System Studies of the Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Electrical Distribution Grids (original) (raw)
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Effect of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters on Successful Interruption of Circuit Breakers
Renewable Energy and Power Quality
The penetration of DG systems in distribution systems can result in the increase of the short circuit current level. The application of the fault current limiter (FCL) would not only decrease the stress on network devices, but also can offer a connection to improve the reliability of the power system. There are various types of FCLs, which are made of different superconducting materials and have different designs. There are several kinds of SFCLs, which can be classified in three types such as the resistive type, the inductive type and bridge type SFCL. In this paper, the transient recovery voltage (TRV) analysis, based on the electromagnetic transient program (EMTP), is used to investigate the behavior of the each three types SFCL installed in an electrical distribution grid. Simulation results show that the TRV can be damped in the presence of the resistive and bridge type SFCL during fault clearing period.
A Fault Current Limiter Circuit to Improve Transient Stability in Power System
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2016
Short circuit current limitation in distribution system utilities can be an operational approach to improve power quality, since the estimated voltage sag amplitude during faults may be intensely reduced. The application of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is projected here to limit the fault current that occurs in power system. SFCL utilizes superconductors to instantaneously decrease the unanticipated electrical surges that happen on utility distribution and power transmission networks. SFCL considerably decrease the economic burden on the utilities by reducing the wear on circuit breakers and protecting other expensive equipment. The designed SFCL model is used for determining an impedance level of SFCL according to the fault current limitation necessities of different types of the smart grid system. The representation of this paper about to see the optimum resistive value of SFCL for enhancing the transient stability of a power system. The assessment of optimal resis...
Effect of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter on Short Line Faults
2017
The fault currents at substation buses increase due capacity addition and relieving of transmission bottlenecks. In some cases significant changes are observed to warrant remedial actions like breaker upgrades or installation of additional equipment. In order to defer investments utilities are exploring use of superconducting fault current limiters (SCFCL) and current limiting reactors (CLR). A superconducting fault current limiter uses material properties to rapidly transition from low to high resistance state when current through it exceeds a critical value thus commutating current into a shunt path. The SCFCL can be built with either resistive or inductive shunts. Also, it might be possible to include a recovery switch in series with the superconducting element. The paper analyzes the impact of SCFCL on the short line fault (SLF) capability of the circuit breaker. More specifically the effect of the choice of shunt (inductive or resistive) and stray capacitance on the SLF are inv...
Fault limiting technology trials in distribution networks
IET Conference Publications, 2009
A consortium comprising Applied Superconductor Limited (ASL) and three Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) will deploy three pilot superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) in UK electricity distribution networks. The SFCL sub-systems are based on BSCCO superconducting components and are designed and produced by Nexans SuperConductor (NSC) in Hürth, Germany.
Mitigating Faults Effects on Equipment and Personnel on Substations
NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2023
Faults occur in substations and the effects of these faults range from damage of electrical equipment connected to the substation to electrocution of personnel operating the substations. When protective devices fail in their operations after fault occur, mitigating the fault effects can be the only option of saving the lives of the personnel and equipment around the fault location in the substation. A balanced three phase fault, line-to-ground (LG) fault, line-to-line (LL) fault and double line to ground (LLG) fault at the primary and secondary of the respective transformers in the 80 MVA 132/33 kV Ohia Transmission substation were simulated in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). Ranges of fault current flow into the bus of the primary of the respective transformer causing corresponding arc flash energy in calories/cm2, arc flash boundary in centimeters and arc flash distance in centimeters, appropriate recommendations of respective levels of radiating personnel protective equipment (PPE) amongst levels A, B, and D based on the results were made in accordance with National Fire Protection Association (NPFA) 70E2009/2012. The results recorded show the highest fault current flow of 451.01 kA in the primary of the second transformer as a result a three-phase fault and LG fault causing 8.962 cal/cm2 energy to radiate within an arc flash boundary of 76.50 cm (2.51 ft.) given an arc flash distance of 9.75 cm (3.840 inches) and a corresponding choice level D PPE. Further mitigation of the faults effects can be done with a well-designed earth grid with touch potential of 797.7 volts, step potential of 938.5 volts and earth resistance of 2.9 ohms all being within the IEEE tolerable range. Mitigating faults effects can also be achieved using a well-designed fault current limiter (FCL) with normal operating condition of negligible impedance and maximum impedance during fault as 70 ohms and 1200 ohms respectively for the secondary sides of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL).
A Novel 110KV Fault Current Limiter for Improving The Reliability of A Substation
In this paper, superconducting fault current limiter (FCL) is used as a novel technology for reducing the high fault currents and enhancing the security of 110kV substation. The model of 110kV substation is developed using the Matlab simulation program. The model is used to study at normal condition and short circuit analysis with the Matlab software. In the model of the FCL its major components, operation control algorithm, sequence of events and fault detection techniques are developed. The reduction of the fault currents are studied at the buses of suspected high fault currents by installing the FCL. The waveform obtained is for with and without FCL and comparison is done for the result. The transmission line is considered for the fault analysis using Fault Current Limiter with and without. The simulation results obtained have demonstrated the effectiveness of FCL in improving the system performance, reliability and security.
A SUPER CONDUCTOR FAULT CURRENT LIMITER FOR GRID CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
TJPRC, 2013
A superconducting fault current limiter is a device that uses superconductors to instantaneously limit or reduce unanticipated electrical surges that may occur on utility distribution and transmission networks. When an unplanned event, such as lightning or downed power lines, occurs, a large surge of power can be sent through the grid resulting in a fault. Serious faults can generate surge currents more than one hundred times the normal operating currents. These faults can result in damage to expensive grid-connected equipment. SFCL's eliminate or greatly reduce the financial burden on the utilities by reducing the wear on circuit breakers and protecting other expensive equipment. Utilities can reduce or eliminate the cost of circuit breakers and fuses by installing SFCL. At the same time, these allow utilities to avoid or delay upgrading existing circuit breakers and electrical substations to handle ever higher electrical surges. Fault currents in transformers, for instance, can run 10-20 times the steady state design current. SFCL can reduce these fault currents to levels not exceeding 3-5 times the steady state current, protecting and extending the life of transformers and associated utility equipment. As for a dispersed energy resource, 10 MVA wind farm was considered for the simulation. Three phase faults have been simulated at different locations in smart grid and the effect of the SFCL and its location on the wind farm fault current was evaluated. Two wind farms were considered and their performance is also evaluated. Consequently, the optimum arrangement of the SFCL location in Smart Grid with renewable resources has been proposed and its remarkable performance has been suggested
760: 761: 762: 763: The IASTED 2012 African Conferences, 2012
This paper presents the improvement of the protectionof Power Distribution Networks (PDNs)when power transformers and electric motors are protected only with Fault Current Limiting Devices (FCLDs). In assessing the state of the PDNs from normal topost-fault conditions, objective comparisons are made between two types of results taking into account whenthere is not presence of FCLDs andwhen FCLDsare used as protection systemduring abnormal conditions. The approach to this study isperformed using Matlab/Simulink and it was concluded that the FCLDsperfectly enhance the protection of expensive equipment in the PDN.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/fault-current-and-overvoltage-limitation-in-a-distribution-network-with-distributed-generation-units-through-superconducting-fault-current-limiter https://www.ijert.org/research/fault-current-and-overvoltage-limitation-in-a-distribution-network-with-distributed-generation-units-through-superconducting-fault-current-limiter-IJERTV3IS111357.pdf Electricity is the driving force behind the industry and subsequently economy. The introduction of DG into a distribution network may bring lots of advantages, such as emergency backup and peak shaving. The presence of these sources will lead the distribution network to loss its radial nature and the fault current level will increase. The SFCL is composed of an air-core superconducting transformer and a PWM converter. The SFCL equivalent impedance can be regulated for current limitation and possible overvoltage suppression. The SFCL restraining the fault current and overvoltage, and it can be avoiding damage on the relevant distribution equipment and improve the system safety and reliability. The effects of SFCL studied through theoretical derivation and simulation.
Improving Transient Recovery voltage of circuit breaker using Fault Current Limiter
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2012
This study investigates influence of Fault Current Limiter (FCL) on short-circuits current level of substation bus bar splitter circuit breaker and its TRV. An approach for TRV evaluation is developed and applied for proposed power system as shown in this study. FCL circuit is connected to the power system in order to limit TRV. The limiter circuit consists of two equal windings which are turned around unique magnetic core. One of the windings is connected in series with the power system network and the other is connected to the network via series capacitor and power electronic switches. During normal operating condition, both tyristors are in on state and current of the primary and secondary windings are equal. This causes zero impedance of the limiter. During fault, faults current cause the power electronic switch to turn off which increases the limiter impedance. By increasing the limiter impedance, amplitude of TRV decreases substantially. The novel method presented in this study is a cheap and successful scheme.