A propaedeutics of Serbia's new industrial policy and its impact on territorial development (original) (raw)
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The presentation of the materials in this Book of Proceedings do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the editor. The texts of this publication, excluding photographs, may be reproduced if indicated by the source. Quoting and sources are the sole responsibility of authors of particular articles.
Discussion Papers No. 62, 2008
In Central European states, the questions of industrialisation have been asked numerous times in relation to the European core. Before WW II, industrial underdevelopment could be linked to the peripheral situation of Central European economies, and meaningful parallels could be drawn with the states of Southern Europe, who had faced the same problems. With state socialism and its focus on catch-up through industrial development, the issue became muddled. To what extent was the path taken by Central European states to industrialise comparable to other economies on the European periphery, and to what extent was it a specific outcome of socialist ideology? Furthermore, is it possible to speak about national models, or are these variations less significant? The role of industry had to be re-evaluated during transformation. Decline in employment, economic share and exports was universal, but it is also visible that some industrial activities have been able to survive and become a new source of growth. In Central Europe’s integration into European and global networks, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has reshaped space; however, it is apparent that the dichotomy between old and new industries is a questionable one: even new greenfield investments are closely linked to previous production millieus, while old industries have often shown ability to be revitalised. Therefore, the spatial structure of industry of Central Europe today is a patchwork of continuity and change, where convergence towards the core is just as possible as the recreation of traditional peripheral relationships. This paper aim to trace the development of Central European industry from three aspects: public policy (what was the role of the state in influencing industrial growth?), economic development (what role did industry play in national economies, and how did national models compare to each other and western models?) and spatial development (how did industrialisation and de-industrialisation processes play out in heterogenous space?). Three major time periods are considered: the inter-war years, state socialism and the present; and the question examined whether they represent breaks in development or continuities and organic transitions.
Contemporary Trends in the Development of Industry in the World and Serbia
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GEO-ECONOMICS AND REINDUSTRIALIZATION – CHALLENGES FOR CROATIA AND SERBIA
Inherited instability and great imbalance in the market of the region in the context of new geopolitical trends require serious geo-economic structural changes. The development will be conditioned by economic and social changes in the future and depend much more on internal factors than on external environment. Hence, the paper aims to discuss appropriate solutions and concepts which should be sought in: 1) the development of a stimulating environment for the implementation of reindustrialization for development and comprehensive engagement of available economic, technological and human resources with innovative optimal allocation of production factors based on cooperation of all participants of modern industry and innovative society and 2) intensifying structural changes in technological and organizational performance of companies. The content of the goals and actions of sustainable development should be based on the paradigm of reindustrialization in the context of: 1) improvement of all forms of management, especially in the field of export enterprises, business networks and alliances, 2) respect for the principle of territorial cohesion of economic and social partners, and 3) precise and transparent professionalization and decentralization of public regulation of the economy and economic development. Finally, the paper discusses what a decentralized approach to industrial and cohesion policy should entail in terms of new geo-economic structural changes. 1. Introduction The process of adaptation of the regional market to market economy standards has been slow. Its operation has been strongly affected by (its unfavourable) position on the global market, due to exposure to the following four exogenous trends: 1) globalisation, 2) the transformation of the production system (undergoing (post)socialist restructuring following the European concept), 3) a growing impact of technological advancement and innovation, and 4) hyper competition. The labour market, on the other hand, is increasingly affected by two groups of endogenous factors. Because of the first group of factors, the supply of a quality (and adequately structured) workforce that meets the needs of modern consumers has been decreasing since the early 1990s. The second group of factors have caused a radical decrease in the demand for labour. Both groups of factors have caused imbalance, which, combined with economic developments, has led to unemployment and a change in the employment structure in favour of the service sector. The mentioned exogenous factors now provide a market framework that needs to be understood properly to identify the causes of current geo-economic changes in the framework of geopolitical developments. The impact of these factors is (to some extent) underestimated by experts on geopolitics and business professionals. Valid proposals are expected in the future, which will help create the framework for (often painful) adjustments. It is essential to analyse external environmental factors and identify the consequences of internal incompatibility of national economies with the structure of demand on the European Single Market. Special attention must be given to the causes of radical de-industrialisation. The focus should be on identifying the internal causes and consequences of long-term inadequate structural development trends and a drop-in employment. The development of a policy aimed at reducing economic (structural) imbalance in the market in accordance with the European concept of endogenous, self-propulsive and self-sustainable development must be consistent with visible results of the geo-economic trends of reindustrialisation aimed at the economic, social and territorial cohesion of the Region 1. The most recent financial and economic crisis has shown that a strong industry is the basis of a strong economy. There is a challenge to create the institutional framework and material conditions for the implementation of the European concept of sustainable development through the transformation of the national socioeconomic system. The greatest " flaw " of economic policies of the countries in the region is an obvious and tragic neglect of industries, especially the manufacturing industry, and thereafter an almost complete standstill in technological development, which has resulted in the closure of many facilities. Today's innovation-driven industrialized economy must find solutions to address the challenges of developing a new regional production system and identify regional and sector development objectives. The new model of development must be based on innovative knowledge to increase exports of value-added products in a way that will take into account the economic, social and spatial cohesion and preserve and enhance the natural and climatic resources for the benefit of future generations. It
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