A Charging Place to Be - Users’ Evaluation Criteria for the Positioning of Fast-charging Infrastructure for Electro Mobility (original) (raw)

Placement of Infrastructure for Urban Electromobility: A Sustainable Approach

Sustainability

Over the last few years, electric vehicles (EVs) have turned into viable urban transportation alternatives. Charging infrastructure is an issue, since high investment is needed and there is a lot of demand uncertainty. Seeking to fill gaps in past studies, this investigation proposes a set of procedures to identify the most adequate places for implementing the EV charging infrastructure. In order to identify the most favorable districts for the installation and operation of electric charging infrastructure in São Paulo city, the following public available information was considered: the density of points of interest (POIs), distribution of the average monthly per capita income, and number of daily trips made by transportation mode. The current electric vehicle charging network and most important business corridors were additionally taken into account. The investigation shows that districts with the largest demand for charging stations are located in the central area, where the popul...

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2018

This paper presents a literature review of studies that investigate infrastructure needs to support the market introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). It focuses on literature relating to consumer preferences for charging infrastructure, and how consumers interact with and use this infrastructure. This includes studies that use questionnaire surveys, interviews, modelling, GPS data from vehicles, and data from electric vehicle charging equipment. These studies indicate that the most important location for PEV charging is at home, followed by work, and then public locations. Studies have found that more effort is needed to ensure consumers have easy access to PEV charging and that charging at home, work, or public locations should not be free of cost. Research indicates that PEV charging will not impact electricity grids on the short term, however charging may need to be managed when the vehicles are deployed in greater numbers. In some areas of study the literature is not sufficiently mature to draw any conclusions from. More research is especially needed to determine how much infrastructure is needed to support the roll out of PEVs. This paper ends with policy implications and suggests avenues of future research. 1. Introduction Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), which include both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), are more efficient and less polluting than the majority of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) (Jochem et al., 2015a; Nordelöf

Determining Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location Suitability: A Qualitative Study of Greek Stakeholders Employing Thematic Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process

Sustainability

Shifting from a fossil-fueled to an eco-friendly vehicle fleet in cities could pave the way towards a more sustainable future. Electric Vehicles (EVs) should thus be prioritized, so that they could replace conventional vehicles gradually. In this context, an EV-accommodating infrastructure, which ensures the functionality of the entire system, is essential. This study aims to develop a methodological framework to identify suitable locations for the deployment of EV charging points in urban environments. To meet this objective, we acquired a mixed method approach including a systematic literature review, 12 semistructured stakeholder interviews which were thematically analyzed, and an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The outcome is a spatial model function, which consists of parameters and weights for estimating the suitability of each urban road link that will allow the establishment of EV charging points. Results show that the key location selection factors are: transport hubs, ...

Determination of charging infrastructure location for electric vehicles

Transportation Research Procedia, 2017

The deployment of charging infrastructure is the prerequisite for the spread of electric vehicles. A well-established charging network increases vehicle miles using electricity, relieves range anxiety and reduces inconvenience concerning charging process. The research question was, where to install the charging stations to facilitate the longdistance travels and to meet the urban (local) demands considering both the existing stations and the installations are to be realized by legal regulations. We have elaborated weighted multi-criteria methods for both the national roads and the counties or districts. Several demographic, economic, environmental and transportation-related attributes, as well as the available services (points of interests) that influence the potential for charging station use, have been identified and their effects have been revealed in system approach. On the national roads point-oriented assessment, whereas in urban environment territorial unit-oriented assessments have been applied. On the national roads, the existing rest-places as prospective charging stations have been investigated. The strategic points (nearby border stations and capital city) as mandatory charging stations have been also designated. The methods have been applied to Hungary (on the level of national roads) and to Újbuda (11 th district of Budapest, on urban level).

Spatiotemporal Analysis of the e-Mobility System in Newcastle-Gateshead Area

2015

The world is witnessing an accelerating expansion of urban areas and intensive urbanization. The robust relation between transport infrastructure and urban planning is reflected in how integrated and reliable any system is within the urban spatial system. Designing an integrated infrastructure to support full electric vehicle (EV) use is a crucial matter, which concerns planning authorities, policy makers, as well as current and potential users. Reducing range anxiety by facilitating access to public refuelling stations (RSs) is designed to overcome one of the main barriers that stops potential users to utilise EVs. The uncertainty of having a reliable and integrated charging infrastructure presents hurdles to, and slows down, the growing trend of smart ecosystems and sustainable urban communities as whole. Strategically locating non-domestic (public) EV charging points will help to pave the way for a better market penetration of EVs and, in space syntax terms, this involves establishing the spatial configurational correlates to successful charging locations. This paper analyses real information about EV usage of the year 2012, in one of these metropolitan areas. A case study of 38 charging points (CPs) with 120 EV users located in the inner urban core (NE1, NE4, and NE8 postcode districts) of a metropolitan area in the NorthEast England, the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, incorporating space-time analysis of the EV population, is presented. Information about usage and charging patterns has been collected from the main local service provider in the North East of England, Charge Your Car (CYC) Ltd. The primary methodology employed is a clustering analysis. It is conducted as a dimensional analysis technique for data mining and for significant analysis of quantitative datasets. A spatial (consisting of space syntax measures) and temporal analysis of charging patterns is conducted using SPSS and predictive analytics software. The study outcomes provide recommendations and an explorative design theory for the implementation of non-domestic EV charging infrastructure. This paper presents a methodological approach useful for planning authorities, policy makers and commercial agents in evaluating and measuring the degree of usability of the public electric mobility (e-mobility) system.

Interrogating the Relation between E-Mobility Recharging Network Design and Drivers Charging Behaviour

In this paper we report on research into patterns of electric vehicle (EV) commuters' movement and behavior in a road network. The design of the charging network is a function of its size and the distribution of the charging points within a given urban area. It consists of several spatial design qualities, configuration attributes, travel demand, and users charging patterns. In order to have reliable recharging facilities (RFs), we need to understand the nature of the system and eventually plan and design for the current and potential EV commuters. The recharging experience should not be a worrying matter for EV drivers. Assessing existing systems helps in picking up the main paradigms of EV population and system that need to be considered or even adjusted for a better EV market penetration. This study introduces the spatial configuration of an active e-mobility system through a case study. The paper investigates the correlation between the design characteristics of EV recharging infrastructure and its usability for the given metropolitan area. The usability is a consequential communication corresponds to the system design. We need to explore the variations in individual charging behavior within the EV population to understand the movement patterns in the network. Using data of over 500 EV drivers charging their cars using public charging infrastructure over a three-year time, we clustered the EV population based on the charging patterns. Design configuration analysis is conducted using DepthMap; charging patterns are captured by the infrastructure service provider while been sorted, tabulated and analyzed using SPSS. The study outcomes should give a clear insight of how the use of RFs is affected by the spatial; design features as well as the charging patterns and profiles of EV real users.

Electric mobility & the urban environment; the Schiphol case

2010

The introduction of electric mobility is one of the promising options to create a more sustainable mobility system for the future. Electric vehicles offer the promise of major reductions in local CO2, NOX and particulate emissions. In addition, electric vehicles are silent, easy to service and have high 'well-to-wheel' energy efficiency. However, the introduction of electric vehicles into society also poses several important challenges. Current electric vehicle technologies have limitations with respect to ease of use, driving range, and time-to-charge, and are relatively expensive. Moreover, the use of electric vehicles requires an adequate charging and electric grid infrastructure, as well as dedicated solutions for vehicle charging and storage that are optimally integrated into the built environment.

Optimizing The Location Of Charging Infrastructure For Future Expansion Of ElectricVehicle In Sao Paulo, Brazil

IEEE-Xplore, 2020

The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is among the main problems faced by the growth of road transportation in Sao Paulo, the Brazilian city with the highest concentration of vehicles accounting for 28,000 vehicles per 100,000 inhabitants. Electric mobility has the potential to catalyze the development of transport, contributing to mitigate climate change, and support incipient smart cities projects with an adequate electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) network. This study comes up with the mapping of well-suited locations for EVCS by using geographic information system (GIS) analysis in combination with knowledge from a survey conducted with local electric vehicle (EV) experts. The method was tested to meet the increasing demand for EVs in the municipality of Sao Paulo by 2025, assuming the need for around 3,300 EVCS stations to support a penetration of 1 percent of EVs in urban private cars. EVCS is ideally situated in one third of the municipal districts of Sao Paulo, namely the Center, South Center, West and Southeast areas. Attributes such as unsafe non-urbanized areas and risk places subject to floods were highlighted as new findings to consider in Sao Paulo, with similar characteristics as others in Latin America areas, providing some insights about the challenges on the way to smart cities.

Designing an Optimized Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure for Urban Area: A Case study from Indonesia

2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)

The rapid development of electric vehicle (EV) technologies promises cleaner air and more efficient transportation systems, especially for polluted and congested urban areas. To capitalize on this potential, the Indonesian government has appointed PLN, its largest stateowned electricity provider, to accelerate the preparation of Indonesia's EV infrastructure. With a mission of providing reliable, accessible, and cost-effective EV charging station infrastructure throughout the country, the company is prototyping a location-optimized model to simulate how well its infrastructure design reaches customers, fulfills demands, and generates revenue. In this work, we study how PLN could maximize profit by optimally placing EV charging stations in urban areas by adopting a maximal covering location model. In our experiments, we use data from Surabaya, Indonesia, and consider the two main transportation modes for the locals to charge: electric motorcycles and electric cars. Numerical experiments with 11 candidate EV charging station locations and the projected number of electric vehicles in the early penetration phase across 98 sub-districts throughout the city show that only four charging stations are needed to cover the whole city, given the charging technology that PLN has acquired. However, consumers' time-to-travel is exceptionally high (about 35 minutes), which could lead to poor consumer service and hindrance toward EV technologies. Sensitivity analysis reveals that building more charging stations could reduce the time but comes with higher costs due to extra facility installations. Adding layers of redundancy to buffer against outages or other disruptions also incurs higher costs but could be an appealing option to design a more reliable and thriving EV infrastructure. The model can provide insights to decision-makers to devise the most reliable and cost-effective infrastructure designs to support the deployment of electric vehicles and much more advanced intelligent transportation systems in the near future.

The two and half minute walk: Fast charging of electric vehicles and the economic value of walkability

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science

The number of electric vehicles in the Netherlands has sharply increased over the past decade. This has caused a need for the allocation of a substantial amount of new electric vehicle chargers around the country, which in turn has been acknowledged by a variety of legislative bodies. However, the approach of how these new charging infrastructures need to be spatially distributed has yet to be decided, including the distance that an electric vehicle charger could be allocated from the final destination of its driver. The hypothesis of this study is that if residents walk a longer distance to/from these charging stations, the chargers could be shared by a greater number of electric vehicle owners, and the total cost of the new charging infrastructure could be reduced. By using linear integer programming, the minimum cost of allocating new fastcharging stations in a central, densely populated area of Amsterdam, accounting for 7% of the city's population, is calculated. The results show that if residents were to walk for five minutes (roughly 400 metres) instead of two and half minutes (roughly 200 metres), the overall cost of new electric vehicle chargers could be reduced by more than 1 million euros. The study also found that both the cost of new charging stations and their efficiency of use are vastly affected by the portion of the charging infrastructure that is saved for people visiting the area. The findings of this study are discussed in detail, including the proposal of potential further studies.