Modern flint mining landscapes and flint knapping evidence from the Kraków Gunflint Production Centre - What we know from LiDAR and field survey (p. 247-268) Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 74/1, Kraków 2022 (original) (raw)
Related papers
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2022
We know that on the Polish territories that belonged to Austrian and Russian Empires, from the second part of the 18 th till the 19 th centuries, gunflint workshops were operating. One of the workshop centres were situated in the Kraków region (southern Poland) and others were located in the regions of Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine, former Austrian monarchy) and Kremenets (Ukraine, former Russian monarchy). The number of workshops, the quantity of products and their export gave them significance on a European scale. We used several methods to preliminary investigate the area near Kraków using LiDAR and field verification. We analysis three modern flint mines in this region-Zelków, Karniowice and Mników which have preserved anthropogenic relief and well-preserved flint workshops on the surface. Flints obtained during field verification (studies included a sets of cores and technological blanks) were analyzed. Our efforts allowed us to attempt to recreate the chaîne opératoire for Polish gunflint workshops as well to determine differences between particular sites.
Traces of modern flint mining in Cracow center of gunflint production (p. 324) EAA 2017 Maastricht
Due to airborne laser scanning (ALS, LiDAR), the study of flint mines with anthropogenic mining relief has become easier. In recent years, the Institute of Archaeology at Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw has been investigating different flint mines in Poland using LiDAR. Along with Project ISOK, which provided free ALS data for Poland, we have been checking all presumed areas, searching for flint mines. In between them was the largest area of gunflints manufacturing known from Poland territory. It is located near Cracow in southern Poland and based on Jurassic flint.
Multas Per Gentes Et Multa Per Saecula. Amici Magistro Et Collegae Suo Ioanni Christopho Kozłowski Dedicant, Kraków, 2018
The lithic industry of the Baden cultural circle in western Lesser Poland is one of the least investigated issues as regards the chipped lithics of the Neolithic in this region of Poland. The last time this issue was comprehensively tackled was over thirty years ago (Kaczanowska 1982/1983; Balcer 1983). Although reconstructions of cultural relations in western Lesser Poland in the second half of the 4th millennium are ostensibly based on pottery studies, research of the Pre-Baden and Baden flint industries may review and enrich these reconstructions.
UISPP Commission on Flint Mining in Pre- and Protohistoric Times. 19-21 September 2019. Program - Abstracts - Field Guide, 2019
The forest growing in the northern part of Karniowice (commune Zabierzów, district Kraków) was the object of interest among researchers dealing with flint mining for a long time. Flint mines used for gunflint production were located on the north-eastern edge of the forest in XVIII and XIX century. The special relation of this region with flint extraction was confirmed in the ’90s during a field survey carried out in the Polish Archaeological Record Program (AZP). On the southern and eastern side of the forest numerous lithic scatters from different time periods were found. According to the method used in AZP program, these places were registered as two sites (AZP-100-55/94 and AZP-100-55/131) with a surface of 15 ha each. The next verification of the forest area was carried out in 2014 thanks to data obtained through LiDAR scanning. Except of the gunflint production site from Zelków, the topographic model of the surface allowed to distinguish the next flint mine in Karniowice, located on the mountain ridge stretching from the top of Góra Krzemionka to the north. Additionally, more detailed interpretation of this topographical model provided signes of mining that are different from the XVIII and XIX century exploitation. Similar traces are visible on other two sites but unfortunately, their structures are strongly damaged by modern plowing or lime quarries. Lithic materials from these sites suggest that flint was extracted there from early Neolithic (linear culture) to the Early Bronze Age. Although the research is still ongoing, we can assume that the Karniowice forest is one of the key regions when it comes to prehistoric flint mining in the south part of Polish Jura.
WIERZBICA “ZELE” (POLAND): THE BRONZE AGE FLINT MINE IN THE LIGHT OF NEW EXCAVATIONS
Wierzbica “Zele”, Radom district, in Central Poland, is an important flint mining site from the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The paper will present the latest studies. Excavations were carried out at the site in 1979-1988, 2012 and 2014, revealing 81 shafts, which were investigated in varying degrees. Over 8000 flint specimens from the “Zele” mine were classified according to a classification list. During the initial analysis, new categories of artefacts were distinguished, which had hitherto not been differentiated in the flint material from settlements and mining fields. Microscopic use-wear analysis was carried on selected artefacts from the mining field.
ANTHROPOLOGICA ET PRAEHISTORICA 128, 2017
Gunflints were a commodity indispensable for the modern military, playing a key role in the arsenals of all armies. The wars in the 17th-19th centuries increased the demand for weapons, and, consequently, for significant supplies of gunflints. To have their own source of the product was a strategic objective of all governments. Several flint workshops were located in the neighbourhoods of Cracow where flint was abundant. One of the largest and best preserved was the workshops in Zelków, a village that in the 19th century laid just on the border of Russia and Austria-Hungary. This paper discusses some issues of the mass production of gunflints in the modern era based on a case study of flint factories and the history of the Zelków workshop.
Praehistorische Zeitschrift, 2017
Zusammenfassung:Die Fundstelle Nieborowa – im zentral-östlichen Polen an der Grenze zu der Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Seenplatte und den Chełm Hügeln gelegen – wurde von Halina Mackiewicz (Institut für die Geschichte der Materiellen Kultur [seit 1992 Institut für Archäologie und Ethnologie der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften]) in den Jahren 1964–1977 untersucht. Auf einem Gebiet von über 3500 mDer Lagerplatz bestand aus vier Werkstätten – zwei planigraphisch abgegrenzte (A, B) und zwei auf Basis der zusammengefügten Elemente rekonstruierte Werkstätten (C, D). Alle Werkstätten wiesen einen Durchmesser von etwa 1 m auf, die Entfernung zwischen ihnen betrug zwischen 1 und 3 m. Übereinstimmende Beobachtungen wie die Verwendung gleicher Feuersteinmaterialien und die Anwendung identischer Techniken zur Kernbearbeitung erlauben die Annahme gleichzeitig arbeitender Werkstätten. Die Distribution der Artefakte, die Struktur der Zusammenlegungen, die Homogenität des Feuersteininventars und di...