Early Detection and Population Monitoring of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Mixed-Fruit Orchard in Northern Greece (original) (raw)
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Journal of Economic Entomology, 2001
Population monitoring of the Mediterranean fruit ßy, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was studied in 1998 in a mixed-fruit orchard in northern Greece, using International Pheromone McPhail traps (IPMT) baited with the female targeted attractants ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine, and Jackson traps baited with the male speciÞc parapheromone trimedlure. Special emphasis was placed on detecting the low initial adult population resulting from surviving overwintering larvae as early as possible in the spring and early summer. Traps were suspended on various host trees, using trap grid densities of either 15 or 1.5 traps per hectare. The Þrst adults detected were females captured on 24 June in IPMT traps suspended on apricot trees, which are among the earliest maturing hosts in the area. From the end of July, the most effective trap was the IPMT trap placed on peaches, which followed apricots in the fruit ripening sequence. IPMT traps captured predominately females (Ϸ80% of the total captures) and by far outperformed Jackson traps in early detection (the Þrst males in Jackson traps were captured in August) as well as in total captures until mid-October. After mid-October, however, more ßies were captured in Jackson traps. Comparing the performance of two trap grid densities on apple trees (the common host in the two grids), we found that in the high-density trap grid the Þrst adults were detected 1 wk earlier than in the low-density trap grid. Our Þndings for this locality suggest that trap type and plant species on which traps are suspended are of key importance in early detection and population monitoring of C. capitata.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1999
Field trials were conducted in Greece, Honduras, Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey to compare captures of the Mediterranean fruit ßy, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), among several types of traps baited with female-targeted attractants. Most of the Þeld trials were conducted in Citrus orchards, although tests were also conducted in other C. capitata hosts. C. capitata population levels, as indicated by average (standard deviation) number of males captured in male-targeted trimedlure-baited Jackson traps, varied from 0.2 (0.10) to 54.4 (17.49) ßies per trap per day. Female-targeted trapping systems included: food-based synthetic lures of ammonium acetate and putrescine alone (2 component attractant) and in combination with trimethylamine (3 component attractant) tested in either wet traps (with water) or dry traps (with pesticide or sticky insert); Frutect traps baited with proprietary liquid protein bait; and McPhail-type traps baited with an aqueous solution of NuLure and borax, which is the standard female-targeted trapping system for C. capitata. Traps baited with the 3 component attractant captured equal or greater numbers of females than the McPhail-type traps baited with NuLure/borax solution and Frutect traps in 10 of the 11 tests conducted. In 3 of the trials with the lowest C. capitata population levels, traps baited with the 3 component attractant captured more ßies than the trimedlure-baited Jackson traps. Females accounted for 43Ð90% of the total capture in the female-targeted trapping systems. KEY WORDS Ceratitis capitata, trapping, synthetic attractant MOST OF THE earliest trapping systems for the Mediterranean fruit ßy, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and other pest fruit ßies relied on the use of baits made from proteins and fermenting sugar (Gurney 1925). Traps baited with these substances capture both females and males of a number of pest tephritid species. These baits are usually deployed in McPhail traps (Newell 1936), which are bell-shaped invaginated glass traps with a water reservoir, or other bucket-type traps (Cunningham 1989a). Numerous substances have been tested, and a corn protein hydrolyzate was found to be most effective for capture of C. capitata (Roessler 1989). Aqueous solutions of the corn hydrolyzate NuLure (Miller Chemical and Fertilizer, Hanover, PA) and sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) are currently used for female-targeted C. capitata detection and monitoring (Gilbert et al. 1984). Several compounds were found that are potent lures for male C. capitata (Cunningham 1989b). This culminated in the development of trimedlure, tert-butyl 4 (and 5)-chloro-2-methylcyclo-hexane-1-carboxylate (Beroza et al. 1961). Trimedlure-baited traps are used worldwide for detecting and monitoring populations of the C. capitata. The male-targeted trapping systems are often preferred because they are more C. capitata speciÞc and attract ßies over a greater distance (Delrio and Zü mreoglu 1983, White and Elson-Harris 1992). Trimedlure dispensers are typically mounted in Jackson traps (Harris et al. 1971), which are triangular cardboard traps that contain a sticky insert or are attached to yellow panels that are coated with sticky material (Cunningham 1989a). Male annihilation approaches via deployment of large numbers of male-attractant traps have not been successful for control of C. capitata when used without other control methods (Cunningham 1989a). The sterile insect technique is a control method used successfully for areawide population suppression (Gil-This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by USDA.
Agronomy, 2021
Mass trapping is an environmentally safe alternative to insecticide application for the Mediterranean fruit fly management. The selection of effective trap-attractant combinations for monitoring and mass trapping control remains challenging. The current study explored the attractiveness of trapping devices during spring (early season) and summer (late season) in field cage trials. Five trapping devices were assessed: (a) the commercially available Decis® trap, (b) Tephri trap baited with Biodelear, (c) Tephri trap baited with BioLure, (d) International Pheromone McPhail trap (IPMT) baited with Biodelear, and (e) IPMT baited with BioLure. On a test day, 100 adults (50 males and 50 females) were released in each field cage wherein traps were placed individually. Trap captures were recorded at hourly intervals from 10:30 am to 5:30 pm. Our results showed that Tephri traps baited either with BioLure or Biodelear captured the most adults under low temperatures. Efficacy of Tephri traps b...
Traps to capture fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016
The aim of this study was to determine trap efficiency on capturing fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. The research was conducted in greenhouse of the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraiba-CCA/UFPB, Areia-PB. The trap efficiency was evaluated by comparing three types (Delta, Pet and Circular Trap) with standard trap of McPhail type using liquid and semi-solid lures: Bio Anastrepha ® 5% and CeraTrap ®. Traps were equidistantly arranged in the experimental environment where eight releases of 300 adults of C. capitata, newly emerged, were carried out. The effectiveness of traps was evaluated according to the number of captured flies in the set period. Data were subjected to variance analyses and Tukey test. Standard trap of McPhail type and alternative trap of Pet type were the most efficient on capturing C. capitata in greenhouse environment. The alternative trap of Pet type can replace the standard one on C. capitata trapping.
The spatial distribution of medfly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults captured in the traps was analyzed in citrus orchards where mass trapping was applied to control the pest, with the objective of understanding how the method works, to determine the factors which influence it and to suggest changes which could improve its efficacy. A network of traps for mass trapping was established in 31 citrus orchards In Ibiza Island, from 2006 to 2008. The traps were of the tephri-trap type and baited with Tripack as attractant; they were uniformly distributed at a density of 50 per hectare following the standard recommendations. All traps of the mass trapping arrangement were sampled at intervals of 30 to 45 days by counting all flies captured on each trap. In all, 110 samplings, with a mean of 102 traps per sampling, were observed. Our results show that the establishment of the network of traps causes a barrier effect, with a gradual and rather constant reduction in medfly cap...
Plant Archevies, 2020
This study was conducted to evaluate the attractiveness of types, colors of traps traps and different attractants (Trimd, Femilure and Ceranock) to capture Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) during the growing season of 2017 in private orchard at Al-Jadiriya in Baghdad. Three traps were used in the study (Jackson trap, local trap and McPhail trap); the results showed there is no significant effect among the types of traps on capturing of the flies with average of 10.33, 10.56 and 10.74 male / trap / week .The color of the tarps greatly influenced the numbers of the flies capturing in different traps; the results showed that the yellow traps were highest in attracting and catching the flies of 12.16 male / trap / week followed by the white color reaching 11.75 male / trap / week, and the green color (9.68 male / trap / week), While the red traps had lowest captured insect (9.06 male / trap / week). The results showed that yellow and white colors proved highly effect to capture the males in the trap, while there is no significant effect of the green and red colors on the number of males caught in the trap. Regarding the attractants, Trimd lure was the most effect in the term of male captured with average of 15.33 males / trap / week, followed by Femilure and Ceranock (11.33 and 8.33 insects / trap / week, respectively), the all traps used in the experiment are yellow and white with sexual attractant Trimdlure was an affective method to predict C. capitata and estimate population.
Florida Entomologist, 2013
Field trials were conducted in south Florida to compare capture of wild Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), and sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Multilure traps, which are McPhail-type traps that use an aqueous solution to retain attracted flies, and Phase 4 traps, which are open-bottom dry traps that use a sticky insert to retain attracted flies. One study was conducted in a guava orchard and compared capture of A. suspensa in both trap types baited with ammonium acetate plus putrescine alone (two-component BioLure) or in combination with trimethylamine (three-component BioLure). A second study compared captures of A. suspensa and sterile male C. capitata in traps baited with three-component BioLure in an urban area near the end of the eradication program for a C. capitata outbreak. In both studies, captures were higher in the Multilure traps than the Phase 4 traps baited with the same lure, with catches ranging from 5:1 for sterile C. capitata, and ~10:1 to ~100:1 for wild A. suspensa. Large scale area-wide deployment of fruit fly detection traps is costly in both materials and in the time and effort required in routine servicing. Although a simpler and cheaper trap such as the Phase 4 trap would be a welcome relief to any large scale area-wide detection programs, it must perform effectively. This is the first report of tests of fruit fly capture in Phase 4 traps conducted under of south Florida conditions.
Environmental Entomology, 2001
The eastern cherry fruit ßy, Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew), and black cherry fruit ßy, R. fausta (Osten Sacken), are the most important insect pests of cherries Prunus spp. in the eastern and midwestern United States. In 1998, we studied the responses of cherry fruit ßy species using the recommended V-shaped Pherocon AM board. SigniÞcantly more R. cingulata ßies were caught on boards with aqueous solutions of ammonium baits compared with boards that had solid ammonium baits mixed into the Tangle-Trap. Captures of R. fausta ßies were low in 1998 and the weekly trapping data never exceeded a total of Þve adults. In 1999, several commercial traps were evaluated including the unbaited, three-dimensional Rebell trap and different types of ammonium baited spheres and boards including a 9-cm-diameter red sphere, a modiÞed version of the Ladd trap (L & S trap), and the Pherocon AM yellow board in the vertical and V-shaped orientations. There were signiÞcantly more R. fausta ßies caught on unbaited Rebell traps compared with any other commercial traps studied. Red sphere treatments (regardless of baiting system) consistently captured signiÞcantly fewer R. fausta ßies than any other treatment evaluated. For R. cingulata, total captures on unbaited Rebell traps were not signiÞcantly different from other commercial traps including the 9-cmdiameter red spheres baited with ammonium acetate mixed into the Tangle-Trap, L & S traps, and the baited Pherocon AM yellow boards deployed in a vertical orientation. The study demonstrated that the unbaited Rebell trap was the most effective and selective device evaluated for monitoring R. fausta and R. cingulata ßies. In addition, red sphere (9-cm-diameter) traps were found ineffective for use in R. fausta monitoring programs.