The Impact of Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention on Self-Esteem and Negative Symptoms of Male patients with Schizophrenia (original) (raw)
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Current Psychology, 2022
The purpose of this systematic literature review is to provide an exhaustive summary of current research to explore the prospects of compassion-based approaches in treating persons with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Thereby, studies investigating the relationship between clinical parameters and self-compassion in SSD, as well as the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of compassion-based approaches for individuals with SSD were considered. The review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and checklist. Eight studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The results indicate an important role of self-compassion for several clinical parameters, including negative associations to positive symptoms, negative symptoms, cognitive disorganization, and emotional distress. All studies reported good acceptability and feasibility. Regarding the clinical effectiveness of compassion-based approaches, a variety of cl...
Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Clinical Psychiatric Rehabilitation: a Clinical Trial
Mindfulness
Objectives Previous research has suggested Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) as being beneficial for people dealing with a variety of mental health issues in outpatient area. Method A clinical trial was conducted with 200 psychiatric inpatients testing the efficacy of a specially designed 6-week MSC program compared with a control intervention of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Each session lasted 75 min and took place once a week for each of the study groups. The primary end-point was the change in the self-compassion scale (SCS) total score from pre-to post treatment. Secondary end-points included changes in the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), and subjective feeling of happiness (single item). Results Of the 200 randomly assigned participants, the MSC group (M = 2.90, SD = 0.5) showed a significant improvement in SCS (F(1,198) = 25.57, p < .01, η 2 = 0.11) after 6 weeks in comparison with the PMR group (M = 2.57, SD = 0.6, p > .05). Correspondingly, the MSC group stated a greater amount of happiness in comparison to the PMR group (p < .05). Furthermore, the GSI and SF-36 parameters improved in both study groups to the same extent during the 6-week treatment (p < .01). Conclusions These preliminary data suggest the clinical applicability of MSC in psychiatric patient groups, which merits further large-scale studies.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 2013
Self-compassion has been linked to both positive aspects of wellbeing and less psychopathology in nonclinical samples. Although this construct has begun to be investigated in case studies, the clinical correlates of self-compassion for those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have yet to be explored. This study aimed to explore the relationship between selfcompassion, symptoms, and insight in individuals with schizophrenia. A total of 88 participants with either schizophrenia (n = 51) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 37) who were enrolled in a study of metacognition at a Midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center completed measures of self-compassion and insight, along with a symptom interview. Higher self-compassion scores were associated with lower scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive, excitement, and emotional discomfort symptom scales in addition to poorer insight. Implications for treatment and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Psychosis, 2019
An 8-week mindfulness and compassion program was developed for youth at risk for, or already experiencing, psychosis, based on UK national guidelines for developing interventions. The aim of this paper is to provide a program description and first hand account of a participant's experience. First, mindfulness skills are taught. Next an emotional regulation model is introduced, to help participants understand how psychotic experiences, anxiety and depression contribute to a heightened threat system, and how compassion can help them. The program contains meditations (e.g. breath practice, compassionate friend) and practices for use in daily life (e.g. STOP practice). The second author found mindfulness allowed her to feel and acknowledge her experience and give her emotions the recognition they needed. Being self-compassionate was a new concept, which at times was challenging but helped her realize her emotions were normal and she could manage difficult emotions using soothing practices. Furthermore, being part of a group helped her realize she was not alone. Mindfulness and compassion skills can be helpful for youth with psychotic experiences. A group program can provide a safe place to share experiences and reduce isolation. An evaluation of the program will be the focus of future papers.
Self-Compassion in Clinical Samples: A Systematic Literature Review
Psychology, 2020
Self-compassion, broadly, means to treat oneself kindly in times of need, same as one would do with a dear friend (Neff, 2003b). This systematic review focuses on self-compassion as is found in clinical samples. It specifically reviews 28 relevant studies to find out if people belonging in what is called "clinical samples" have lower levels of self-compassion than those of non-clinical samples in the first place and if this is a crucial factor for the appearance of psychopathological symptoms (i.e. anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, PTSD, depression, schizophrenia etc.), or it is the other way around. Even though most studies tend to agree that low self-compassion and psychopathology are present in clinical samples, no study until now can prove a clause for causality, as most studies were of a cross-sectional design and had a great heterogeneity concerning both mental health issues involved and ages/genders. Future studies could use additional mediators to check out how low self-compassion and mental health are connected. Another question to be asked is if self-compassion is equally important for one's recovery as it is for the prevention of appearance of mental illness. The systematic review highlights issues from the current evidence that may be used for further research.
Mindfulness in Holistic Management of Schizophrenia
International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis
Mindfulness based intervention (MBI) has been found to promote well-being by reducing symptoms of stress and non-reactivity to experience. It has been found to facilitate post-traumatic growth and enhance vigour while relieving fatigue. It can contribute effectively to apathy and self-awareness. Schizophrenia patients suffer from lack of motivation, apathy, boredom and social isolation to name a few. Holistic management of schizophrenia refers to management of quality of life for schizophrenia patients in its totality. This includes stable accommodation, healthy relationship, education, training, employment, social inclusion, integration with the community and entertainment etc. As mindfulness helps gain control over mind and regulate emotions, it can be helpful to alleviate some of the symptoms of schizophrenia patients. This study identifies the issues in holistic management of schizophrenia and investigates how mindfulness based intervention can contribute to them effectively. In the introduction section we have explored the implication and importance of holistic management of schizophrenia and features of mindfulness. In method section, we have investigated the various issues and symptoms of holistic management of schizophrenia and how mindfulness based intervention can address them. In discussion, we have reviewed research studies associated with mindfulness for schizophrenia patients and identified the scope of further work for mindfulness to be meaningful for schizophrenia patients.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Interventions in Male Schizophrenia Patients
International Journal of Science and Research, 2023
Schizophrenia is understood to be a chronic disorder of the brain which affects under 1% of the population of the United States of America. During its active phase, symptoms include hallucinations, reduced motivation, delusions, speech that is disorganized and problems with thinking. The condition influences perception, judgment and emotions which are known as the basic human processes. Studies of the brain affected by schizophrenia have shown that certain genes such as dysbindin, DISC1, DAOA, COMT and neuregulin 1 can be considered as its risk factors. A chromosome 22 microdeletion known as Velocardio Facial Syndrome (VCFS) can be associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Cognition, motor function, social interaction and physical morphology abnormalities are most commonly noticed in people who later exhibit schizophrenia which is indicative of developmental vulnerability. The literature search consisted of articles from known and recognized databases like COCHRANE, PUBMED, MEDLINE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. The evidence-based medicine practitioners frequently use a special framework known as the PICO framework. Males suffering with schizophrenia in its early stage which was less than 5 years were considered. Worldwide countries like Australia, United Kingdom or Canada have focused on including intervention at early stages as an important approach in the management of the disorder. In the Explicit Health Care Guarantees, the first episode of schizophrenia is considered as a first mental health condition. One of the meta-analysis contains 39 studies with a total of 1,140 participants. This analysis focused on patients suffering from depression, generalized anxiety disorder and a number of other psychiatric disorders. The greatest number of participants 1,140 was the biggest sample among all the articles included in this review. Remaining studies contained samples from 342 to 60 participants. As this review was supposed to highlight the effect of mindfulness-based intervention therefore, a majority of the articles included in this review contained mindfulness therapy as a treatment for the disorders. The results indicated significant differences in mental health scores on the scales before and post the intervention. Participants further showed good improvements in their mental health after the treatment. PANSS score also improved and all the above-mentioned points highlight the positive outcomes of mindfulness intervention.
Background: Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) have revealed efficacies in lowering psychological problems including depression and anxiety in a variety of clinical settings, including psychosis. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the effect of MBI on recent-onset psychosis for patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A randomized control trial research design recruited 69 patients with schizophrenia and randomly assigned them to a MBI group (35 patients) who received seven 90-minutes weekly group sessions and to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group (34 patients). After informed consent, all patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Recovery Assessment Scale-Domains and Stages (RAS-DS), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) at baseline and post-intervention. Results: No significant difference was found between MBI group and TAU group regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, studied domains and total scores of studied variables before the intervention. After application of the intervention, there was a significant difference between TAU group and MBI group in domains of positive psychosis symptoms, negative psychosis symptoms general psychopathology, PANSS total score (Z= 2.06, 3.11, 2.16 and 2.46 respectively). Besides, there was a significant difference between TAU group and MBI group regarding RAS-DS total score and FFMQ total score (Z= 4.19 and 4.78 respectively). Conclusion: This study preliminarily recognized prompt and transient benefits of MBI as a third-wave intervention on recent-onset psychosis for patients with schizophrenia. These types of intervention are recommended for nurses as a complementary treatment for positive and negative symptoms and enhancing recovery among schizophrenia patients.