproductive performance, as estimated by gestation index, % dead implants, % females with resorption, % resorption and % fetus with morphological abnormalities. For A. pyramidalis, the 1 mg/ml extract + vitamin A treatment reduced maternal reproductive performance most significantly, while, for A. loheri, treatment with 10 mg/ml extract, with or without vitamin A, as well as with 5 mg/ml extract only resulted to a 100% resorption. Additionally, maternal hepatotoxicity was observed in mice treated with A. pyramidalis, while significant weight losses among mice treated with higher doses of A. loheri + vitamin A suggests toxicity and synergism with vitamin A. These results suggest that caution must be taken when taking these extracts during pregnancy due to their possible toxicity and teratogenicity.
Antioxidant properties of Gomphrena globosa leaves extract
THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”
Free radical in the body has known to caused oxidative stress which implicated in pathophysiology. Free radical accumulation can be overcome by the abundance of antioxidants that can inhibit the oxidation reaction. The purpose of this study was to identify the bioactive compound and antioxidant activity of Gomphrena globosa leaf extract (GGLE) on kidney cells (Vero cells) as an excretory organ. Extraction was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol for 24h. TLC analysis was performed to determine the phytochemical content of GGLE. The antioxidant effect of GGLE was examined by free radical scavenging method using DPPH as the free radical and NO production assay using Griess reagent was also examined in the Vero cell. Cytotoxicity of GGLE on Vero cell was observed with WST-1 assay. The result showed that GGLE contains flavonoid, saponin and terpene compound. The IC50 value of antioxidant activities of GGLE was 100 ± 6.095 µg/mL. The WST-1 assay showed that GGLE was non-toxic for the Vero cells and may inhibit NO production of LPS-induced Vero cell. These inventions exhibit a correlation between the phytochemical content of G.globosa leaves and the value of reducing free radical which indicates ethanol extract of G. globosa leaves has antioxidant properties and may serve as natural antioxidants to prevent cellular damage induced by oxidative stress.
It has been reported that the water fruit extract of Calabash (Crescentia cujete) have many traditional claims for herbal medicine. However the safety of its use during pregnancy has not been fully investigated. The ethanolic fruit extract (25%, 75%, and 100%) was given to Sprague Dawley rats on days 6 to 19 of gestation, that is, organogenetic period. Maternal organ and fetal weight were recorded; the morphometric indices such as Crown-rump length (CRL), Forelimb length (FLL), Head-lip length (HdLL), and Hind-limb length (HLL) of the fetuses were carried out. The Control group had the heaviest fetal weight, followed by 75%, 25% and 100% concentration. The Control Group ranged from 3.5 to 6.3g (mean = 5.07 ± 0.86). The 75% concentration group ranged 3 to 5.2 g (mean = 3.89 ± 0.55). The 25% concentration group ranged from 2.6 to 4.9 g (mean = 3.78 ± 0.49). The 100% concentration group ranged from 3 to 4.3 g (mean = 3.53 ± 0.36). No remarkable abnormality in the external morphology of fetus was observed other than the significantly reduced fetal weight. Blood samples were also collected and were analyzed for complete blood profile (CBP): red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelet, hematocrit and hemoglobin. The blood count shows that the control group is within every expected range (with the exception of the 25% group in the WBC count, which exceeds the expected range of 5.0-10.0 x10^9/L). Continuous consumption of higher concentrations of the extract during gestation can alter the growth and development of the fetus and maternal organs and the maternal blood count. Utmost caution should be done by humans in using this extract during pregnancy.
Effects of aqueous crude extract ofEcheveria gibbifloraon mouse sperm function
Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2016
The present study evaluates the possible antifertility effect of aqueous crude extract (OBACE) of Echeveria gibbiflora, a plant that belongs to the crassulaceae family, used in traditional Mexican medicine as a vaginal post coital rinse to prevent pregnancy and shown to have an immobilization/agglutination effect on sperm of different mammal species. We evaluated the effect of OBACE on functional parameters of mouse sperm, such as viability, capacitation, and acrosome reaction. In addition, due to the high concentrations of calcium bis-(hydrogen-1-malate) hexahydrate [Ca (C 4 H 5 O 5) 2 •6H 2 O] present in this plant extract, we evaluated its effect on Ca 2+ influx in mouse sperm under capacitating conditions. Moreover, we determined the acute toxicity of OBACE and its in vivo effect in mouse sperm motility administering a single daily dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg during seven days, intraperitoneally. The sperm viability was not affected by the presence of different concentrations of OBACE, however, the capacitation and acrosome reaction suffered a significant decrease in a concentration-dependent manner, coinciding with the reduction of Ca 2+ influx. Furthermore, OBACE displayed an LD 50 of 3,784.42 mg/ kg and can be classified as a low toxic substance. Also, in vivo OBACE showed an inhibition of total and progressive motility on mouse sperm alongside a significant decrease of motility kinematic parameters and IVF rates. The results confirm the antifertility effect of this plant used in Mexican folk medicine. Further study on OBACE as a possible contraceptive treatment is warranted because of its activity and low in vivo toxicity.