Inheritance of yield attributes in bread wheat under irrigated and rainfed conditions (original) (raw)
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Correlation Studies among Productions Traits in Bread Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
In order to study correlation among yield and yield component in bread wheat, an experiment was conducted at new Developmental Research Farm Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2013-2014 cropping season under rainfed conditions. Twenty four genotypes were planted in 6 x 4 alpha lattice designs with three replications. Data were recorded on plant height, tillers m , 2 spike length, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied, except for grain yield and harvest index. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive genotypic and phenotypic association of grain yield with plant height, tillers m , spike length and biological yield. Moreover, significant positive association of grain 2 yield was observed with grains spike and harvest index at phenotypic level only. Strong association of these 1 traits with grain yield suggested that these traits could be safely used as selection criterion for further improvement in yield of wheat.
Genetic determination of yield related attributes in bread wheat
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2008
Inheritance mechanism was studied in a complete 8x8 diallel involving indigenous wheat varieties. Gene action studies were made on some yield contributing attributes like days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers m-2 , flag leaf area and grain filling period. The average degree of dominance for days to maturity (2.061), plant height (1.915), flag leaf area (1.679) and grain filling period (1.081) indicated the presence of over dominance gene action controlling these yield attributes. However, for number of tillers m-2 (1.00), the value suggested role of complete dominance governing it. These results revealed that selection for these traits in early generation is difficult. The selection process will have to be delayed till F 2 segregating population. Whereas 0.659 value for degree of dominance suggested additive type of gene action for days to heading, proposing the possibility of selection in early generation (F 1).
INHERITANCE STUDIES FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
INHERITANCE STUDIES FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITION, 2019
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) the most widely grown crop across the globe is considered as the staple food of about 35% population of the world. Being a water-deficit country, Pakistan faces major reduction in wheat production especially in rainfed areas. Photosynthate or current assimilates are among the major carbon sources used during the grain filling period, whereas during moisture stress these may not be available. Hence reserves present in stem and other parts of the plant are important carbon sources for grain filling under stress conditions. Under treatment of Potassium iodide genotype LLR-22 showed the better performance while Nacozari showed the highest grain yield under rainfed conditions. Among crosses, cross LLR 20 x Parula showed the highest value for yield under both environments. Combining ability analysis revealed that under stress conditions, the traits showed different behaviour than the control condition. GL, GW, NGS, PH, DH and SL showed non-additive gene action (GCA< SCA) under control conditions while GW, TGW, YLS and NGS depicted non-additive gene action under treated conditions. GL, PH and DH showed additive type of gene action under treated condition. The crosses Nacozari x LLR 22, LLR 22 x CB 42, CB 42 x LLR 21 and LLR 22 x LLR 20 showed highest SCA effects for traits under study viz. grain yield, grains per spike, plant height and days to heading respectively. LLR 21 can be considered as the best general combiner for multiple agronomic traits under study.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF THE INHERITANCE PATTERN OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT
Studies were carried out on the inheritance pattern of the important yield parameters viz., tillers per plant, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, harvest index and yield per plant of 8 bread wheat varieties. The component analysis indicated that the additive component was significant for all the traits except tillers per plant and yield per plant. The dominance component was significant for spike length, tillers per plant and yield per plant. Regression analysis revealed additive type of gene action for grains per spike, 1000 grains weight and harvest index and over dominant type of gene action for rest of the traits. Correlation analysis of dominant genes with the phenotype of the parents revealed recessive gene control for tillers per plant and spike length, while dominant gene control was indicated for rest of the traits studied.
Genetic Improvement in Yield Related Traits of Wheat Under Irrigated and Rainfed Environments
Fifteen landmark wheat cultivars viz. and Marwat2000, were evaluated under irrigated and rainfed environment independently at NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2004-2005 to decipher genetic gain over time in maturity and yield related traits. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used under each environment. The combined analysis across environments exhibited highly significant differences among the two environments for spike length, spike weight, spikelets spike -1 , and biological and grain yield, but differences were non-significant for 1000grain weight. Genetic variations among cultivars under the two environments were significant for all traits. Cultivar × environment interactions were significant for grain yield only. Spike length, spike weight, spikelets spike -1 , 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yield averaged 10.8 vs 10.3 cm, 3.1 vs 2.6 g, 20.0 vs 18.6, 36.6 vs 35.8, 9263.7 vs 7929.7 kg ha -1 and 3419.2 vs 2964.4 kg ha -1 under irrigated and rainfed environment, respectively. Reduction ranged from 389 to 2611 kg ha -1 for biological and 45 to 1089 kg ha -1 for grain yield among 15-wheat cultivars under rainfed environment. Genetic gains were 0.012 and 0.020 g spike -1 in irrigated and rainfed environment, respectively. Genetic improvement in 1000-grain weight (0.23 g year -1 ) and biological yield (56.22 kg ha -1 year -1 ) were evident under irrigated environment only. Gains in grain yield were 48.55 kg ha -1 year -1 in irrigated and 31.28 kg ha -1 year -1 in rainfed environment. Thus, moisture stress suppressed expression of genetic progress in grain yield by 17.27 kg ha -1 or 35.57% under rainfed production environment. Simultaneous evaluation of wheat genotypes in both environments before release as cultivars to growers will help in trimming the existing gap in national average yields under irrigated and rainfed regions.
International Journal of Environment, 2015
Development of superior crop varieties is the prime objectives of all plant breeding programs. To determine genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, 24 elite bread wheat lines were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar under rainfed conditions. Data were recorded on days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm-2), spike length (cm), grain yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (g), grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1(g), and harvest index (%). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studied. Broad sense heritability was high for days to heading (0.89), grain weight spike-1(0.61g), spike length (0.70 cm), 1000-grain weight (0.62g), grain yield (0.78 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.62%); and was moderate for days to maturity (0.52), plant height (0.38 cm), and grains spike-1 (0.49), while low heritabi...
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences
Genetic variability is the prerequisite for the initiation of any improvement programme for the identification and selection of superior entries over the existing cultivars. The investigation was conducted in 47 genotypes maintained at mulberry germplasm block at CSB-Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRandTI), Pampore for 13 agro-morphological traits to understand the available genetic variability for future improvement in mulberry. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant differences (P=0.01) between the genotypes for the agro-morphological traits studied. High level of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (>20%) observed for petiole length, petiole weight, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaf attached on main shoot, number of nodes on main shoot, total shoot length, leaf weight of main shoot, main shoot weight, total shoot weight per plant and total leaf weight or leaf yield indicated that these traits are governed by genetic factors. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM) for indicated additive gene action and improvement can be made through selection. Correlation coefficient association analysis revealed significant and positive correlation of leaf yield with yield components. The study revealed importance of direct selection for the improvement of agro-morphological traits.
Comparative Study of Yield and Yield Contributing Traits of Different Genotypes in Bread Wheat
2013
Ten different genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated for analysis the yield and yield related traits. The objectives of the study was to study the performances of some wheat varieties for grain yield and its contributing characters and study the heritability for grain yield and its contributing characters. The study revealed that there have significant differences among the different genotypes of bread wheat. From the observation it is clear that Akbar and Shourav have highest height and they were 69.3cm. Sufi was the smallest variety (54.33cm). Shatabdi and Barkat had highest number of tillers (3.67). Pradiv had the highest spike length (16.20cm), relatively high number of spikelet/spike and grains weight in per spike was highest (2.33gm). Some characters of bread wheat are highly heritable such as length of spike, 100-grain weight, yield etc. So these characters would be effective for selection in breeding programme. Sufi and Gourav varieties are semi dwarf. Pradiv, Shatabdi and ...
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2016
Genetic analysis was carried out in 55 genotypes (10 parents and 45 F1s) through diallel mating design excluding reciprocals in bread wheat. Analysis of variance showed appreciable variability among the breeding material for almost all the traits under study. The highest value of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was found for flag leaf area (PCV=18.82, GCV=17.74), biological yield (PCV=12.98, GCV=11.70), grain yield (PCV=11.90, GCV=10.39) and harvest index (PCV=10.39, GCV=10.05). Highest heritability with highest genetic advance was estimated for flag leaf area (h2=52.24, GA=34.64), biological yield (h2=15.04, GA=21.71), harvest index (h2=18.19, GA=20.01), peduncle length (h2=31.72, GA=15.96) and spikelets per spike (h2=34.92, GA=12.96), therefore selection will be effective based on these traits. Grain yield was found significantly correlated (at <1% level of significance) with productive tillers (gr=0.3283**, pr=0.4347**), s...