Optimized Supercritical CO2 Extraction Enhances the Recovery of Valuable Lipophilic Antioxidants and Other Constituents from Dual-Purpose Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Variety Ella (original) (raw)
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A great variety of natural plants provide an important source of bioactive compounds having interesting applications in sensitive fields like food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, particularly with the development of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Therefore the present study focused on the study of this technique to extract valuable bioactive substances from seeds of a local natural plant known as Peganum harmala. The properties of the extracts were also considered, particularly insisting on the antioxidant activity potential. The extraction yield was optimized and the corresponding operating conditions were determined. A Box-Behnken statistical design was used to investigate the effect of operating parameters like pressure, temperature and particle size at a fixed supercritical CO 2 flow rate of 50 g min − 1 for an extraction time of 180 min. Furthermore, the total antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was assessed using the 2, 2diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method whereas the Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization of process key parameters. The highest extraction yield was achieved at a pressure of 300 bar, a temperature of 55 • C and a particle size of 0.3 mm. A maximum total phenolic content (TPC) and a 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50) of 79.04 mg GAE/g E and 172.199 μg/mL, respectively were obtained at 100 bar and 35 • C for a particle size of 0.9 mm, whereas a total flavonoid content of 7.10 mg QE/g E was obtained still at 35 • C and for a particle size of 0.9 mm but at a pressure of 170.7 bar. Finally supercritical CO 2 extraction showed to be an efficient technology, creating an added value through bioactive compounds with targeted properties like the antioxidant activity.
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Andrographis paniculata Nees has been extensively used for traditional medicine and help against fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, inflammation, and sore throat. In this study, andrographolide, the main component of this plant was extracted from the leaves of A. paniculata using supercritical carbon dioxide. The operating pressures were varied from 7.50 to 20MPa, the temperatures were varied from 30℃ to 60℃, and the flow rates were varied from 0.5 to 4ml·min -1 . The best extraction condition occurred at 10MPa, 40℃, and a flow rate of 2ml·min -1 for a 3g sample of A. paniculata ground-dried leaves. The measured extraction rate was found to be about 0.0174g of andrographolide per gram of andrographolide present in the leaves per hour of operation. The future studies must focus on the interaction between the various operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide.
Molecules
With everyday advances in the field of pharmaceuticals, medicinal plants have high priority regarding the introduction of novel synthetic compounds by the usage of environmentally friendly extraction technologies. Herein, a supercritical CO2 extraction method was implemented in the analysis of four plants (chamomile, St. John’s wort, yarrow, and curry plant) after which the non-targeted analysis of the chemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The extraction yield was the highest for the chamomile (5%), while moderate yields were obtained for the other three plants. The chemical composition analyzed by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) demonstrated extraction of diverse compounds including terpenes and terpenoids, fatty acids, flavonoids and coumarins, functionalized phytosterols, and polyphenols. Voltammetry of microfilm immobilized on a glassy ca...
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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has increasingly gained attention as an alternative technique for extraction of natural products without leaving toxic residues in extracts.Antidesma thwaitesianumMuell. Arg. (Phyllanthaceae), or ma mao, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant health benefits due to its phenolic constituents. To determine whether SFE technique could impact on phenolic contents and associated antioxidant potentials, ripe fruits ofAntidesma thwaitesianum(Phyllanthaceae) were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and conventional solvents (ethanol, water). The results showed that the SC-CO2extract contained significantly higher yield, total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents than those obtained from ethanol and water. It also demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activities as assessed by ABTS radical cation decolorization, DPPH radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Further analysis using high-perfo...
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This work investigates the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction of hops with a variety of solvents including carbon dioxide (CO2), propane, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and dimethyl ether (DME) at various densities (low-density and high-density). Operating parameters were 50 bar, 100 bar and 150 bar and 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C for all solvents, respectively. The influence of process parameters on the total yield of extraction and content of bitter acids in the extracts has been investigated. The mathematical model based on Fick’s second law well described the experimental extraction results. Furthermore, HPLC analysis has been used to determine α- and β-acids in extracts. The yield of bitter compounds in hop extracts was largely influenced by the type of solvent, the temperature and pressure applied during extraction. The results show that CO2 and propane were roughly equivalent to DME in solvating power, while SF6 was a poor solvent at the same conditions. The highest y...
Separation Science and Technology, 2014
The extraction of biologically active compounds from eggplant pulp by modified supercritical CO 2 extraction was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity by assessing the pressure, temperature, and cosolvent percentage. The results demonstrated that the maximum phenolic content (3,530.79 mg CAE/100 g extract) and antioxidant capacity (4,593.22 µmol TE/g extract) were observed at 56.8 • C, 280 bar, and 1.22% of ethanol and were higher than those obtained by conventional solvent extraction. Four phenolic acids were identified in the supercritical extracts and not in the conventional extracts using HPLC-DAD analysis, suggesting that modified supercritical CO 2 extraction is more efficient and selective.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2017
Six medicinal plants Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don, Angelica archangelica L., Lavandula officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Melilotus officinalis L., and Ruta graveolens L. were used. The aim of the study was to compare their extracts obtained by Soxhlet (hexane) extraction, maceration with ethanol (EtOH), and supercritical CO₂ extraction (SC-CO₂) targeted on coumarin content (by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, HPLC-UV), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging capacity, and total phenols (TPs) content (by Folin-Ciocalteu assay). The highest extraction yields were obtained by EtOH, followed by hexane and SC-CO₂. The highest coumarin content (316.37 mg/100 g) was found in M. officinalis EtOH extracts, but its SC-CO₂ extraction yield was very low for further investigation. Coumarin was also found in SC-CO₂ extracts of S. officinalis, R. graveolens, A. archangelica, and L. officinalis. EtOH extracts of all plants exhibited the h...
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction investigated as a green technology for the extraction of antioxi-dant compounds from Crocus sativus petals. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (40-80 • C), extraction time (20-60 min), and extraction pressure (90-180 bar). Optimization process using response surface methodology carried out and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. The optimum conditions of extraction were estimated to be temperature of 62 • C, time of 47 min and pressure of 164 bar. Extraction using these optimized conditions achieved the best total phenolic content (1423 mg/100 g), total flavonoid content (180 mg/100 g), total anthocyanin content (103.4 mg/100 g), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity (74.5%) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power value (3.9 mM). The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus representing fitness of the model employed and the success of BBD in optimizing the extraction conditions. Principal components analysis (PCA) provided a better understanding of interactions between characteristics of extracted antioxidants.
Acta Horticulture , 2015
We investigated the potential of wild hop and determined the effects of different solvent extractions on quality and quantity of hop extracts. Three different solvents-aqueous-ethanol (75%), methanol and acetone-were applied to elicit the secondary metabolites of Humulus lupulus L. cones by automatic Soxhlet system, and extraction yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity were compared. The antioxidant activity tests, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, were used to analyze the antioxidant capacity of extracts. The crude extract obtained by aqueous-ethanol, methanol and acetone extraction were 98.65±5.2, 61.39±3.25, 69.28±4.1 mg g-1 dry matter, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the total flavonoid content (TFC) of aqueous extracts exhibited the highest values. Also the antioxidant activity of extracts was different: the acetone extract had the highest value of IC50 in the DPPH test, while the methanol extract has the highest antioxidant activity (1.79±0.25 mM Fe 2+ g-1) in the FRAP test, and the best result of percent inhibitors of ABTS (58.12±0.48) was observed for the aqueous-ethanol extract. In addition, ABTS value in aqueous-ethanol extract was 6.45±0.33 mmol Trolox equivalent g-1 sample, significantly higher than others. No significant correlation was found among antioxidant measurement methods. Overall, 75% ethanol is suggested for the extraction of phenolic compounds from hop flowers due to its polarization diversity. Finally, the wild hop flowers have high antioxidant activity and a remarkable amount of phenolic compounds. They could be applied in food industries as a rich source of antioxidant activity. Characterization of the genetic diversity of wild hops is underway.