Exploration of Noncovalent Interactions, Chemical Reactivity, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Piperidone Derivatives: A Concise Theoretical Approach (original) (raw)
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Chemistry Africa
The electrical properties (dipole moment, polarizability, and first hyperpolarizabilities) of anhydride derivatives are studied using theoretical chemistry methods. Several DFT XC functionals have been used while reliable atomic basis sets have been selected for their evaluations. The variations of (hyper)polarizabilities as a function of the anhydride structure are consistent among the different functionals, which facilitates the deduction of structure-property relationships. It has been observed that (1) The dipole moment of maleic anhydride (2) increases when adding a methyl group (3) and even more when fusing a phenyl ring to get phthalic anhydride (1), in good agreement with experiment. (2) The average polarizability is mostly driven by the molecular size while the polarizability anisotropy presents more subtle variations as a function of the compound. (3) For 1 and 2, the calculated polarizability tensor components are in close agreement with the experimental data. (4) To a good extend, the HRS first hyperpolarizabilities follow the same ordering as the polarizability anisotropy. (5) The EFISHG first hyperpolarizabilities exhibit a completely different ordering while its sign depends on the orientation of the CO double bonds. Finally, since the first hyperpolarizability values of these anhydride derivatives are of moderate amplitude, like those of amino acids, several design strategies have been discussed for achieving their enhancement.
2012
The infrared and Raman spectra of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-(2-chloro-benzyl)-benzaldehyde-imine (HMCBI) have been recorded and analyzed. Density functional calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were carried out to study the equilibrium geometries and vibrational spectra of HMCBI. The calculations revealed that the optimized geometry closely resembled the experimental XRD data. The calculated vibrational spectra were analyzed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED) of each vibrational mode, which allowed us to obtain a quantitative as well as qualitative interpretation of IR and Raman spectra. The 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule in the ground state were calculated by Gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. Information about size, shape, charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecules has been obtained by mapping electron density isosurface with electrostatic potential surface. Based on optimized ground state geometries, the NBO analysis has been done to study donor-acceptor (bond-antibond) interactions. The TD-DFT method has been used to calculate energies, oscillator strengths of electronic singlet-singlet transitions and the absorption wavelengths. Solvent effects were considered using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Good consistency is found between the calculated results and experimental data for the electronic absorption. The calculated first hyperpolarizability may be attractive for further studies on non-linear optical properties of materials.
The Journal of chemical physics, 2008
The donor/acceptor (D/A) substituted π-conjugated organic molecules possess extremely fast nonlinear optical (NLO) response time that is purely electronic in origin. This makes them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present study, we utilized four hybrid density functionals (B3LYP, B97-2, PBE0, BMK), Hartree–Fock, and second order Møller–Plesset correlation energy correction, truncated at second-order (MP2) methods with different basis sets to estimate molecular first hyperpolarizability (β) of D/A-substituted benzenes and stilbenes (D = OMe, OH, NMe2, NH2; A = NO2, CN). The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations are compared to those of MP2 method and to the experimental data. We addressed the following questions: (1) the accurate techniques to compare calculated results to each other and to experiment, (2) the choice of the basis set, (3) the effect of molecular planarity, and (4) the choice of the method. Comparison of the absolute values of hyperpolarizabilities obtained computationally and experimentally is complicated by the ambiguities in conventions and reference values used by different experimental groups. A much more tangible way is to compare the ratios of β’s for two (or more) given molecules of interest that were calculated at the same level of theory and measured at the same laboratory using the same conventions and reference values. Coincidentally, it is the relative hyperpolarizabilities rather than absolute ones that are of importance in the rational molecular design of effective NLO materials. This design includes prediction of the most promising candidates from particular homologous series, which are to be synthesized and used for further investigation. In order to accomplish this goal, semiquantitative level of accuracy is usually sufficient. Augmentation of the basis set with polarization and diffuse functions changes β by 20%; however, further extension of the basis set does not have significant effect. Thus, we recommend 6-31+G* basis set. We also show that the use of planar geometry constraints for the molecules, which can somewhat deviate from planarity in the gas phase, leads to sufficient accuracy (with an error less than 10%) of predicted values. For all the molecules studied, MP2 values are in better agreement with experiment, while DFT hybrid methods overestimate β values. BMK functional gives the best agreement with experiment, with systematic overestimation close to the factor of 1.4. We propose to use the scaled BMK results for prediction of molecular hyperpolarizability at semiquantitative level of accuracy.
The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of 2-Pyridone tautomers were studied based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Here we explore in the Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework the antiradical activity of 2-pyridone. Using the single charge transfer model electrodonating (ω-)and electro accepting (ω +) powers, a Donor Acceptor Map (DAM) was employed to classify them as good or bad antiradicals. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was investigated by Time Dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TDDFT calculations. Polarizability and the first order hyperpolarizability values have been computed theoretically.
Critical assessment of density functional theory for computing vibrational (hyper) polarizabilities
2012
Despite undisputed success of the density functional theory (DFT) in various branches of chemistry and physics, an application of the DFT for reliable predictions of nonlinear optical properties of molecules has been questioned a decade ago. As it was shown by Champagne, et al. [1, 2, 3] most conventional DFT schemes were unable to qualitatively predict the response of conjugated oligomers to a static electric field. Long-range corrected (LRC) functionals, like LC-BLYP or CAM-B3LYP, have been proposed to alleviate this deficiency. The reliability of LRC functionals for evaluating molecular (hyper)polarizabilities is studied for various groups of organic systems, with a special focus on vibrational corrections to the electric properties.
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2003
The geometries, relative energies, gas-phase static and dynamic dipole polarizabilities of the two most stable neutral forms and of the zwitterionic form of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids have been obtained by Density Functional and conventional ab initio Hatree-Fock theories using correlation consistent basis sets. Mean electronic polarizabilities (<α e >s) are encompassed in the 40-160 a.u. range and are little dependent on the amino acid framework conformation, structure and conformation. The relation between <α e > and the number of electrons in the molecule makes to classify the amino acids as one of the most polarizable family of compounds. Calculated <α e > values of the neutral forms linearly relate to the molecular volume and molecular hardness as well as, rather unexpectedly, with the experimental values in water solution, where amino acids are known to be in a zwitterionic form. Vibrational polarizabilities amount to 15-45 a.u.. They come essentially from the lowfrequency angular deformation modes of the -OH and -NH 2 groups.
Polarization-corrected electrostatic potentials of aromatic compounds
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993
The electrostatic potentials (EPS) corrected for polarization (TPS) of the aromatic compounds benzene, aniline, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol, benzamide, and N-phenylacetamide have been calculated at the ab initio SCF level within three basis sets: 6-31G**, MINI-1, and STO-3G. For chlorobenzene in its MINI-1-optimized geometry, the calculation was also performed within MINI-1**. By reference to 6-31G**, the MINI-1-computed EP is much more satisfactory than the STO-3G-computed EP, whereas the MINI-1 and STO-3G basis sets give very similar total potentials corrected for polarization (TPs). The MINI-1** basis set appears to be miscalibrated for computing EPs. It provides qualitative results that differ from those obtained with the 6-31G** basis set. The EP has a negative well above the middle of the benzene ring, while the TP exhibits a negative crown just above the benzene carbon atoms, where electrophilic attack takes place. The TP calculated for the interaction of nitrobenzene with a hydride ion instead of a proton allowed analyzation of the effects of polarization on the positive EP above the N-C bond.
Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), first order hyperpolarizability, NBO analysis, HOMO and LUMO analysis of 2,4-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylanthracene-9,10-dione by ab initio HF and density functional methods
This work presents the quantum chemical studies of the effects of substituents and solvents on the ground state molecular geometry, dipole moments, polarizabilities and frontier orbital energies of aniline (A), N-methylaniline (NMA), N-ethylaniline (NEA), N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) towards understanding their structure-property relationship. The ground state molecular geometry, dipole moments, polarizabilities and frontier orbital energies of A, NMA, NEA, DMA and DEA were computed by use of the ab initio restricted HF-DFT self-consistent field method (B3LYP) with 6-31G Ã basis set in vacuum, ethanol and tetrahydrofuran. The results of the B3LYP/6-31G Ã calculations revealed that these properties are enhanced upon successive substitution with size and number of alkyl groups at the amino group of the molecules, and as the dielectric constant of the solvents decrease. It was also found that for all the molecules, the enhanced ground state molecular geometry, dipole moments and polarizabilities upon substitution or solvent effect are associated with a decrease in the E HOMO À E LUMO (optical) gap. The lower optical gap, higher dipole moments and polarizabilities with increased size and planarity illustrates increased reactivity and ground state electro-optic (non-linear optical) activity of the molecules upon substitution, and as the dielectric constant of the solvents decreased. Of the studied molecules, DEA was found to exhibit the most electro-optic activity and reactivity.