Effect of Lignocellulosic Substrate and Commercial Cellulase Loading on Reducing Sugar Concentration for Ethanol Production (original) (raw)
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Journal of Food Science and Engineering, 2015
Effect of commercial cellulose enzymes was investigated by batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 15.0% (w/v) solid. It was found that the best commercial cellulose enzyme was Cellic ® CTec comparing to Accellerase 1000 TM and Accelerase 1500 TM. The Cellic ® CTec gave the highest reducing sugar concentration and rice straw conversion. Moreover, when the hydrolysate obtained from hydrolysis using Cellic ® CTec was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5596, it would give the highest ethanol. In this study, the Cellic ® CTec was used for fed-batch prehydrolysis prior to ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) way at 20% (w/v) solid loading. It could produce 35.76 g/L or 4.6% (v/v) of ethanol concentration and 83.67 L/ton dry matter (DM) of yield.
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2013
Background: It is widely believed that reducing the lignocellulosic biomass particle size would improve the biomass digestibility by increasing the total surface area and eliminating mass and heat transfer limitation during hydrolysis reactions. However, past studies demonstrate that particle size influences biomass digestibility to a limited extent. Thus, this paper studies the effect of particle size (milled: 2 mm, 5 mm, cut: 2 cm and 5 cm) on rice straw conversion. Two different Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) pretreament conditions, AFEX C1 (low severity) and AFEX C2 (high severity) are used to pretreat the rice straw (named as AC1RS and AC2RS substrates respectively) at different particle size.
Comparison of alkaline pulping with steam explosion for glucose production from rice straw
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011
As their is an increase of global demand in oil, the production of bioethanol from renewable agricultural feedstocks is also on the rise. Ethanol can be produced from a number of renewable resources such as starches, sugars, or lignocellulosic materials. Lignocellulosic materials continue to be investigated as a source of fermentable sugars for biofuel (ethanol) production because of their high availability. The current research investigates the utilization of newspaper and a mixture with rice straw, banana plant waste and corn cob as a feedstock to produce a value-added product -fuel ethanol, where ethanol is nowadays an important product in the fuel market. A preliminary investigation was performed to assess the conversion of the cellulosic component of newspaper as well as their mixture with agricultural wastes to ethanol. Biomasses were first tested, then a laboratory experimental set-up was designed in order to perform the necessary conversions. Conversion of the cellulose to glucose was achieved by applying chemical pulping method as a pre-treatment method for the biomasses then followed by two processes, namely acid hydrolysis and enzyme hydrolysis. Sulfuric acid, 5%, was used in acid hydrolysis and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in enzyme hydrolysis. These experiments demonstrated that glucose concentration differs according to the type of the biomass and type of hydrolysis. Conversion of the glucose to ethanol during fermentation was accomplished by the action of yeasts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol production in the culture sample was monitored using gas chromatography. The results indicate that ethanol can be made from the above mentioned residues in a different yield.
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2016
Pure cellulose (Cellulose Powder Type C from Toyo Roshi, Tokyo) and newspaper were substrates. Newspaper was treated by a disc-type vibroenergy-mill (Disc Mill T-100, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Tokyo) for 6 min before use. Cellulose Powder Type C and newspaper were composed of 91% and 59% cellulose, 2.4% and 17% ADF (acid detergent fraction primarily containing hemicellulose), 2.3% and 11% lignin, 0.2% and 7.3% ash, and 4.3% and 6.2% moisture (assayed by the Goering and Van Soest method',), respectively. Cellulase Preparations Cellulases were prepared by growing T. reesei in a submerged culture. The medium contained 30 g/L cellulose (Avicel 105), 30 g/L glucose, 10 g/L corn steep liquor, 10 g/L (NH4)2S04, 6 g/L KH2P04, 3 g/L CaC12 2 H 2 0 , 2 mL/L Tween 80, 1 g/L MgSO,.
Fuel, 2013
Fast depletion of fossil fuels with high fluctuating market prices has made the hunt for alternate resources for the production of transportation fuels mandatory. Our approach is to utilize rice straw as feedstock for the production of alcoholic biofuels. In this paper, we have compared the effect of various pretreatment processes on rice straw, viz. physical (steam under pressure) and chemical (acid) and enzymatic treatments as a precursor to ABE fermentation for production of biobutanol. Glucose analysis was done by quantification of glucose content spectrophotometrically via Glucose assay kit. The rice straw hydrolyzate produced through pretreatment was allowed to undergo anaerobic fermentation, using C. acetobutylicum MTCC 481. The yield and productivity of ABE solvents (acetone, butanol and ethanol) was calculated using HPLC. The ABE yield produced using hydrolyzate obtained through enzyme assisted acid hydrolysis, viz. acetone: 0.11, butanol: 0.861, ethanol: 0.05, was found to be the best among all experiments.
Pilot scale study on steam explosion and mass balance for higher sugar recovery from rice straw
Bioresource technology, 2014
Pretreatment of rice straw on pilot scale steam explosion has been attempted to achieve maximum sugar recovery. Three different reaction media viz. water, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid (0.5%, w/w) were explored for pretreatment by varying operating temperature (160, 180 and 200°C) and reaction time (5 and 10min). Using water and 0.5% SA showed almost similar sugar recovery (∼87%) at 200 and 180°C respectively. However, detailed studies showed that the former caused higher production of oligomeric sugars (13.56g/L) than the later (3.34g/L). Monomeric sugar, followed the reverse trend (7.83 and 11.62g/L respectively). Higher oligomers have a pronounced effect in reducing enzymatic sugar yield as observed in case of water. Mass balance studies for water and SA assisted SE gave total saccharification yield as 81.8% and 77.1% respectively. However, techno-economical viability will have a trade-off between these advantages and disadvantages offered by the pretreatment medium.
Production of fermentable sugars from rice straw
Revista Cubana de Química, 2023
e-ISSN: 2224-5421 Purpose: to present a method to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass, hydrothermal treatment. Methods: It was used Teflon bomb, fed with rice straw and water, to extract reducing sugars by hydrothermal treatment. Conditions were analysed using design of experiment procedure and ANOVA. The hydrothermal conditions were 140 and 200 °C, 20 and 60 min and 62,5 and 71,42 g straw per kilogram of water. The straw was filtered, dried and submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis; the conditions were 24 and 72 h, solid/liquid ratio were 0,625 and 2,50 % w/v and enzyme loading 16,5 and 66 FPU · g-1. Results: It was observed best yields of Reducing Sugars when submitting the Teflon bomb to 200 °C temperature for 60 min and 62,5 g straw per kg of water (pressure of 15,5 atm). The conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis were 72 h and enzyme loading of 66 FPU · g-1. The enzymatic yield was 42,72 %.
Compression-grinding Treatment of Wet Rice Straw for Bioethanol Production
Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 2015
We have developed a novel rice straw collection system that incorporates compression-grinding method combined with lime treatment for use on rice farms. In this study, we determined the improvement in sugar yield by enzymatic saccharification and in resistance to biological decomposition by processing wet rice straw by using the proposed treatment method. Our proposed pretreatment method for rice straw successfully improved the sugar yield and resistance to biological decomposition. Pretreatment of rice straw by compression grinding combined with lime treatment can be conducted on the farm itself, immediately after harvest. Thus, incorporation of this method for the rice straw collection in bioethanol production may allow for the skipping of conventional drying step on farms and other pretreatment process performed for enzymatic saccharification in plants and for the effective utilization of previously abandoned difficult-to-dry wet biomass as feedstock in bioethanol production. Skipping of these steps would reduce the cost of ethanol production.
Rice Straw with Altered Carbohydrate Content: Feedstock for Ethanol Production
Transactions of the ASABE, 2015
Rice straw is a potential feedstock for cellulosic ethanol, since it is the most abundant agricultural waste in the world and contains starch. The structural configuration of starch makes it easy to hydrolyze, which consequently could increase ethanol yields. In this study, effects of starch in rice straw on ethanol production were investigated. A transgenic rice straw with high vegetative starch content and conventional rice straw were pretreated using dilute acid, hot water, or ammonium hydroxide. To evaluate starch solubility during the pretreatments, pretreated samples were either washed or unwashed prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Starch or cellulose were solubilized and hydrolyzed during all three pretreatments. As a result, unwashed samples showed up to 60% and 79% higher glucose yield and ethanol yield, respectively, than washed samples. In addition, greater starch content in transgenic rice straw led to increased ethanol yields compared to control rice straw. Unwashed transgenic samples pretreated with dilute acid, hot water, or ammonium hydroxide achieved ethanol yields of 17.5%, 14.9%, and 20.4% g g-1 biomass, respectively.
Kinematic study of reducing sugar production from rice straw by raw wood-rotting enzyme strain
Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014
In this study, a cost effective, simple, environment friendly way of fermentable reducing sugar production from rice straw has been carried out by using naturally grown raw wood rotting enzyme. The rotten bark of three trees was collected as the source of enzyme, called enzyme strain. The yield of reducing sugar from rice straw by enzyme strain at various operating condition was studied. A kinetic model expression has been developed for the enzymatic hydrolysis process based on the Michaelis-Mentens approach. Comparison between the experimental data and theoretical data predicted from the rate model render sound accord with a mean deviation of about 0.679. Strain collected from the Rain tree (Samanea Saman) showed the maximum production of reducing sugar. The absence of light gives 36.36% higher production than that of the presence of light. The optimum pH is found as 5. Strain concentration at 0.0233g/ml shows the maximum sugar production as 0.09854 mg/ml in 10 days. Substrate concentration at .0143mg/ml gives maximum production of 0 .15991 mg/ml in 16 days. From this study the optimum condition was found as 0.157 mg/ml fermentable reducing sugar in 11 days. This study provides an alternative and attractive cost effective source of fermentable sugar which can be further converted to valuable product such as bioethanol to meet the worlds increasing energy demand.