Factors associated with anxiety disorders among HIV-positive attendees of an HIV clinic in Lagos, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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AIDS and Behavior, 2012
The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence, types and correlates of anxiety disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending a sub-Saharan Africa HIV clinic. Three hundred HIV positive adults were subjected to semi-structured clinical interview using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to diagnose anxiety disorders in them. Additionally, a sociodemographic/clinical profile questionnaire designed for the study was administered to the study participants. The prevalence of anxiety disorders among PLWHA in this study was 21.7 %, and anxiety disorder unspecified (6.2 %), mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (5.3 %) and social phobia (4 %) among others were the subtypes of anxiety disorders elicited among the participants. Lack of family support [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.212, P \ 0.001], unemployment (r = 0.168, P = 0.004) and being unmarried (r = 0.182, P = 0.002) were much more likely to be found among participants with anxiety disorders; while younger age group (r = -0.126, P = 0.039) and negative previous mental illness (r = -0.894, P = 0.021) seem protective against anxiety disorders in this study. Our findings suggest a high burden of anxiety disorders among PLWHA and up to fivefolds when compared to the general population. Thus, integration of proactive mental health screening as well as treatment services with inclusion of targeted intervention for anxiety disorders among PLWHA is recommended.
Contemporary prevalence and predictors of anxiety among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana
Ghana Medical Journal
Objectives: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety in people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary centre in Ghana.Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design.Setting: The study was conducted in the outpatient HIV clinic of a tertiary hospital.Participants: Participants were adult PLWHA receiving OPD care, including those established on combined an-tiretroviral therapy (cART) and newer patients who were not on cART. Four hundred ninety-five participants aged ≥30 years were consecutively enrolled on the study.Interventions: Demographic and clinical data were collected using standard questionnaires and patient files. Anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors.Main outcome measure: Proportion of PLWHA who had HADS score of ≥8Results: Overall prevalence of anxiety was 61.0% (95%CI: 56.6 – 65.3), with no significant difference between re-cently di...
Anxiety and Depression Among Women Living with HIV: Prevalence and Correlations
Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health
Introduction: It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemp...
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019
Background: Depressive and anxious symptoms are more regularly seen in HIVinfected people than in the general population. This investigation planned to evaluate the magnitude and factors related to depressive and anxiety symptoms among HIV patients in South Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study directed among 363 HIVinfected individuals who had a customary visit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia, who were incorporated into the study through systematic sampling techniques. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was utilized to take a look at anxious and depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.66 years (SD ±10.03). The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 32.0% and 34.4%, respectively. Patients who were living alone [AOR = 1.94, (95% CI: 1.06, 3.56)], had poor social support [AOR = 5.57, (95% CI: 1.20, 10.84)] or had HIV-related perceived stigma [AOR = 2.35, (95% CI: 1.44, 3.84)] were more likely to have depression as compared to their counterparts. Those with a previous history of mental illness [AOR = 3.36, (95% CI: 1.31, 8.61)] and poor social support [AOR = 6.67, (95% CI: 1.47, 10.33)] were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the current study was high. Concerned health departments of the country should create guidelines to screen and treat depression and anxiety among HIV patients. Further research on hazard factors of depression and anxiety ought to be examined to strengthen and expand these findings.
Health Science Reports
Background and Aims: An important but much less researched burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa includes the associated mental health outcomes of living with the virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and describe some of the socio-demographic associations among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 395 PLHIV who access HIV-related services at the antiretroviral therapy clinic. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress. Frequencies and percentages were used to estimate the prevalence and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The prevalence estimates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PLHIV were 28.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4-33.3), 40.8% (95% CI = 36.0-45.8), and 10.6% (95% CI = 7.9-14.1), respectively. Females reported higher prevalence of depression (32.2%; 95% CI = 27.2-37.7), anxiety (44.0%; 95% CI = 38.4-49.6), and stress (12.6%; 95% CI = 9.4-17.0) compared to depression (17.5%; 95%
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2024
Depression and anxiety disorders (DAD) have consistently been established as some of the major mental health outcomes in the HIV/AIDS population. In light of previous research attempts to examine its causes and proffer solutions, however, rates of DAD have remained consistently high, especially in HIV populations. This study therefore examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety and coping strategies among HIV naïve patients in Abuja. The research design was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that utilized multistage sampling technique to recruit 1022 HIV naïve patients. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7) and developed instruments for coping were used to assess depression, anxiety and coping strategies respectively. The research instrument was administered to well-consented and eligible participants. Three objectives, which were later transformed into hypotheses, examined the prevalence of depression, anxiety and coping strategies. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square and logistic regression. Results indicated that the prevalence of depression was 65.1%, 18.8%, 10.8% and 5.3% for minimal, mild, moderate and severe depression respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of anxiety was 69.5%, 20.6%, 7.6% and 2.3% for minimal, mild, moderate and severe anxiety respectively. Further results revealed that sex is significantly associated with depression and anxiety X 2 = 21.597, df= 4, p<.000; X 2 = 12.480, df= 4, p<.05. There was also a statistically significant difference in coping between patients with mild depression and severe depression (OR. 2.673 to 29.949). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in coping between patients with mild and severe anxiety (OR, 2.673 to 29.949). Governmental and Non-governmental organizations should take cognizance of this prevalence and evolve measure to reduce the rate of these problems among HIV naïve patients in Abuja and beyond.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2013
Anxiety disorders are frequent in HIV-infected individuals, can pre-exist or occur during HIV infection. We evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire whether anxiety is related to HIV clinical status and therapeutic success in a cohort of HIV-positive subjects in Sicily. We enrolled 251 patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for at least six months; Self Rating Anxiety State SAS 054 was used to diagnose anxiety and a Z score ≥ 45 points was considered diagnostic. 47% of patients were diagnosed with anxiety. Patients showing symptoms related to anxiety had experienced a high number of therapeutic switches (fourth line or more). These data confirm a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms among subjects with HIV infection in Eastern Sicily. Physicians should be aware of the extent of the problem and should be able to adequately manage anxiety in the setting of HIV infection.
Background -Most of HIV infected persons report suffering from some mood disorder. Unfortunately, this has been noted to be common among women where the cases of depressive disorders among females HIVpositive patients have been found to be considerably higher than in males HIV positive globally. Since anxiety has been largely and functionally linked to depressive thoughts that affect women and adolescent girls, it is correct to assume that comorbid depression and anxiety is also common in women worldwide. However, these disorders have consistently been looked at independently and therefore, there are no studies particularly from Kenya that look at the prevalence of the comorbidity on a normal or special population. This study addresses this the gap by looking into the prevalence of the comorbidity among HIV infected women in Nairobi. It also explores the factors associated with the comorbidity among this group of respondents. Methods-The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. It was carried out at the Kibra South clinic. The BDI II and BAI were used to determine the prevalence of comorbid depression and Anxiety. Systematic sampling was used to get 185 respondents who were HIV infected adult women attending their monthly scheduled clinics at Kibra south clinic in Nairobi. Analysis was done using SPPS (vr.23). Results-The prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety was 38.4% (n=71). Age at p=0.031, level of education at p=0.025, and income at p=0.005 were found to be significantly associated with comorbid depression & anxiety. The correlation between the significantly associated variables which was determined by Cramers V, indicated that the strength of relationships between these variables to be moderate and values above 0.2 but less than 0.3. Conclusion-Prevalence of Comorbid depression and anxiety among the HIV positive women attending the Kibra South Clinic was high and therefore screening of these psychiatric disorders and assessing for general psychological wellness should be included in the treatment regimen of the HIV infected women