The association between smoking and female infertility as influenced by cause of the infertility (original) (raw)
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Association between cigarette smoking behavior and infertility in women: a case-control study
Biomedical Research and Therapy
Introduction: The effects of smoking on decreasing the chance of fertility in women have been acknowledged but some aspects, such as smoking behavior, are currently unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between smoking traits and infertility in women through a comparative study with fertile women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 350 women (177 infertile and 173 fertile) in March-May 2014. Sampling was performed in two phases. Demographic and reproductive data were collected by questionnaires- for demographics and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)). The total score of questionnaires was ten. The participants were divided into 3 groups: “Low Nicotine” dependency (0-4), “Moderate Nicotine” dependency (5) and “High Nicotine” dependency (6-10). To examine the relationship between smoking and infertility, both the chi-square test and logistic regression tests were used. Results: Tobacco use in infertile women was greater than that ...
Smoking and infertility: a committee opinion
Fertility and Sterility, 2012
Approximately 30% of women of reproductive age and 35% of men of reproductive age in the United States smoke cigarettes. Substantial harmful effects of cigarette smoke on fecundity and reproduction have become apparent but are not generally appreciated. This document replaces the 2008 ASRM Practice Committee document of the same name.
Smoking habits and endometriosis risk among infertile women: Results from a case control study
2017
Some studies have suggested that tobacco smoking may affect the risk of endometriosis, but published data are controversial. We conducted a case control study on the association between smoking and endometriosis risk Cases of endometriosis included 90 women (median age 35, range 19-49) with incident, i.e. laparoscopically diagnosed within the year before interview, histologically confirmed endometriosis. Controls were 90 women (median age 35.5, range 1776) admitted for a wide spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to known potential risk factors for endometriosis. Compared with never smokers the OR of endometriosis was 2.36 (95% CI 1.04-5.35) in ever smokers. These findings were largely consistent in strata of age and education. Considering separately nulliparous and parous women the estimated OR of endometriosis in ever smokers were 1.51 (95%CI 0.26-11.36) and 2.52. In conclusion despite the limitations of this study the present analysis suggest that smoking may increase the risk o...
The effect of female smoking on in-vitro fertilization outcome
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Background: to assess the effect of female smoking on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Methods: A total of 186 women undergoing IVF treatment cycle at Orient Hospital between December 2020 and December 2021 were classi ed into two groups smokers and non-smokers (93 patients for each group). An analysis of this prospective cohort study was done , where the outcome involved the following: number of oocytes retrieved, number of Metaphase II oocytes (MII), oocytes quality, maturation rate, fertilization rate, embryos' quality)embryos grade I) and clinical pregnancy rate. Results: the only signi cant difference was found in the number of grade I embryos which was lower in smokers' group (p-value= 0.017<0.05) while there was no measurable effect of female smoking on other studied IVF outcomes. Conclusion: Female smoking was associated with decreased quality of embryos (lower number of grade I embryos in smokers' group) which may affect cumulative pregnancy rate.
Male cigarette smoking and fecundity in couples attending an infertility clinic
Andrologia, 2009
Semen parameter ~ fertility outcome cigarette smoking ~ human. Summary. The relationship between male cigarette smoking i n d fertility was studied for 330 couples attending an infertility clinic. 59% did not smoke, 10% smoked between 1 and 5 per day, 8% smoked between 6 and 10 per day, 16% smoked 11-20 per day and 7% smoked more than 20 per day. There was no significant association between smoking and any semen parameter. 138 men had a female partner who was apparently normal. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the 'normal' and 'abnormal' female groups. Couples were followed-up for up to 32 months. Nineteen women had a treatment independent conception within the 'normal' female group. There was no significant association between the number of cigarettes smoked and the fertility outcome.
Active smoking compromises IVF outcome and affects ovarian reserve
Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 2008
Although the association between smoking and female infertility is now largely demonstrated, the proportion of smokers in women of reproductive age remains important. Tobacco contains numerous toxicants that could affect ovarian reserve and lead to poor prognosis in assisted reproductive techniques. To investigate the effect of female active smoking on ovarian reserve and IVF outcome, smoking status, hormonal status, i.e. serum FSH, oestradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), ovarian response to hyperstimulation, i.e. mature oocytes retrieved, and IVF outcome, i.e. clinical pregnancy, were retrospectively analysed in 111 women undergoing IVF-embryo transfer cycles. Compared with non-smokers (n = 71), active smoking women (n = 40) had decreased ovarian response (12.12 ± 5 versus 8.62 ± 4 mature oocytes retrieved) to hyperstimulation and lower clinical pregnancy rate (29.6 versus 10.0%). Serum AMH concentrations were lower in the smoker group (3.86 ± 1.92 versus 3.06 ± 1.68 µg/l) and had no predictive value for ovarian response, inversely to non-smokers. In conclusion, active smoking is associated with poor prognosis in assisted reproduction cycles, i.e. ovarian response and pregnancy, and leads to altered ovarian reserve, as reflected by decreased serum AMH concentrations.
2012 Impact of smoking on infertility pregnancy outcome and fetal development
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the main causes of pregnancy complications and is correlated with poorer outcomes compared to pregnancy without smoking. Maternal smoking is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risks of placental abruption, placenta praevia, ectopic pregnancy and preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes. In addition, maternal smoking during pregnancy correlated with higher rates of low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and premature birth, as well as complications in respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems in childhood. Active and passive smoking of pregnant mothers seems to be one of the causative agents for these and other negative effects on both mothers and their infants. Physicians should clarify these hazardous effects to pregnant women and strongly advise them to quit smoking as soon as possible. Women who continue to smoke during pregnancy should be considered a high-risk pregnancy. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (by-nc 3.0). ©Copyright M. Hamad et al., 2012 Licensee PAGEPress srl, Italy Teratology Studies 2012 2:e1
Effects of female and male smoking on success rates of IVF and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer
Human Reproduction, 2001
BACKGROUND: Smoking by both male and female partners may play a significant role in the success rates of assisted reproductive technologies. The objective of this 5-year prospective study was to investigate the influence of cigarette smoking by the wife, husband, and couple at various time points (e.g. lifetime, week prior, or during the procedures) on different biological parameters of IVF and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 221 couples, aged >20 years, of Caucasian, Black, Asian or Hispanic descent were recruited from seven infertility clinics located in Southern California. Couples (i.e. either female or male or both) who ever smoked compared with non-smokers, had adjusted relative risks (RR) of 2.41 (95% CI 1.07-5.45, P ⍧ 0.03) of not achieving a pregnancy, and 3.76 (95% CI 1.40-10.03, P < 0.01) of not having a live birth delivery, while adjusting for potential confounders. For couples who smoked for >5 years, there was an adjusted RR ⍧ 4.27 of not achieving a pregnancy (95% CI l.53-11.97, P ⍧ 0.01). The number of oocytes retrieved decreased by 40% for couples (smokers, n ⍧ 6) and by 46% for men who smoked during the week of the visit for IVF or GIFT. Women who smoked in their lifetime had adjusted risks of 2.71 of not achieving a pregnancy (95% CI 1.37-5.35, P < 0.01), and 2.51 (95% CI 1.11-5.67, P < 0.03) of not having a live birth delivery. CONCLUSIONS: There is compelling evidence that couples should be made aware that smoking years before undergoing IVF and GIFT can impact treatment outcome. This study may also provide insight into the timing and effects of male and female smoking on natural reproduction.
Human Reproduction, 1998
Female cigarette smoking has been implicated as having a detrimental effect on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes mediated through: (i) a diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), and (ii) an elevated pregnancy loss. Research is sparse regarding the effect of male smoking. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the effect of male and female smoking on: (i) the collective quality of embryos selected for uterine transfer, and (ii) the likelihood of achieving an ongoing pregnancy at 12 weeks. A total of 498 consecutive IVF treatment cycles were analysed. Female smokers were significantly younger (P < 0.05) and achieved a better modified cumulative embryo score (mCES) (P < 0.05) than female non-smokers. Female age correlated inversely with the number of oocytes collected (r ⍧-0.42, P < 0.01) and the number of oocytes in turn was important in terms of predicting mCES. The decreasing number of oocytes aspirated with increasing age was of a significantly stronger magnitude for female smokers than for female non-smokers (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether smoking affected the likelihood of achieving a 12-week pregnancy. The mCES, tubal infertility and male smoking were found to be significant. Male smoking interacted with male age (P ⍧ 0.0164), indicating for male smokers a decrease of 2.4% in the likelihood of achieving a 12-week pregnancy with every 1-year increase in age. This is the first study to show that male smoking has a deleterious effect on pregnancy outcome among IVF patients. Our study supports the increased risk of DOR but fails to support the elevated incidence of pregnancy loss among female smokers. A reduced pregnancy rate was associated with male smoking possibly through pre-zygotic genetic damage. The growing realization of a paternal component of reproductive impairment suggests that studying the male is necessary.
Influence of smoking on outcome of COH and IUI in subfertile couples
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2009
Aim To evaluate the influence of smoking on the outcome of COH and IUI in subfertile couples. Patients and methods We reviewed the medical files of all consecutive women, age ≤35 years, attending our infertility clinics over an eigth-year period. Data on patient age, smoking habits, and variable related to infertility-treatment were collected from the files. Results A total of 2,318 cases were evaluated: 1,803 in nonsmoking patients (n=679) and 515 in smokers (n=206). The smokers used significantly more gonadotropin ampoules and gained a thinner endometrium on the day of hCG administration than the nonsmokers (p<0.016 for both). There were no between-groups differences in patient age, duration of gonadotropin stimulation, number of follicle >14 mm in diameter, or E2 levels on the day of hCG administration. Conclusion Smokers undergoing COH with IUI required a significantly higher gonadotropin dosage than nonsmokers in order to achieved a comparable pregnancy rate.