Desenvolvimento e Segurança Na Política Externa Brasileira: Considerações Teóricas e Empíricas Dos Governos Lula e Dilma (2003-2016) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Development, National Security and Brazilian Foreign Policy (1945 – 1989)
The hypothesis of this study is that the Development and National Security were seen in Brazilian Foreign Policy in the period 1945 to 1989, and tied in a bundle, and a national defense product that result from the development. The research is divided into four parts, in which (i) is contextualized in time, space and historically the object of research, (ii) explains how he was led to Brazilian foreign policy in the area of security and defense, (iii) explains how it was carried Brazilian foreign policy in national development and, finally, (iv) verifies that th working hypothesis can be confirmed using the information gathered to understand the combination of National Defence to development of the country.
Brazil has become an increasingly meaningful player in current international affairs and its “emergence” calls for a better comprehension of its particular take on security issues. This paper argues that while Brazil is gaining projection in the international stage it will not change its non-coercive approach towards security issues. This is born out of the belief that this characteristic is too embedded in Brazilian politics both from institutional and ideational standpoints. What follows is that for Brazil to increase its power vis-à-vis the international security stage without resorting to guns it has chosen a strategy that attempts to shift the security debate from war and conflict solution to peace and conflict prevention. Brazil's increased international focus on connecting security to development is used as a case study. While it is not the only country to call attention to a strong interdependency between development and security it is in a unique situation to reap benefits from a deeper focus on this connection, as the context allows an easier claim to have a legitimate and strong voice in this particular debate. The analysis is based primarily upon official documents and speeches as well as academic materials originally published in Portuguese.
The Brazilian foreign policy and the hemispheric security
Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad, 2006
This article analyses the recent evolution of Brazilian Foreign Policy, mainly its security aspects. The security issues were repositioned within the Brazil's international agenda and have acquired new format during the 1990's, particularly related to the Brazil's strategy to build its South American leadership. Both, the September 11 th attacks and Luis Inácio Lula Da Silva election in 2002, have strengthened the previous tendencies, and haven't produced significant changes. Two factors are crucial to this process: a) MERCOSUR impact on the regional geopolitical accommodation and b) the recent Brazil's policies toward Amazon region increasing its presence and political actions.
Brazilian Foreign Policy and Human Rights: Change and Continuity under Dilma
This article evaluates the degree of policy change and continuity at the intersection of human rights and foreign policy in the early period of the Dilma Rousseff administration in Brazil. The smooth character of succession of power in Brazil that Dilma’s election represented suggests significant policy continuity with her immediate predecessor Luis Inácio Lula da Silva. In the area of human rights, however, there have been some early indications of policy shifts. Four particularly salient dimensions of both change and continuity in the areas of human rights and foreign policy are examined: (i) Brazil’s role as an advocate for global governance reforms; (ii) its efforts to foster South-South relations; (iii) the character of Brazil’s power projection; and (iv) its regional leadership role. The article also evaluates the emergence of Brazil as a pivotal player in global governance and assesses the implications for the engagement with international human rights by Brazilian foreign policy. Brazil will have to manage increasing expectations that the country should play a more active and forceful role in shaping the development of the international human rights regime.
The Politics of Brazilian Foreign Policy and Its Analytical Challenges
Foreign Policy Analysis, 2016
Starting from the perspective that foreign policy is a public policy, this article discusses the conceptual and political implications of the new configuration of Brazilian foreign policy. Therefore, we abandon its automatic association with the cruder versions of realism and bring it to the field of politics, thus recognizing that its formulation and implementation fall into the dynamics of governmental choices which, in turn, stem from negotiations within coalitions, bargaining, disputes, and agreements between representatives of diverse interests. As a result, we remove foreign policy from a condition linked to inertial and supposedly self-evident and/or permanent national interests (which would be protected from injunctions of cyclical nature related to partisan politics) and undress it of features generally attributed to so-called state policies. Finally, we suggest ways for an innovative research agenda on the role of diplomatic agency, political institutions, and nonstate actors in Brazil's foreign policy. It used to be common among foreign policy analysts both from academia and from the media to ascribe the sources of Brazilian foreign policy mainly to a single agency. The main responsibility for Brazilian foreign policy making was generally attributed to either an individual (generally, the President or the Foreign Minister) or an institution (the Foreign Ministry, best known as Itamaraty). The reasons for this are well known: On the one hand, Brazilian presidentialism concentrates too much agency in the president's hands (Abranches 1988), giving him/her, when particularly attentive to foreign policy issues, a great latitude for action. On the other hand, the long-standing professionalism of Brazilian
Brazilian Foreign Policy Under Lula: from non-intervention to non-indifference
This article examines how the foreign policy of the Lula administration adopted a different stance from Brazilian diplomatic tradition on the principle of non-intervention. The sovereignty concept that arouse from the Treaties of Westphalia was re-signified due the difficulties experienced by humanitarian institutions and countries. Non-indifference emerged in the African Union's treaty, and afterwards Brazilian official discourse adopted the expression as a legitimate instrument that would allow the Planalto Palace to intervene in domestic affairs of other states. However, the Brazilian government never established criteria for its applicability, which resulted in different attitudes in similar junctures. The article highlights the inconsistencies of this new trend in Brazilian diplomacy, taking the Brazilian engagement in Haiti as case study.
Brazil is important for the present and future development of international human rights. Yet, any immediate expectations that the country will emerge as an active promoter of human rights internationally are likely to remain unfulfilled. Indeed, Brazil’s distinctiveness, both in terms of its domestic human rights record, and in terms of its historical relationship with the international human rights regime, means that the country is likely to impact on debates on the meaning and nature of human rights in the decades to come. From its membership in the so-called BRICS to its leadership role in the exclusive club of G20 countries, Brazil has indeed emerged as a pivotal player in global governance. There are also a host of domestic processes of change that have projected Brazil abroad. From Brazilian companies with mining interests in Africa, increased diplomatic activities and collaborations through various country constellations (IBSA, BRICS), through to its significant soft power projection, Brazil’s international profile is more varied and extensive than ever before. Much of the international interest in Brazil in recent years reflects a widespread view that the country matters for the outside world. The very active foreign policy agenda pursued by former president Lula da Silva raised Brazil’s international profile. And, although current president Dilma Rousseff has increasingly turned inward over the course of her administration the image of a ‘rising’ Brazil remains prevalent. It is of course not the first time that outside observers have had high expectations on Brazil. But what may be most striking in the current conjuncture is that these are increasingly matched by domestic expectations in Brazil that the country should take its rightful place in elite international fora. Whether these expectations are likely to be fulfilled is a matter of dispute. For many international observers, particularly in the financial press, the recent sluggish performance of the Brazilian economy raises significant doubts. For other even more hardnosed observers, Brazil’s limited military might, its hard power, seriously questions the capacity of Brazil to play any influential role on the global scene. Brazil remains a moderate military power, and will do so for the foreseeable future. Still, whether Brazil is actually rising – however one may measure it – is at least partly distinct from the international perceptions of and expectations on the country’s rise. It may not be quite as simple as this, but as long as these perceptions and expectations persist, Brazil will continue its ascent. Important questions remain unanswered however, regarding Brazil, the character, meaning and direction of its rise. In this short article the aim is to assess, on the one hand, the considerable hopes that many have invested in Brazil, but also, on the other hand, to illustrate the many uncertainties that accompany Brazil’s foreign policy in general and with regards to the promotion of human rights abroad in particular.
As Relações Bilaterais Brasil-Estados Unidos No Governo Dilma Rousseff, 2011-2014
AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations, 2015
The goal of the article is to present an analysis of Brazil-U.S. relations during Dilma Rousseff's government from 2011 till 2014, by considering the evolution of Brazil´s foreign policy on the 21st century. The political, strategic and economic components, as well as the opportunities and crossroads of these relations, are examined in the regional and global context.