Dietary Inulin Lowers Plasma Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol and Alters Biliary Bile Acid Profile in Hamsters (original) (raw)
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Nutrition Research, 2000
Inulin is a complex carbohydrate that belongs to a class of compounds known as tiuctans. Inulin has been consumed in plant sources by mankind for centuries, and is most concentrated in chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, garlic, leek and onion It can be extracted f.?om purified concentrated sources such as chicory root, and used to enhance the technological and nutritional properties of foods. Inulin is thought to share many of the properties of soluble dietary fibers, such as the ability to lower blood lipids and stab&e blood glucose. Additionally, inulin has been shown to enhance the growth of bi6dobacteria and lactobacilli and enhance the gut environment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a commercially available inulin from chicory root (degree of polymerization (DP) ranging between 2 and 60, modal DP=9) in men with hypercholesterolemia on serum parameters and fecal composition
Foods
The present study examined the influence of inulin on fecal microbiota, cardiometabolic risk factors, eicosanoids, and oxidative stress in rats on a high-fat (HF) diet. Thirty-six male Wistar–Kyoto rats were divided into three dietary groups: standard diet, HF diet, and HF diet + Inulin diet. After 10 weeks, the HF + Inulin diet promoted high dominance of a few bacterial genera including Blautia and Olsenella in feces while reducing richness, diversity, and rarity compared to the HF diet. These changes in fecal microbiota were accompanied by an increased amount of propionic acid in feces. The HF + Inulin diet decreased cardiometabolic risk factors, decreased the amount of the eicosanoids 11(12)-EET and 15-HETrE in the liver, and decreased oxidative stress in blood compared to the HF diet. In conclusion, increasing consumption of inulin may be a useful nutritional strategy to protect against the onset of obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities by means of modulation of gut...
Livestock Science, 2017
Inulin-type prebiotics are known as health-promoting dietary components and still remain a promising alternative to replace antibiotics for improving performance of young animals. Recent studies have proven that dietary inulin may positively affect the liver transcriptomic profile. However, its effect on the hepatic proteome in growing pigs is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to gain insight into the effect of dietary supplementation with two inulin levels on the accumulation of the hepatic proteins and expression of selected genes. The experiment was carried out on a total of 24 castrated male piglets, which were assigned to three groups, fed from the 10th day of life an unsupplemented cereal-based diet or diets supplemented with 1% or 3% of native chicory inulin. Liver and blood samples were collected after 40 days of feeding and liver proteins were resolved using two-dimensional electrophoresis. To check whether modifications in accumulation of selected proteins were due to higher levels of mRNA and not due to decrease in protein degradation, real-time PCR was employed. Feeding diet with 3% of inulin induced significant down-accumulation of proteins involved in cytoskeleton organization and four isoforms of 14-3-3 protein and its mRNA. Both levels of inulin had also the potential to induce the expression of genes and accumulation of proteins directly or indirectly involved in controlling hepatic triglycerides level by increasing its lipolysis to fatty acid and glycerol. Dietary supplementation with inulin significantly increased liver cholesterol and TG concentration but decreased total plasma cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels, and additionally reduced fibrinogen concentration, especially at 3% dietary level. Inulin level did not affect plasma liver enzymes, albumin, total protein content and immunoglobulin G levels. In conclusion, 1% of inulin is not sufficient to exert its effects on changes in hepatic protein expression, whereas feeding diet with the 3% inulin addition down-regulates expression of proteins involved in organization of cytoskeleton in hepatocytes and affects lipid metabolism in the liver causing alterations in expression of specific proteins, greater accumulation of cholesterol and TG, and changes in lipid profile of blood plasma.
A Review: Role of Inulin in Animal Nutrition
Journal of Food Technology Research, 2019
Contribution/Originality: Present study has much contribution of inulin use in animal nutrition. Before that lot of studies available on inulin in human. In our study we focus on inulin use in animal diet. It is considered a functional plant-based ingredient that effectively boosts digestion and other processes. From this study scientists and nutritionists get idea to use inulin in livestock and other animal feed.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2002
Inulin and oligofructose, besides their effect on the gastro-intestinal tract, are also able to exert 'systemic' effect, namely by modifying the hepatic metabolism of lipids in several animal models. Feeding male Wistar rats on a carbohydrate-rich diet containing 10 % inulin or oligofructose significantly lowers serum triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid concentrations. A lower hepatic lipogenesis, through a coordinate reduction of the activity and mRNA of lipogenic enzymes is a key event in the reduction of very low-density lipoprotein-TAG secretion by oligofructose. Oligofructose is also able to counteract triglyceride metabolism disorder occurring through dietary manipulation in animals, and sometimes independently on lipogenesis modulation: oligofructose reduces post-prandial triglyceridemia by 50 % and avoids the increase in serum free cholesterol level occurring in rats fed a Western-type high fat diet. Oligofructose protects rats against liver TAG accumulation (steatosis) induced by fructose, or occurring in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. The protective effect of dietary inulin and oligofructose on steatosis in animals, would be interesting, if confirmed in humans, since steatosis is one of the most frequent liver disorders, occurring together with the plurimetabolic syndrome, in overweight people. The panel of putative mediators of the systemic effects of inulin and oligofructose consists in either modifications in glucose/insulin homeostasis, the end-products of their colonic fermentation (i.e. propionate) reaching the liver by the portal vein, incretins and/or the availability of other nutrients. The identification of the key mediators of the systemic effects of inulin and oligofructose is the key to identify target function(s) (or dysfunction(s)), and finally individuals who would take an advantage of increasing their dietary intake.
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018
The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) propionate, produced through fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, has been shown to alter hepatic metabolic processes that reduce lipid storage. We aimed to investigate the impact of raising colonic propionate production on hepatic steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eighteen adults were randomized to receive 20 g/d of an inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed to deliver propionate to the colon, or an inulin control for 42 days in a parallel design. The change in intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) following the supplementation period was not different between the groups (P = 0.082), however, IHCL significantly increased within the inulin-control group (20.9% ± 2.9% to 26.8% ± 3.9%; P = 0.012; n = 9), which was not observed within the IPE group (22.6% ± 6.9% to 23.5% ± 6.8%; P = 0.635; n = 9). The predominant SCFA from colonic fermentation of inulin is acetate, which, in a background of NAFLD and a hepat...
Nutrients
Postprandial hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in the context of obesity. Inulin is a non-digestible carbohydrate, known for its beneficial properties in metabolic disorders. We investigated the impact of inulin on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and on lipid metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Mice received a control or a western diet for 4 weeks and were further supplemented or not with inulin for 2 weeks (0.2 g/day per mouse). We performed a lipid tolerance test, measured mRNA expression of genes involved in postprandial lipid metabolism, assessed post-heparin plasma and muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and measured lipid accumulation in the enterocytes and fecal lipid excretion. Inulin supplementation in western diet-fed mice decreases postprandial serum triglycerides concentration, decreases the mRNA expression levels of Cd36 (fatty acid receptor involved in lipid uptake and sensing) and apolipoprotein C3 (Apoc3, inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) in the jejunum and increases fecal lipid excretion. In conclusion, inulin improves postprandial hypertriglyceridemia by targeting intestinal lipid metabolism. This work confirms the interest of using inulin supplementation in the management of dyslipidemia linked to obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
Colonic fermentation of inulin increases whole-body acetate turnover in dogs
The Journal of nutrition, 2005
Metabolism of acetate from colonic fermentation was investigated in dogs. Beagle dogs (n = 9) were fed a control diet for 17 d followed by a 3% inulin-enriched diet (from chicory) for 4 and 21 d. On 3 occasions, the dogs were administered simultaneously infusions of [1-(13)C]acetate i.v. and [1,2-(13)C(2)]acetate intrarectally. Peripheral acetate concentration and turnover did not change over time after consumption of an inulin-enriched diet for 4 d. After 21 d of consuming the inulin-enriched diet, the whole-body acetate turnover increased significantly by 31% from (mean +/- SEM) 15.6 +/- 2.2 to 20.4 +/- 2.9 micromol/(kg . min) without a change in concentration. The rate of colonic acetate production that reached the peripheral circulation was 4.8 +/- 1.8 micromol/(kg . min). However, no [1,2-(13)C(2)]acetate tracer was recovered in the peripheral circulation. The fraction of oxidized tracer was higher in the gut (64 +/- 3%) than in peripheral circulation (46 +/- 3%) in dogs fed an...
Effect of Inulin on Metabolic Changes Produced By Fructose Rich Diet
Life Science Journal
Aim of the work: The present study was designed to assess the effect of inulin on metabolic changes produced by fructose rich diet. Methods: 45 male albino rats were divided into three groups (each group consisted of 15 rats); first (control) group fed standard commercial chow with tap water for 3 weeks, second (Fructose rich diet, FRD) group fed fructose rich diet in the dose 1.74 g / 100 g body weight per day by nasogastric tube plus standard commercial chow with tap water for 3 weeks and third (inulin treated) group fed fructose rich diet in the same dose and inulin in the dose of 0.174 g / 100 g body weight plus standard commercial chow with tap water for 3 weeks. Results: In the FRD group, the high fructose diet produced significant increase in blood level of glucose, insulin, and in insulin resistance. Also, the same group showed significant increase in serum level of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and Low density lipoproteins (LDL) with significant decrease in High density lipoproteins (HDL) as compared to the control group. Inulin supplemented group showed significant decrease in blood levels of glucose, insulin and in insulin resistance. In addition, inulin supplementation caused significant elevation in the serum level of HDL with significant reduction in total cholesterol, TG and LDL serum levels as compared to FRD group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that inulin could play a role in the correction of the metabolic disturbances produced by high fructose diet by improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1995
The effects of hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) and cu-hyocholic acids (a-HCA), on cholesterol, bile acid and lipoprotein metabolism, were studied in hamsters. The animals were fed a low cholesterol control diet supplemented with 0.1% HDCA or (Y-HCA for 3 weeks. In both treated groups, the LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered and was associated with a global hypocholesterolemic effect. Moreover, hepatic cholesterol ester storage was reduced and HMGCoA reductase activity was respectively enhanced 13.5-times and 7.7-times in HDCA and (Y-HCA groups compared to controls. In contrast, cholesterol 7cy-hydroxylase activity and LDL-receptor activity and mass were not modified. In bile, the cholesterol saturation index was increased 5-fold (HDCA group) and 2-fold (a-HCA group) as a consequence of an enlarged proportion of biliary cholesterol. The two 6-hydroxylated bile acids induced an enhanced fecal excretion of neutral sterols (HDCA group: 11.6-times, cr-HCA group: 3.2-times versus controls) which was consistent with a 59% decrease in intestinal cholesterol absorption in the HDCA group. The major effects due to bile acid treatments were a decrease in LDL-cholesterol concentration, a strong stimulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and an excessive loss of cholesterol in feces. These perturbations might be the result of the enrichment of bile with hydrophilic bile acids, leading to a limited return of endogenous cholesterol from the intestine to the liver.