A Gamma Spectrometeric Analysis and Radium Equivalent Activity Index of Water in Abak, Nigeria: A Baseline Survey (original) (raw)
Related papers
Radionuclide ConcentrationS in Different Water Sources From Nigeria
Health Physics, 2019
Gamma spectrometric analysis was done on all the different sources of water samples in the rural communities of Egbeda Local Government Area of Oyo State in Nigeria. Water samples were collected from 6 boreholes, 11 streams, 5 taps, and 41 hand-dug wells. The water samples were analyzed using a high-purity germanium detector at the National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research, Ibadan, Nigeria. Radionuclides found in the water samples include 40 K, 232 Th, and 238 U. The average amount of 40 K found in the borehole, stream, tap, and well water is 3.22, 2.23, 2.11, and 1.77 Bq L −1 , respectively. The average amount of 232 Th found in the borehole, stream, tap, and well water is 0.57, 0.46, 0.47, and 0.55 Bq L −1 , respectively. The average amount of 238 U found in the borehole, stream, tap, and well water is 0.54, 0.27, 0.29, and 0.61 Bq L −1 , respectively. The annual effective doses calculated from radionuclides in the water are 0.11, 0.09, 0.09, and 0.11 mSv for borehole, stream, tap, and well, respectively.
Radiation Hazard Indices due to Intake of Radionuclides in Drinking Water in Gombe, Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics
The water samples collected from local boreholes in Gombe metropolis, Nigeria have been evaluated for radiation hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). The samples were evaporated to dryness and obtained the residues which were later counted for gross alpha and beta activity using EURISYS MEASURE IN20 low Background multiple (eight) channels alpha and beta detector. It is a gas flow proportional counter. The mean activity obtained were 1.03 and 18.69 Bq/l for gross alpha and beta respectively. The radiation hazard indices and excess lifetime cancer risk due to intake of alpha radionuclides were computed and their mean values are 0.00027 mSv/yr, 0.00017 mSv/yr and 0.00094 for annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) and ELCR respectively while beta emitting radionuclides had the mean of 0.00489 mSv/yr, 0.06106 mSv/yr and 0.0171 for AEDE, AGED and ELCR respectively. Even though, the computed radiation hazard indices were less than the maximum permissible limit, care need to be taken to prevent excess accumulation of doses over time. Therefore, it could be concluded that further studies need to be carried out to ensure the safety of the general public in the sampling regions.
Assessment of Natural Radionuclides Levels in Drinking Water from Ogun State, Nigeria
Jurnal Teknologi, 2016
Naturally occurring radionuclides levels of 238U, 232Th and 40K were investigated in the water samples collected at different boreholes in all the local government of Ogun State using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector (Canberra Industries Inc.). The activity concentrations measured from the water samples ranged from 0.06 to 1.37 Bq l-1 for 238U, 0.15 to 0.52 Bq l-1 for 232Th and 1.35 to 12.74 Bq l-1 for 40K. The measured activities concentrations for 238U, 232Th and 40K along with their ingested dose conversion factors were used to estimate the annual effective doses in accordance with International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) based on age groups 0 -1y, 1 – 2y, 2 – 7y, 7 – 12y, 12 – 17y and >17y for water consumption. The total annual effective doses calculated varied from 0.004 to 0.517, 0.002 to 0.092, 0.001 to 0.078, 0.001 to 0.076, 0.024 to 0.110 and 0.002 to 0.117 for the age groups accordingly. The physiochemical results showed that 85% of the water was...
Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2010
Water samples from streams, hand-dug wells and boreholes in high background radiation areas in Abeokuta, Nigeria have been collected in order to determine the activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th in the samples as well as their physicochemical characteristics. These parameters were evaluated in order to determine the quality of these water sources to the local population, who use these water resources for drinking and domestic activities. Measurements of radioactivity in the water samples were carried out using γ-ray spectroscopy, while standard chemistry methods were used for the physicochemical determinations of these quality parameters. A total of fourteen representative water samples from streams (7), boreholes (4), and hand dug wells (3) were collected for study. The determined activity concentrations of the radionuclides in these samples were used to calculate the effective dose to the population from due to ingestion of and drinking the locally available water. The total annual ingestion effective doses were found to vary between 115.00 ± 1.15µSv and 1362.30 ± 438.02 µSv. The physicochemical parameters where found to be lower than the prescribed standard safe limits in the water sources except for the nitrate and phosphate levels which were particularly high in the water samples from boreholes and hand-dug wells. The radiation effective ingestion dose due to ingestion of water from dug wells and streams was found to be higher than the dose due to ingestion of water from borehole sources in the studied areas. The results obtained in this study, have been taken as a baselines for physicochemical parameters and activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in water samples within Odeda and Obafemi-owode parts of Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1999
The average concentrations of radionuclides in the various types of community water supplies of the Ife-Central and Ife-East Local Government areas with a population of 200 000 people were estimated from the measurements of mean specific activity using a well-calibrated Canberra vertical coaxial high-purity germanium detector system. Water samples were collected from dam, streams, boreholes, wells, tap water, etc., being the most frequently used water sources in the study area. The radionuclides observed with reliable regularity belonged to the seriesdecay naturally occurring radionuclides headed by U and Th as well as the non-series nuclide, K. The average specific activity values obtained for Ra, Ra and K, respectively, were 8.67$4.28, 2.31$1.48 and 98.99$6.23 Bq l\ for well water;
Radioactivity in some sachet drinking water samples produced in Nigeria
Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 2009
Activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra and 228 Ra were measured in some sachet drinking water samples produced in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The measurement was done by using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector (Canberra Industries Inc.). The measured activity concentrations for 226 Ra (U-series) and 228 Ra (Thseries) were used with their ingested dose conversion factors to estimate annual effective doses for the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) age groups 0-1y, 1-2y, 2-7y, 7-12y, 12-17y and >17y from consumption of the water samples. Results: Measured activity concentration values varied from 0.57±0.21 to 34.08±5.61 Bq l-1 , 2.22±0.97 to 15.50±4.51 Bq l-1 and 0.04±0.01 to 7.04±1.16 Bq l-1 for the radionuclides respectively. Estimated total annual effective doses varied from 4.73 to 49.13, 1.21 to 12.26, 0.86 to 8.54, 1.22 to 11.66, 3.40 to 28.98 and 0.68 to 5.04 mSv y-1 for the age groups respectively. The highest total annual effective dose was found in Tisco sample while the lowest was found in Focar sample. Conclusion: The total annual effective dose in all samples considerably exceeded the average worldwide ingestion exposure dose value of 0.12 mSv y-1 from uranium and thorium series reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiations (UNSCEAR). Therefore the Nigeria populace is advised to consume less of these water samples. Iran. J.
2014
An assessment of the natural radioactivity in sachet drinking-water samples in Ilorin, Nigeria has been carried out. Gamma-ray spectroscopic analysis of the samples revealed the presence of 40 K, 226 Ra and 228 Ra radionuclides in high proportions. The activity concentration values range from 174.20 ± 34.19 to 376.02 ± 65.03 Bq l -1 , 9.36±2.87 to 22.52±6.20 Bq l -1 and 9.85±3.88 to 23.88±7.47 Bq l -1 for 40 K, 226 Ra and 228 Ra respectively. The derived annual effective dose received by the population as a result of the ingestion of 40 K was found to range from 0.39±0.08 to 0.85±0.15 mSv y -1 , 0.96±0.38 to 2.30±0.63 mSv y -1 for 226 Ra and 2.48±0.98 to 6.01±1.88 mSv y -1 for 228 Ra. Consequently, the effective dose received as a result of the combined ingestion of 226 Ra and 228 Ra was found to range from 1.27 to 2.32 mSv y -1 . These contributions of both 226 Ra and 228 Ra activities to the committed effective dose from a year's consumption of the drinking-water are higher th...
Measurement of radioactivity in water of Zobe Dam Dutsinma, Katsina State, Northern Nigeria
2014
The gross alpha and beta radioactivity of water samples were measured using proportional gas counter. The result show that the gross alpha and beta radioactivity in water samples is higher than the maximum contaminant levels of 0.1 and 1.0 Bq/L set by World Health Organization (WHO). The range of the measured alpha activity was found to be between BDL to 9.547±0.37 Bq/L with mean of 6.18±0.30 Bq/L. Also the beta activity was measured between BDL to12.119±0.46 Bq/L with mean of 8.332±0.44 Bq/L. Due to the high results obtained from the gross alpha and beta measurement, therefore there is need for further screening for radioactivity from the water because continues drinking may pose serious health side effects to the public users.
The distribution of natural gamma ray emitting 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K radionuclides in River sediments along Imo river in Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out using NaI (TI) gamma ray spectrometric technique. The mean activity concentration of radionuclides 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K were 187.12 Bq kg -1 , 38.62 Bq kg -1 and 180.59 Bq kg -1 respectively. Correlations made among these radionuclides prove the existence of secular equilibrium in the studied sediments. The total average absorbed dose rate in this study is 113.58 ± 7.62 nGyh -1 , whereas the annual effective dose rate (outdoor and indoor) are 139.29 µSvy -1 and 557.16 µSvy -1 The mean activity concentrations of measured radionuclides were compared with other literature values. The ratios between the detected radioisotopes have been calculated for spatial distribution of natural radionuclides in the studied area. . Also the radiological hazard of the natural radionuclide content, radium equivalent Raeq, radiation hazard indices ( H ex , H in ), gamma radiation representative level, annual gonadal equivalent dose and excess lifetime cancer risk of the sediment samples were calculated. Multivariante statistical analysis (pearson correlation, cluster and factor analysis) were carried out between the parameters obtained from radioactivity to know the existing relations.
2016
March-April RADIOLOGICAL RISKS OF RADIUM-226 ON GROUNDWATER BASEDDRINKING IN KUBWA AND GOSA AREA OF ABUJA , NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA a,b Omeje Maxwell, b Husin Wagiran, a Emmanuel S. Joel, a Adewoyin, Olusegun, a Kayode Olusola a Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B. Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malayisa :: Corresponding author’s e-mail address maxwell.omeje@covenantuniversity.edu.ng ABSTRACT: The radiological risks associated with radium-226 in groundwater samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean annual effective dose from the natural radionuclide of radium-226 ( 226 R) was estimated to be 2.2 x 10 ‒5 mSv. In the groundwater samples, Lifetime average daily dose (LADD) ranged from 1 x 10 ‒3 to 2 x 10 ‒3 μg kg ‒1 day ‒1 . The LADDs and the highest cancer mortality risk was found at Kubwa borehole with a v...