Transformation of Czech cultural landscapes over the past two centuries: typology based on model areas (original) (raw)
Related papers
Land
Changes in the cultural landscape provide essential evidence about the manner and intensity of the interactions between humans and nature. Czechia has a specific location in Central Europe. It is positioned at the crossroads of European landscape changes. These changes can be documented based on a unique database that shows the development of land use since the middle of the 19th century. In this study, we aimed to address the major processes of landscape change that occurred during four periods over the past 165 years, at the cadastral level on the territory of present-day Czechia. Further we identify and discuss proximate and underlying driving forces of the landscape changes. We used land use data from the year 1845, 1896, 1948, 1990, and 2010 that correspond to key events in Czech history. The major processes and intensity of landscape change were evaluated based on calculations of increases and decreases in land use classes between the first and last year of each examined perio...
Czechia: Changes in landscape use in the transformation period
This article analyzes processes of land use changes realized in transformational period after 1990 in Czechia. Land use Czechia database is a source having six time horizons for almost 9000 cadasters or joined cadasters covering all territory of Czechia. Time horizons give us chance to compare trends of land use changes among them -1845, 1896, 1948, 1990, 2000 and 2010. This article uses mainly data form 1990 and 2010. In this period we observed relatively huge increase of grassland (meadows and pastures) influenced by abolishing of socialist support of agriculture shortly after 1990 and following decrease of agricultural intensity. We are concerned also on the regional trends in land use structure changes in Czechia. We used special methods (index of change, typology of change, main landscape change prepared earlier by Slovenian authors: Kladnik, Gabrovec, Petek). Transformational changes in land use show continuation of earlier started trends but in different intensity and shorter time. Main driving forces are differential land rent I, II. Main regional differences are visible between lowlands and regions of higher altitude, in lower level plays important role distance from main core regions and main axis of social economic development. There is important long term creation of special typological regions of specific land use structure and also its development. This process is influenced by new functions given to different parts of landscape in modernization of Society in last two centuries.
The changing face of the Czech rural landscape
Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995
Land use and landscape structure changes were investigated using the ex ample of an agriculturallandscape in central Bohemia. Attention was paid particularly to the great changes which occurred during the 40 years of socialist collectivism. The analysis oflandscape development shows that statistics about land use can give only general information about landscape macrostructure and cannot provide a perfect idea of the actual spatial composition oflandscape elements. Landscape microstructure expressed in spatial arrangements, shape, size, quality and connectivity of patches, lines and small interactive elements plays the main role in landscape dynamics and is the principal influence in landscape stability.
Land use and landscape changes in Czechia during the period of transition 1990–2007
Geografie
The article analyzes land use changes and their influence on landscape development in Czechia during the complex period of transition after 1990 to a democratic system with a capitalist economy. To analyze the database of cadastral data on land use of about 13,000 comparable basic territorial units (CTU) and their regional differentiation the typology method (the establishment of types of changes in CTUs and their portion of all CTUs) was used above all. At the same time tables follow the periods which formed over the long-term the preceding land use situation in Czechia at the start of the transition (1845–1948 and 1948–1990). Ascertained changes and trends in land use changes are then interpreted on the basis of searching out and explaining the main political, economic and social factors (or societal driving forces) that caused them. Their interaction with natural conditions is taken into account as well.
This investigation was carried out to demontrate the usefulness of landscape metrics as information source to inform in a quantified way on the diverse shaped landscape of Waldviertel's (A) and Trebon Basin's (CZ) transboundary EUROREGION Silva Nortica (German: Nordwald). Landscape has been shaped over centuries by different political systems with respective landscape management policies and agricultural practices, implemented by using different technological tools, what at the end lead to the diverse face of the landscape what we are looking at today. The landscape metrics were calculated on vector maps derived from a pixel-based classification, based on a Landsat scene from year 2002. A semantical approach was used instead of correlation and factor analysis to select a set of structural indices suitable for the quantitative assessment. The study area was devided into subregions using the formerly tightly closed border to divide the Czech from the Austrian part. The landsca...
Historical monitoring of Czech rural landscapes
Historical monitoring of Czech rural landscapes
The historic development of Czech rural landscape during ancient times, the Middle Ages and 20 th Century was studied to understand human dimensions of landscape changes. A list of important historical, political and economical issues is given to understand the main driving forces of land-use changes. The table summarizes historical development of land use structure for the years 1845, 1897, 1948 and 1990 (Agricultural land: arable land, permanent cultures, meadows, pastures; Forested land; Water; Built-up, other). Information from different historic documents in the Czech Republic for study of landscape changes was used: 1) Statistical data; 2) Maps; 3) Remote Sensing; 4) CORINE Land Cover Program; 5) Euro-Landscapes-Application of remote sensing and GIS-based methods and geo-spatial data. Based on the evaluation of historic development of land-use, political and economical driving forces, current situation and possible future alternatives, scenarios for rural landscape development were elaborated: 1) Productive Rural Landscape; 2) Protected Rural landscape (Typical); 3) Sustainable Rural Landscape, 4) Abandoned Rural Landscape.
Ekologia, 2011
Contribution is aimed at the assessment of landscape heterogeneity by a grid approach, which is based on the monitoring of the occurrence of land cover classes in the individual squares and on the statistical-spatial analysis of the acquired data. Model region comprises cadastral areas of Hlinné, Vyšný Žipov and Zlatník village. They are situated at the contact zone of two genetically distinct entities: Panónska panva basin and the Carpathians. It is a markedly heterogenous area, which has undergone considerable changes from the aspect of landscape heterogeneity development, particularly under the influence of collectivisation of agricultural production, industrialisation, development of communication networks and with that connected rise of built-up areas. The agriculture of the area and also land use since 1826 has undergone considerable changes. There are agrarian terraces and ramparts, the oldest relics of the agricultural land use, which remained after farming on small fields, respectively plots. From an analysis of historical sources and results of field research can be concluded that the landscape preserved this character till early 50-ties of the 20 th century. The formation of agricultural cooperatives in the region and with this related intensification of agricultural production led to the disappearance of agrarian terraces and ramparts on the one side by inclusion of them into forest communities in areas with higher slope. The agrarian terraces and ramparts have been preserved only in areas with the most exposed slope at the foothills of Slanské vrchy Mts in Zlatník and Vyšný Žipov in Beskydské predhorie hilly-land. Our presented methodology appears appropriate for evaluation of the heterogeneity of other rural landscape with occurrence of historical landscape structures not only in Central Europe.
Landscape mapping and typology in the Czech Republic
�he Czech tradition of landscape �ap co�pilation is �ore than 100 years long and developed itself in a close links to the progress in the world presented in a brief overview in the paper. Landscape �aps classification overview, �ethodological approaches to landscape typology and history of the Czech landscape cartography are introduced in the paper. �t the present ti�e the adoption of �he European Landscape Convention and need for a new landscape typology represents a great challenge for Czech geographers. �he co�pleting of the new "Landscape �tlas of �he Czech Republic" gives a good opportunity to present results of Czech landscape cartography products. �he �tlas should be finished till the end of the year 2007. It consists of a set of traditional and newly co�posed landscape �aps, everyone in a digital for�. �he content of the �tlas co�posed of nine sections is briefly described in the paper, as well..
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2000
aided visual interpretation, CORINE land cover database, deforestation, extensification of agriculture, intensification of agriculture, land cover changes, urbanisation ABSTRACT One of the most important achievements in 1998-1999 of Phare Topic Link on Land Cover has been the development and practical application of a methodological approach to landscape change identification and analysis in the territories of four Phare countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, and the Slovak Republic). The changes were identified on a national level from Landsat TM and MSS satellite images by application of the CORINE Land Cover databases for two time horizons (the late 1970s and early 1990s) at the second hierarchic level. Based on identified causality, the landscape changes were grouped into 7 types: intensification of agriculture, extensification of agriculture, urbanisation-industrialisation, enlargement (exhaustion) of natural resources, afforestation, deforestation and other anthropogenic causes. The results of the groupings are presented in the form of contingency tables and maps showing the spatial distribution of the changes. From the point of view of total extent, forest landscape changed the most in the Czech Republic.