Tea pests and pesticide problems and integrated management (original) (raw)
Related papers
2012
The study was aimed at obtaining information pertaining to the tea pest prevalence in some tea gardens of Tezpur sub-division of Sonitpur district of Assam with reference to the plant protection measures adopted in those gardens. For this study, a sampling survey of ten tea gardens of the district was carried out. The study shows that altogether six types of pests are found to affect tea plantations and 22 types of pest control agents are used for controlling different types of tea pests. Organochloriones, Pyrethroids, fungicides and pesticides of other categories are used by 100% gardens with application percentages of 4.55, 13.6, 13.6 and 27.3 respectively. Biopesticides and stickers are used by 80% gardens with application percentage of 9.09, Herbicides are used by 60% gardens with application percentage of 9.09, Microbials are used by 20% gardens with application percentage of 4.55 and Organophosphates are used by 10% gardens with application percentage of 9.09.
Traditional tea pest management practices adopted by small tea growers of Assam
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2017
The present study was an effort to gather Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) used for tea pest management prevalent among the small tea growers of different districts of Assam viz. Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sivasagar, Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagoan, Sonitpur and Lakhimpur. The information was collected on the basis of personal interview to each of the growers through a questionnaire. The procedures of such practices like materials, method/techniques were noted as per the interview schedule. The results reflected mosaic of ITKs appeared from the tea growers practices and many of them has been found effective by them and may serve as inputs for valid scientific investigation for large scale use in tea pest management. The ingredients used were available locally in abundance made from either plant or animal product. The tea growers were using those traditional practices to control pests like red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora) and looper caterpillar (Buzura suppresseria).
Insect Pests of Tea and Their Management
Annual Review of Entomology, 2009
Globally, 1031 species of arthropods are associated with the intensively managed tea Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze monoculture. All parts of the plant, leaf, stem, root, flower, and seed, are fed upon by at least one pest species, resulting in an 11%–55% loss in yield if left unchecked. There has been heavy use of organosynthetic pesticides since the 1950s to defend the plant against these pests, leading to rapid conversion of innocuous species into pests, development of resistance, and undesirable pesticide residues in made tea. As a result of importer and consumer concerns, pesticide residues have become a major problem for the tea industry. Integrated pest management (IPM) may help to overcome the overuse of pesticides and subsequent residues. We review the advances made in our understanding of the biology and ecology of major insect and mite pests of tea, host plant resistance, cultural practices, biocontrol measures, and need-based application of botanicals and safer pestici...
Integrated approaches in tea pest management for sustainable tea production
Tea is a popular beverage in the world, produced from the leaves of evergreen shrub Camellia sinensis L (O Kuntze). It is a perennial crop and grown as a monoculture on large contiguous areas. Tea plant is subjected to the attack of several pests such as insects, mites and nematodes. Tea mosquito bug, red spider mite, termite, nematode, thrips and looper caterpillar are the major pests of tea in Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the attack of these maladies. Tea crop protection is an essential component of tea husbandry to safeguard of the tea plants from the ravages of pests, diseases and other maladies. Extensive use of chemical pesticides began only a few decades ago with tremendous immediate economic gains but its abuses were not foreseen or ignored. As a consequence there arose the development of resistance to pesticides, pest resurgence and secondary pest outbreak as major problems. Critical studies on crop loss due to pests and establishment of economic threshold levels of major pest species are prerequisites for minimizing the use of pesticides. Many different tactics of IPM strategies including cultural practices, physical, mechanical and biological control agents, pest-resistant varieties and chemical pesticides are used in tea plantation. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer application, host plant resistance, manipulation or destruction of alternate hosts and selection of pest resistant/tolerant varieties and mechanical mechanisms like manual removal, heat treatments, light traps, use of bio-pesticides, bio-control agents and sex pheromone trap need to be given more importance in pest management programme in tea. Since pesticides will continue to play a vital role in pest management in tea, urgent investigations need to be taken up on the effect of pesticides on predators, and parasites active in the tea ecosystem, on pesticide residues in tea and also on the newer technologies of pesticide application. The various components of the IPM practices are discussed in this paper with a few specific examples, since the success stories with the use of IPM practices are numerous and increasing day by day. Thus the recent integrated approaches for tea pest management should help tea industry for successful long lasting plantations.
Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, is a perennial crop and grown as a monoculture on large contiguous areas. Tea plant is subjected to the attack of several notorious pests such as insects, mites, nematodes, diseases and weeds. Globally 1034 species of arthropods and 82 species of nematodes are associated with tea plants. Among them 25 species of insects, 4 species of mites and 10 species of nematodes are recorded from Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the attack of these pests and largely responsible for the declining productivity of tea. Extensive use of chemical pesticides began only a few decades ago with tremendous immediate economic gains but its abuses were not foreseen or ignored. As a consequence there arose the development of resistance to pesticides, pest resurgence and undesirable pesticide residue in the made tea as the major problems. Current trends in eco-friendly insect pest management practices emphasize the host plant resistance, preparation and application methods of new botanicals and microbial pesticide formulations, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques and sex pheromones technology. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer application, manipulation or destruction of alternate hosts and selection of pest resistant/tolerant varieties and mechanical mechanisms like manual removal, heat treatments, light traps, use of bio-pesticides, bio-control agents and sex pheromone trap need to be given more importance in pest management programme. A tentative IPM strategy for tea cultivation in Bangladesh has been proposed in this paper. Thus the proposed integrated pest management (IPM) strategy should help tea industry for successful long lasting plantations which will ensure consistent crop with much care but lesser cost.
4 Insect and Mite Pests of Tea and Their Management
Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is grown within the tropics and in diverse agro ecological conditions such as temperatures from -12ºC to 40ºC, annual rainfall from 938 to 6000 mm and relative humidity from 30 to 90%. It is grown on over 2.71 million ha in more than 34 countries (Hazarika et al. 2009). In India, tea is grown in Darjeeling, Assam and Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu), Meghalaya and in the adjacent plain areas of Dooars and Terai of West Bengal. Tea consisting of genetically diverse cultivars, and is a perennial mono-culture crop. It provides a relatively steady microclimate and food supply for insect and mite pests. Each tea growing country has its own distinctive insect and mite pests, diseases and weeds. However, several of them are common. Globally, 1031 species of arthropods are associated with tea mono-culture (Hazarika et al. 2009) and is attacked by nearly 250 insect species (Barthakur 2011). Tea plantations roughly resemble a "single species forest" and ins...
Tea, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, is a perennial crop and grown as a monoculture on large contiguous areas. Tea plant is subjected to the attack of several notorious pests such as insects, mites, nematodes, diseases and weeds. Globally 1034 species of arthropods and 82 species of nematodes are associated with tea plants. Among them 25 species of insects, 4 species of mites and 10 species of nematodes are recorded from Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the attack of these pests and largely responsible for the declining productivity of tea. Extensive use of chemical pesticides began only a few decades ago with tremendous immediate economic gains but its abuses were not foreseen or ignored. As a consequence there arose the development of resistance to pesticides, pest resurgence and undesirable pesticide residue in the made tea as the major problems. Current trends in eco-friendly insect pest management practices emphasize the host plant resistance, preparation and application methods of new botanicals and microbial pesticide formulations, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques and sex pheromones technology. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer application, manipulation or destruction of alternate hosts and selection of pest resistant/tolerant varieties and mechanical mechanisms like manual removal, heat treatments, light traps, use of bio-pesticides, bio-control agents and sex pheromone trap need to be given more importance in pest management programme. A tentative IPM strategy for tea cultivation in Bangladesh has been proposed in this paper. Thus the proposed integrated pest management (IPM) strategy should help tea industry for successful long lasting plantations which will ensure consistent crop with much care but lesser cost.
PEST AND DISEASES MANAGEMENT IN DARJEELING TEA
Tea is a perennial plantation crop grown under monoculture providing favourable conditions for a variety of pests. In Darjeeling tea plantation, pest and disease is prevalent like any other tea growing region. The concept of pest control has undergone a considerable change over the past few decades. Darjeeling tea estate accounts organic cultivation a greater dependence on the use of biopesticides has been carried out in recent years. This review attempts to provide them with a comprehensive account of most commonly prevalent pests and diseases and their control under the integrated approach.
Tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) is one of the most destructive pests of tea causing damage to tea plant resulting in significant loss of crop yield in Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the attack of this pest. It has been estimated that 80% of the affected tea plantations area resulting in crop loss to the tune of 10-50%. Currently, Helopeltis theivora has become the most serious threat for tea cultivation in Bangladesh because of its severe attack in almost all tea estates of Sylhet and Panchagarh. Although several approaches such as safe use of synthetic insecticides and bio control measures have been adopted for the management as well as eradication of tea insects especially H. theivora, but still it is a serious challenge to restore their contribution in domestic and overseas tea trade in future. Barrier spraying is very effective for the control of Helopeltis. Spraying should be done at early in the morning or late in the afternoon for better result. Extensive use of chemical pesticides began only a few decades ago with tremendous immediate economic gains but its abuses were not foreseen but ignored. As a consequence there arose the development of resistance to pesticides, pest resurgence and secondary pest outbreak as the major problems. Current trends in eco-friendly insect pest-management practices emphasize preparation and application methods of new botanical and microbial pesticide formulations, mass rearing techniques for biocontrol agents, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques in pest and vector management, and pheromones attractants and repellents. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer application, host plant resistance, manipulation or destruction of alternate hosts and selection of pest resistant/tolerant varieties and mechanical mechanisms like manual removal, light traps and sex pheromone trap need to be given more importance in pest management programme of Helopeltis in tea. As pesticides will continue to play a vital role in the pest management in tea, urgent investigations need to be taken up on the effect of pesticides on predators, and parasites active in the tea ecosystem, on pesticide residues in tea and also on the newer technologies of pesticide application.
Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal, 2014
This study was carried out in eight districts of Nepal to explore the pests, pesticides and other agro-chemicals used in high value crops viz. tea, coffee, honey and vegetables (tomato and brinjal). The study carried out districts for tea were Jhapa and Illam, whereas for vegetables Bara and Kavre. Similarly, honey was studied in Chitwan and Nawalparasi, whereas coffee in Gulmi and Lalitpur. The results revealed that different type of pests were found to be problematic in high value crops production. Loopers were the major pests in tea, borers in coffee, fruit fly in vegetables and mites in beekeeping. Different pesticides and some other agro-chemicals have been found to be used for pest management. Additionally, pesticide residues analysis for selected pesticides was carried out using GC-MS technique. The result of analysis showed that non of pesticides was found at the detection level of 0.7 parts per million. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10608 J. Food Sci. Technol....