Malnutrition Survey among Children Aged One to Five Years in an Out-Patient Settiing (original) (raw)
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Nigerian Medical Journal, 2015
various initiatives and strategies that have been adopted to reduce the high prevalence of malnutrition in children. 3 Childhood malnutrition is of particular concern however in the developing countries because the highest contribution to the global burden in under five is from this region. 4 In the 1990s, it was estimated that 50% of all deaths globally in children younger than 5 years had malnutrition as an underlying condition, majority of this deaths occurred in the developing countries. This figure, even though has fallen in the most recent estimate to nearly 33%, is still unacceptably high. 5,6 It is estimated that, malnutrition contributes to about one-fifth of all disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) lost world wide for children younger than 5 years of age. 7 It is both an immediate and underlying cause of high under-five mortality. 8,9 In sub-Saharan Africa, malnutrition accounts for about 2% of deaths and 3% of disability adjusted life years in under five children. 5,10,11 Nigeria is one among the first 10 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of underweight,
Determinants of Malnutrition among Children Under Five Years in SOS Hospital, Mogadishu
Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2017
Malnutrition is defined as a lack of proper nutrition. The vast majority of the world‟s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 percent of the population are undernourished. It is prevalent in children particularly those in developing countries where one person out every four there is undernourished [1]. Mortality is related to the severity of the malnutrition [2]. In Somalia, child malnutrition remains a major health problem where the proportion of under-five children who were underweight in 2013 was 40% and 21% in rural and urban areas respectively [3]. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of malnutrition among children under five years in SOS Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study comprised of a cross-sectional hospital survey. The study population constituted children who were diagnosed as malnutrition cases at SOS Hospital in Mogadishu. The probability systematic random sampling technique was used and the sample size was constitute 384 ma...
Introduction: Malnutrition is still a serious Global Public Health Challenge, especially in South Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa. It is estimated to globally contribute to more than 33 percent of all child deaths (Bain et al., 2013). About 165 million children less than five years of age were affected with under nutrition globally, which accounted for 16 percent prevalence (Ohnson, 2010; UNICEF, 2016). Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the Prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among less than 5 years patients attending Paediatrics clinic at Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH) Kano State, Nigeria. This is as the result of the scanty information on the prevalence of the under 5 malnutrition in Kano State and its locally generalized factors associated with. Methodology: The study design was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional with participation of three hundred and sixty (360) under 5 years Paediatrics patients at MMSH, selected by convenient consecutive sampling method. Quantitative and Qualitative methods of data collection were used. Data were then coded and entered in to SPSS software for further analysis. Both bivariate and logistic Regression analysis was performed to determine the strength of associations between the respondent and the outcome variables using p-values and 95% CI. Results: Base on the study, 184(51.1%) are Male and 176(48.9%) female, the prevalence of stunting (height-forage Z score <-2), underweight (weight-forage Z score <-2) and wasting (weight-for-height Z score <-2) are 48.6%, 41.9% and 22.8% respectively. Maternal Occupation (X 2 = 36.623, P-value = 0.000), Paternal occupation (X 2 = 35.396, P-value = 0.000), Income (X 2 = 28.427, P-value = 0.000) and Decision on food items (X 2 = 0.161, P-value = 0.923) are all Socio economic factors associated with under nutrition. After Regression Analysis for the Socio economic factors, ₦19,001-₦59,000 ($53-$164) Income of parents was (AOR=1.920, CI=1.347-4.962, P-Value=0.046) and was the only the major predictors of Stunting with a statistical significance. Conclusion: The research shows the prevalence of malnutrition to be increasing which confirm a report by the UNICEF 2013 and FMoH 2015 that incriminates the North Western region of the country to have the prevalence of 54% stunted children followed by the North East 53%. It also indicates parents whose income is ₦19,001-₦59,000, associated with the prevalence of under 5 malnutrition at MMSH Kano State Nigeria. Recommendation: Looking at the increasing malnutrition prevalence incriminated by this research, The Federal Government should try to approve and implement the ₦56,800 minimal wages as requested by the NLC (Nigerian Labor Congress) upon looking at the parent's income level incrimination by this report. Campaign on health promotion issues, such as hand washing, breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding etc.
OAlib, 2023
Background: Malnutrition can be defined as a state of nutrition where the weight for age, height for age and weight for height indices are below-2 Z-score of the NCHS reference. It has posed a great economic burden to the developing world. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among preschool children in abakiliki in Ebonyi state of Nigeria. Methods: This is a cross-sectional studies that assess the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 1-5 years attending nursery and primary schools. Nutritional assessment was done using anthropometry and clinical examination. Results: A total of 616 children aged one to 5 years were enrolled into this study. Three hundred and sixty-seven (59.6%) were males while 249 (40.4%) were females. Sixty of the 616 children (9.7%) had acute malnutrition based on WHZ-score. Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) was present in 33 children (5.3%) while 27 (4.4%) had severe acute malnutrition. Conclusions: The prevalence of global and severe acute malnutrition using z-score is 9.7% and 4.4% respectively while that of stunting is 9.9% with a male preponderance.
Nutritional status of children in a well-child clinic in Lagos, Nigeria
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2018
The burden of malnutrition is evident around the world and more pronounced in developing countries affecting vulnerable groups such as infants, children under five years of age and pregnant women. This study assessed the nutritional status of infants and children aged 9-59 months who visited a well-child clinic at a teaching hospital in Lagos Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 207 children consecutively recruited at a well-child clinic in 2013. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Information collected includes the sociodemographic details of each child and caregiver. In addition, selected anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests comprising serum ferritin and total blood protein levels as well as dietary information for each child participant were obtained by trained data collectors. The sampled children were aged 9-59 months, with slightly over half (53.6%) being 12 months old and above. There were more female children and the number of Fathers 84.1%who had attained tertiary education was higher (84.1%) than that of mothers (76.3%). Serum protein and ferritin levels were less than the normal reference values in 1.8% and 26.2% of the children respectively, while the prevalence of underweight children was 4.9% and 8.1% of the children were overweight based on weight-forage z-scores. Results from the dietary survey showed that the children consumed fewer proteins than carbohydrates. Furthermore, only 18.8% and 12.6% of parents reported feeding their children fruits and vegetables. Significantly more mothers (97.5%) with tertiary education had children with normal weight for age (P<0.05). Despite the low prevalence of malnutrition among the sampled population, it was found that consumption of fruits and vegetables was low, yet these are major sources of vital micronutrients. Results indicated that the prevalence of malnutrition among the study group was generally low. Therefore, steps must be taken to ensure nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive intervention programs aimed at improving the nutritional status of children
BMC Nutrition, 2016
Background: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in developing countries including Tanzania, contributing up to 50 % of under-five mortality. East Africa region was among the three United Nations (UN) subregions with the highest prevalence of stunting in 2011. In resource limited countries, the available little resources in hospitals are likely to be used focusing the primary clinical problem that led to admission of children leaving moderate and mild malnutrion unattended. This work was conducted to determine the prevalence of under-nutrition and risk factors associated with severe malnutrition among undernourished children aged 6-60 months admitted to Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) paediatric wards. Method: This was a hospital-based cross sectional study where by 720 children were screened in order to determine their nutritional status. Data were collected through measurement of weight/length or height, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and interpretation was done using Z-score (mild malnutrition ≤1SD, moderate malnutrition ≤2SD and severe malnutrition ≤3SD). The socio-demographic data were obtained using a questionnaire that was completed by interviewing children's parents/caregiver. Results: Out of 720 screened children, 402 (55.8 %) were undernourished. Severe malnutrition was found in 178 (24.7 %) children and among these 97 (54.5 %) had marasmus. Risk factors associated with severe malnutrition were children with age less than 2 years, lack of vaccination, taking unbalanced diet, low maternal education and single parent, with p-value (<0.001, < 0.001, <0.001, 0.02, < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: This study show a high prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children and the majority was marasmic. The risk factors associated with severe malnutrition were described. We recommend improving the screening for undernutrition in all admitted patients so that proper management of this problem can be done concurrently with the primary clinical disease that led to admission.
Prevalence of malnutrition among under-fives in Okrika Town, Nigeria
IOSR Journals , 2019
Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries and an underlying factor in one-thir d of the 6.6 million global under-five deaths recorded in 2012. Malnutrition is still prevalent in Nigeria as, 35.8 % and 10% of Nigerian under-fives were stunted and wasted respectively in 2011. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among under-fives in Okrika Town in South-South region of Nigeria. It was a cross sectional descriptive study that obtained data on socio-demographics and nutritional history from the caregivers of 410 children selected by multistage random sampling. Their measured weights and heigh ts were used to calculate their WAZ, HAZ and WHZ anthropometric indices. Children with WAZ, HAZ and WH Z < -2SD were classified as underweight, stunted and wasted respectively and overweight if WHZ was > +2SD The 410 children were aged 0-59 months. Forty three (10.5%) were underweight, 56 (13.6%) stunted, 36 (8.8% ) wasted and 6 (1.5%) overweight. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of under weight, stunting and wasting among males and female under-fives, (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Stunting was the most prevalent and overweight least prevalent forms of malnutrition among under -fives in Okrika Town.
American Journal of Public Health Research, 2021
Childhood malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem, and it adversely affects the productivity of nations as well as creating economic and social challenges among vulnerable groups. It remains a major challenge to public health in developing countries and Cameroon is not an exception. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in children 0-5years and contributing factors in the Tole health area. A cross-sectional study was carried out in eight quarters in Tole including 301parent/ children. Data was collected through the administration of questionnaire to children's parents/caregivers to obtain socio-demographic and socioeconomic information. In addition, measurement of anthropometric indices such as weight, height, and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) were obtained. Data was entered into excel version 13 and analyzed using SPSS 22. Descriptive analysis was carried out to investigate the spread of scores. A chi square test was carried out to test for an association between sociodemographic/ socioeconomic characteristics and nutritional status of children. The Odds Ratio was used to measure the strength of association between potential predictive factors and nutritional status with significant levels measured at 95 % confidence interval (CI) and significant differences set at P<0.05. Interpretation was done using Z-scores (mild malnutrition≤1SD, moderate malnutrition≤2SD and severe malnutrition≤3SD). The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 36.5% with Stunting being the most common form of malnutrition (20.9%), underweight (8.6%) of the children and wasting (7%). Risk factors associated with malnutrition were age more than12 years (p= 0.030), lack of vaccination (p=0.028), poor feeding habits (p=0.041), household size (p=0.023). This study showed a high prevalence of malnutrition in the Tole health area among children below 5years.Nutrition education, especially to mothers and integration of activities in all health units and communities will go a long way to fight malnutrition.
European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 2019
Aims: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in under five children in selected health facilities in Egume, Dekina LGA, Kogi State. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with historic data that assessed the Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition of under-five children in selected health facilities in Egume Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State. Study Area: The study was conducted at General Hospital and St. Luke clinic in Egume, Dekina LGA, Kogi State. Methodology: The study focused on Mothers and their under five children who were treated as in- or out- patients at the General Hospital and St. luke clinic Egume within the past five years, Interview was conducted with the aid of a validated, questionnaire, after obtaining informed consent from mothers and ethical clearance from the Health Research Ethics Committee, Kogi State Ministry of Health. Data was obtained through reviews of available health records. ...