Axial Flux Motor Design for Ventilation Fans Used in The Automotive Industry (original) (raw)
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Design of an axial flux PM motor using magnetic and thermal equivalent network
The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, 2013
This paper deals with the development of a new generation of electric motors (7.5-15 kW) for automotive powertrains. The target is a full electric direct drive vehicle, for the particular application to heavy quadricycles. An original axial flux PM structure is proposed due to the simplicity of its manufacturing. However it leads to a 3D structure, difficult to study. The paper deals with analytical models that can be used to achieve the analysis and the sizing of the motor. The electromagnetic behavior is modeled using a simple magnetic equivalent network and the thermal behavior is analyzed with a thermal network. Finally, the analytical results are compared to those experimentally obtained and it proves the interest of the proposed structure: the construction is simple and the performances are satisfying.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of air-cored axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with different types of coil configurations. Although coil factor is particularly more sensitive to coil band width and coil pitch in air-cored machines than conventional slotted machines, remarkably no comprehensive analytical equations exist. Here new formulae are derived to compare the coil factor of two common concentrated-coil stator winding types. Then respective coil factors for the winding types are used to determine the torque characteristics, and from that the optimized coil configurations. Three -dimensional (3D) FEA models are built to verify the analytical models. Furthermore, overlapping and wave windings are investigated and compared with the concentrated-coil types. Finally, a prototype machine is designed and built for experimental validations. The results show that the concentrated-coil type with constant coil-pitch is superior to all other coil types under study.
The Air Gap and Angle Optimization in the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor
Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 2011
In this study, the axial flux permanent magnet motor and the length range of the air gap between rotors was analyzed and the appropriate length obtained. NdFeB permanent magnets were used in this study. Permanent magnets can change the characteristics of the motor's torque. However, the distance between permanent magnets and the air gap will remain constant for each magnet. The impact of different magnet angles for the axial flux permanent magnet motor and other motor parameters was examined. To this aim, the different angles and torque values of the magnetic flux density were calculated using the finite element method of analysis with the help of Maxwell 3D software. Maximum torque was obtained with magnet angles of 21°, 26°, 31.4°, and 34.4°. Additionally, an important parameter for the axial flux permanent magnet motor in terms of the air gap flux was analyzed. Minimum flux change was obtained with a magnet angle of 26°. The magnetic flux of the magnet-to-air-gap is under 0.5...
Axial-Flux Synchronous Machines Compared with Different Stator Structures for use in working
In this study, three different stator topologies were investigated and compared utilizing 3D magnetic analysis, analytical calculations, and experimental studies. These stator structures are torus iron core: There have been far fewer studies based on slotless stator torus axial-flux permanent magnets (TAFPM-NS). Comparisons of simulated and measured values on prototype machines are also presented to validate the analyses. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac dotyczących bezżłobkowego torusa stojana maszyny synchronicznej z magnesami trwałymi o strumieniu osiowym (ang. torus axial-flux permanent machine -TAFPM-NS). Materiał przedstawia badania i porównanie trzech typów stojana, na podstawie analizy magnetycznej 3-D oraz fazy eksperymentalnej. (Porównanie struktur stojana maszyny synchroniczny o strumieniu osiowym) Keywords: Torus axial flux permanent magnet machines (TAFPM), finite element analysis (FEA), electric generators Słowa kluczowe: Maszyna z magnesami trwałymi o osiowym strumieniu torusa (TAFPM), Metoda Elementów Skończonych (MES), generatory energii
Design of axial flux PM motor for electric vehicle via a magnetic equivalent circuit
2012 First International Conference on Renewable Energies and Vehicular Technology, 2012
The TRAX project aims at developing a generation of electric motors (7.5 to 15 kW) for the automotive power trains. The vehicles covered are "all electric" without gearbox in the range of heavy quadricycle. The two objectives of this project are to: i) design an innovative axial flux permanent magnet motor (AFPMM) and industrially feasible in series, ii) use an analytical model (AM) based on reluctances networks (i.e., the magnetic equivalent circuit) in order to design an optimal electric motor. The electromagnetic design by AM has enabled us to achieve a first prototype of AFPMM. The analytical results are compared to those experimentally obtained. KEY WORDS -Axial Flux, Analytical Model, Design, Experimental Validations, Motor, Prototype.
Electromagnetic Design Characterization of a Dual Rotor Axial Flux Motor for Electric Aircraft
2021 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC)
This paper presents and evaluates a dual rotor axial flux permanent magnet motor for electric aircraft applications. Several features, including grain oriented electrical steel (GOES), magnet segmentation, and wires with rectangular cross-sections, are used to improve torque density and efficiency. Rather than simply optimizing the motor by itself, this paper evaluates the tradeoffs between motor performance and its interfaces with the drive, thermal management system (TMS), and mechanical structure. This information can be used along with similar analyses of the drive, TMS, and structure to select a design that achieves the system-level optimal performance. The paper uses finite element simulations to characterize tradeoffs between active mass, efficiency, fundamental frequency, power factor, axial forces on the rotors, and cooling surface area. Several designs exceed 95% efficiency at takeoff with less than 8 kg of active mass. While high pole counts, a large outer radius, and short stator teeth tend to optimize the magnetic performance at takeoff, this can reduce cruise efficiency, reduce the surface area through which the TMS can extract heat, increase the fundamental frequency the drive must supply, and increase the structural mass required to support the rotors. Additionally, designs with 20 °C cooler magnets were simulated to evaluate the impact of a more effective TMS, but the improvements in magnetic performance were relatively small.
2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2012
This paper deals with a part of the French project TRAX, whose aim is to develop a generation of direct drive electric motorization for "all electric" vehicles. The two objectives of this project are: i) to design an innovative axial flux permanent magnet motor (AFPMM) and industrially feasible in series, ii) to use an analytical model (AM) based on reluctances networks (i.e., a Magnetic Equivalent Circuit M.E.C.) in order to design an optimal electric motor. The magnetic leakage between the magnets is modelized and the analytical results are compared to those of 2D and 3D FEM models.
IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
For aerospace applications, power density is a major driving force in the design of electrified powertrains. At the forefront is the challenging design of electric motors with high efficiencies, torque, and power capabilities. Due to its high performance, the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Motor is expected to be one of the leading technologies to meet the demands of these industries. Finding the balance between the cooling system's effectiveness and subsequent parasitic losses is key to utilizing these performance benefits. Single stator double rotor topologies achieve the best torque density and lower stator losses, however are more challenging to cool as the stator is in the center of the motor. Single stator single rotor and double stator machines are less challenging to cool but typically have lower power density. Rotor air cooling is discussed including the effectiveness of blades, meshes, and vents which can be optimized to prevent demagnetization. Stator cooling is critical as many machines maximize current density C. Jenkins,
Axial Flux Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Sinusoidally Shaped Magnets
2001
A new permanent magnet design for axial flux interior permanent magnet (AFIPM) motor is described in this paper. Poleshoes are traditionally used to produce sinusoidal flux linkage and sinusoidal EMF especially in the case of radial flux synchronous machines. Poleshoes are not a practical solution in the case of axial flux PM machine. The use of poleshoes in the production of sinusoidal back EMF may be avoided by using new magnet shaping which produces sinusoidal EMF itself. The complex machine geometry of AFIPM machine with the proposed magnet shaping result that analytical and 2D Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations do not perform well enough. As a result, AFIPM synchronous motor with the proposed magnet shaping is studied after analytical and 2D FEM calculations by using 3D FEM model.