Current Status and Future Prospects of Biocatalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents (original) (raw)

Hybrid of gas/liquid obtain under specific conditions of temperature and pressure (most popular is carbon dioxide). Tuning properties, strong and unusual solvation properties. Restricted range of molecule solubility, high cost. Biomass-derived solvents: such as EtOH, limonene, ethyl lactate, glycerol, or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Biorenewable, innocuous, and not very expensive. Low choice, restricted versatility and solvation properties. (P. Walden) 2003 (AP. Abbott) 2011 (R. Verpoorte) Organic solvents: such as acetone and ethyl acetate, or alkyl alcohols such as methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), and propanol. Large choice with several and different solubilization and extraction capacities. Accumulation in the atmosphere (low boiling points), flammability, high toxicity, limited-biodegradability, synthetic from fossil source, cost. Water Natural ressource, easy to obtain, low cost, safe. Restricted solvation properties, high reactivity. Mixing of at least two molecules in such proportions that they can lead to a liquidus temperature significantly lower than pure equivalents. BIOCATALYSIS AND SOLVENTS Solvents obtained by mixing ammonium/phosphonium salts with hydrogen-bond donors (HBD) in proportions such that, at the "eutectic point", the mixture behaves like a pure compound with a melting point lower than that of each pure component. Eutectic point Variable eutectic point depending on Salt ant HBD type and ratio Hydrogen-Bond Donor (HBD) Alcohols, Acids, Amines, Amides, Thiols… Ammonium (N +) or phosphonium (P+) salt Choline chloride, Betaine Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide Lower and unique melting point temperature