Effect of Construction on Strain distribution in Woven Fabrics under Uniaxial Tensile Deformation (original) (raw)
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Composites Science and Technology, 1996
This study of woven fabric strength begins by focusing on the effects of the crossing points, where warp and weft yarns interlace with each other to form a fabric, towards the ultimate fabric tensile strength. When a fabric is under uniaxial or biaxial tension, the yarn-yarn interactions at the crossing points are found to consist of two components, a pressure-independent adhesive component and a pressure-dependent frictional one, of which the latter is proved to be dominant. On the basis of the analysis, the yarn critical length in the fragmentation process during fabric extension is defined and calculated. Moreover, by treating the fabric as an assemblage of yarn bundles, the distribution density function of the strengths between individual yarns in the same bundle is provided based on the single yarn strength distribution, and the fracture process of the bundle can be better described using this function. Then, by incorporating the critical yarn length into the distribution density function of the yarn strength, the in situ behavior of the yarn bundle in a fabric is predicted. Following the chain of sub-bundle model, the mean fabric strength and the fabric stress/strain curve are predicted more realistically for both uniaxial and biaxial tension cases. The predictions of the present theory compare favorably with the measured fabric strengths both previously reported and tested in the present work. A detailed parametric study is also carried out.
Influence of weave and weft characteristics on tensile properties of fabrics
The breaking strength and elongation at break of a fabric firstly depend on the breaking strength and elongation at break in the testing direction of the used yarn. In our research not only the influence of the weft characteristics and weave on the breaking strength and elongation of woven fabrics was analysed, but also a particular study was devoted to the influence of threads, which were perpendicular to the testing direction. In the first part of our research, the breaking force and elongation of threads at different clamping lengths and extension rates before and after the weaving process were measured. In the second part ,the breaking force and elongation at break and stress-strain curves of woven fabrics were analysed. In order to examine the influence of the weft, fabrics of plain weave with different characteristics of the weft were prepared. Furthermore, different weaves were designed: one group with single weft threads and another with doubled (twisted) weft threads. The results of measurements of the yarn showed only a minimal influence of measuring conditions, but according to the expectations, the important influence of the weaving process on the tensile properties of yarns was also noted. The results of the measurements of the fabric highlighted that not only the raw material, but also the mechanical properties of the perpendicular thread system influence the tensile properties of fabrics in the direction analysed. In comparison with single threads, the use of doubled threads in the weft caused a general improvement in the breaking force and elongation at break by stretching tests in the warp direction.
The paper analyses the tensile behaviour of woven fabrics made from 45%Wool + 55%PES used for garments. Analysis of fabric behaviour during wearing has shown that these are submitted to simple and repeated uniaxial or biaxial tensile strains. The level of these strains is often within the elastic limit, rarely going over yielding. Therefore the designer must be able to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of such fabrics in order to control the fabric behaviour in the garment. This evaluation is carried out based on the tensile testing, using certain indexes specific to the stress-strain curve. The paper considers an experimental matrix based on woven fabrics of different yarn counts, different or equal yarn count for warp and weft systems and different structures. The fabrics were tested using a testing machine and the results were then compared in order to determine the fabrics' tensile behaviour and the factors of influence that affect it.From the point of view of tensile testin...
Effect of Sett and Construction on Uniaxial Tensile Properties of Woven Fabrics
Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 2010
The tensile behavior of woven fabrics is known to be affected by its sett and construction. This influence, when clearly understood, would make engineering of fabrics for tensile properties easier. Hence, this work is aimed at understanding the interdependence between the sett, construction and tensile behavior of woven fabrics. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of the number of load bearing and interlacing yarns, the spacing between them, and their interlacement pattern on the tensile behavior of the fabric, typically characterized by the percent yarn strength utilization in the fabric. The results reveal that the factors mentioned above along with the crimp of the constituent yarns and their interchange during the tensile deformation process, influence the tensile properties of the fabric. A significant influence of the distribution of interlacement was also observed.
Stress-Strain Curve Analysis of Woven Fabrics Made from Combed Yarns Type Wool
2014
The paper analyses the tensile behaviour of woven fabrics made from 45%Wool + 55%PES used for garments. Analysis of fabric behaviour during wearing has shown that these are submitted to simple and repeated uniaxial or biaxial tensile strains. The level of these strains is often within the elastic limit, rarely going over yielding. Therefore the designer must be able to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of such fabrics in order to control the fabric behaviour in the garment. This evaluation is carried out based on the tensile testing, using certain indexes specific to the stress-strain curve. The paper considers an experimental matrix based on woven fabrics of different yarn counts, different or equal yarn count for warp and weft systems and different structures. The fabrics were tested using a testing machine and the results were then compared in order to determine the fabrics’ tensile behaviour and the factors of influence that affect it.From the point of view of tensile testing, t...
Tensile properties of single and two-ply cotton yarn woven fabrics
2003
Uniaxial tensile behaviour of woven fabrics made up of two-ply cotton warp and sin gle/two-ply cotton weft ya rn s ha s been studied . The effect of increase in pick density on the strength and extension behaviour of the fabric ha s bee n observed in both warp and weft directi ons. Warp-way fabric strength dec reases while weft-way strength increases with th e increase in pick density. Yarn obliquity has been found to affect strength considerably in case of both singl e and two-ply co tton weft ya rn fabrics but th e ya rn strength rea li za ti on in fabric has been found to be better for the fabrics with si ngle weft ya rn s as compared to that for the fabri cs with two-ply weft yarns .
Characterization of mechanical behavior of woven fabrics: Experimental methods and benchmark results
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2008
Textile composites made of woven fabrics have demonstrated excellent mechanical properties for the production of high specific-strength products. Research efforts in the woven fabric sheet forming are currently at a point where benchmarking will lead to major advances in understanding both the strengths and the limitations of existing experimental and modeling approaches. Test results can provide valuable information for the material characterization and forming process design of woven composites if researchers know how to interpret the results obtained from varying test methods appropriately. An international group of academic and industry researchers has gathered to design and conduct benchmarking tests of interest to the composite sheet forming community. Shear deformation is the dominative deformation mode for woven fabrics in forming; therefore, trellis-frame (picture-frame) and biasextension tests for both balanced and unbalanced fabrics have been conducted and compared through this collaborative effort. Tests were conducted by seven international research institutions on three identical woven fabrics. Both the variations in the setup of each research laboratory and the normalization methods used to compare the test results are presented and discussed. With an understanding of the effects of testing variations on the results and the normalization methods, numerical modeling efforts can commence and new testing methods can be developed to advance the field.
Shear deformation analysis for woven fabrics
Composite Structures, 2005
A new mechanical model is proposed in this paper to evaluate the shearing properties for woven fabrics during the initial slip region. Compared to the existing mechanical model for fabric shear, this model involves not only bending but also torsion of curved yarns. This model has the advantage of taking into consideration the yarn undulation in fabrics while keeping mathematical rigor. Moreover, an erroneous formula in the previous research work from a referenced paper is modified. Analytical results show that this model provides better agreement with the experiments for both the initial shear modulus and slipping angle than the existing model. The approach for this model can be extended to predict other mechanical properties of fabrics in order to obtain more precise results.
Effect of Warp Yarn Tension on Crimp% in Woven Fabric
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Yarn tension is the most important factor that affects weaving performance and fabric property. Experimental studies were conducted by woven fabrics which are produced by rapier loom (Dobby shedding). The study shows that yarn crimp in woven fabric is affected by yarn tension. Crimp% was calculated by dividing the uncrimped length of yarn by crimped length of yarn. It was observed that crimp% of warp and weft yarn in woven fabric is affected by warp and weft yarn tension.