Self-Energized UAV-Assisted Scheme for Cooperative Wireless Relay Networks (original) (raw)
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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
As massive ground users access wireless networks with limited available spectrum, coexisting users that share the same spectrum band severely interfere with each other. Moreover, communication pairs without direct communication links may suffer from severe outage issues. In this paper, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying-assisted interference coordination is proposed to enhance data transmission reliability by 1) relaying transmission, and 2) alleviating mutual interference among ground users. To efficiently utilize confined UAV energy such that the UAV relaying service life can be significantly prolonged, the full-duplex (FD) technique is exploited. An exact energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem is formulated, which jointly optimizes throughput and UAV energy consumption. Different from the traditional offline method, online power management and trajectory designs are performed under the information causality and rate constraints. Considering that power management and trajectory are coupled, we design a block coordinate descent method to efficiently solve the optimization problem. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms existing schemes, and the EE is about 30% and 46% higher than those of the genetic algorithm and half-duplex scheme, respectively. Moreover, impacts of different positions and the maximum power of ground users on the EE have been demonstrated. INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency (EE), full-duplex relaying, mutual interference coordination, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay.
Wireless-Powered Full-Duplex UAV Relay Networks Over FTR Channels
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
A thorough understanding of fundamental limits of wireless-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay networks in millimeter waves is still missing. We narrow this gap by investigating the outage performance of a UAV-assisted wireless network over fluctuating two-ray (FTR) channels. The FTR fading model is particularly appealing since well characterizes the wireless propagation in a wide range of frequencies, including those in millimeter waves. The proposed setup consists of a source-destination pair communicating with the assistance of a UAV, which is a wireless-powered relay station operating in full-duplex mode under the amplify-and-forward protocol. For the wireless energy harvesting at the UAV, wireless power transfer (WPT), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), and self-recycling energy techniques are employed together. To characterize the system outage probability, we obtain an integral-form expression derived from an approximate analysis and a simple closed-form expression derived from an asymptotic analysis at the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the correctness of our theoretical results and provide insights on the network performance in terms of key system parameters. Interestingly, obtained results show that the FTR fading parameters corresponding to the first hop and second hop play no role on the system outage performance at high SNR. Instead, it is mainly governed by the effect of the residual self-interference at the UAV, leading to outage floors. INDEX TERMS Fluctuating two-ray, full duplex, mmWave communications, outage probability, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, unmanned aerial vehicle.
Unmanned aerial vehicle-aided cooperative regenerative relaying network under various environments
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021
This paper studies a cooperative relay network that comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabling amplify-and-forward (AF) and power splitting (PS) based energy harvesting. The considered system can be constructed in various environments such as suburban, urban, dense urban, and high-rise urban where the air-to-ground channels are model by a mixture of Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading. Then, outage probability and ergodic capacity are provided under different environment-based parameters. Optimal PS ratios are also provided under normal and high transmit power regimes. Finally, the accuracy of the analytical results is validated through Monte Carlo methods.
Energy management scheme for wireless powered D2D users with NOMA underlaying full duplex UAV
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM MobiCom Workshop on Drone Assisted Wireless Communications for 5G and Beyond, 2020
Device-to-Device (D2D) communications underlaying Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with its mobility extend the coverage and improve the data rate. In this paper, we propose an energy management scheme for wireless powered D2D users with NOMA underlaying full-duplex (FD) UAV. Here, the cellular transmitters (CTs) and D2D transmitters (DDTs) first harvest energy from the radio frequency (RF) signals of the UAV. Then, the CT communicates with the cellular receivers (CRs) using the FD-UAV as a relay. On the other hand, DDT communicates with its two D2D receivers (DDRs) using the NOMA. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) form and then divide it into two sub-problems. In the first sub-problem, an optimal value of time allocation for energy harvesting (EH) for DMG is estimated, whereas, in the second subproblem, the power of DDT in each DMG is optimized using the variable changing technique. Finally, the joint time allocation and power control scheme is proposed to achieve the maximum energy-efficiency (EE). Numerical results demonstrated that the proposed scheme achieves better results as compared to the existing conventional NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2023
In this paper, we propose a novel design for the rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)enabled full-duplex (FD) wireless-powered Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In this network, the UAV is equipped with an antenna array, and the K IoT sensors, which are distributed randomly, use single-antenna to communicate. By sending the energy, the UAV as a hybrid access point, charges the sensors and collects information from them. Then, to manage the time and optimize the energy, the sensors are divided into N groups, so that the UAV equipped with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology can serve the sensors in a group, during the total time T. We provide a simple implementation of the wireless power transfer protocol in the sensors by using the time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme to receive information from the users. In other words, the sensors of each group receive energy from the UAV, when it hovers over the sensors of the previous group, and also when the UAV flies over the previous group to the current group. The sensors of each group send their information to the UAV, when the UAV is hovering over their group. Under these assumptions, we formulate two optimization problems: a sum throughput maximization problem, and a total time minimization problem. Numerical results show that our proposed optimal network provides better performance than the existing networks. In fact, our novel design can serve more sensors at the cost of using more antennas compared to that of the conventional networks.
Performance Evaluation of Next-Generation Wireless (5G) UAV Relay
Wireless Personal Communications, 2020
Future wireless communication, especially the densified 5G network using millimeter-Wave (mmWave) will bring numerous innovations to the current telecommunication industry. In such scenario, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as Base Station (BS) becomes one of the viable options for providing 5G services. The focus of this study is to investigate, analyze and describe the distinctive rich characteristics of mmWave propagation in Access and backhaul network simultaneously using UAV. The mathematical framework is formulated for calculating UE (User Equipment) received power for the relay path (BS-UAV-UE) based on Friis Transmission Equation. We conduct simulations using the ray-tracing simulator in different scenarios while comparing and verifying the simulation results vs mathematical equations. Using ray racing simulator, the effectiveness of diffracted, reflected, and scattered paths versus direct paths is described. Furthermore, using extensive simulations, we highlight the impact of UAV location to maximize the performance of an Amplify-and-Forward UAV based relay for providing enhanced coverage to the users. Keywords Unnamed aerial vehicle (UAV) • Key point indicator (KPI) • MmWave • Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) • Aerial network (AN) • 5G
On the Performance of Renewable Energy-Powered UAV-Assisted Wireless Communications
ArXiv, 2019
We develop novel statistical models of the harvested energy from renewable energy sources (such as solar and wind energy) considering harvest-store-consume (HSC) architecture. We consider three renewable energy harvesting scenarios, i.e. (i) harvesting from the solar power, (ii) harvesting from the wind power, and (iii) hybrid solar and wind power. In this context, we first derive the closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative density function (CDF) of the harvested power from the solar and wind energy sources. Based on the derived expressions, we calculate the probability of energy outage at UAVs and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) outage at ground cellular users. We derive novel closed-form expressions for the moment generating function (MGF) of the harvested solar power and wind power. Then, we apply Gil-Pelaez inversion to evaluate the energy outage at the UAV and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) outage at the ground users. We formulate the SNR outa...
IEEE Access, 2021
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is an innovative technology employed for enhancing the energy sustainability of wireless devices with a limited life span. The idea of integrating WPT in wireless communication leads to the idea of Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) that transfers information and power to wireless devices simultaneously, thereby resulting in a drastic increase in spectral efficiency of the network. SWIPT aided Cooperative Relaying (CoR) has emerged as a new trend for Fifth Generation (5G) and Beyond 5G (B5G) systems owing to the rapidly increasing challenges faced by these networks. Cooperative relaying combined with SWIPT can be helpful in overcoming the rising demands of next generation wireless networks by providing an enhanced date rate, low latency, shorter coverage, wide spread connectivity of massive number of devices along with energy-efficiency. This article provides a comprehensive review of SWIPT technology that enables the use of CoR networks for 5G and B5G mobile networks including the significance, technologies, and protocols which can be applied. This article also examines the deployment of cooperative SWIPT involving a single relay, multiple relays and optimal relay selection, multi antenna systems and optimal beamforming .SWIPT under the influence of Hardware Impairments (HI), imperfect Channel State Information (CSI), non-linear energy harvesting models, Intelligent Reconfigurable Surface (IRS), massive MIMO, massive access for the Internet of Things (IoT) has been discussed in detail. Meanwhile, this study discusses key challenges being faced in the implementation of SWIPT for future wireless networks that need to be addressed efficiently.
International Journal of Communication Systems, 2011
The outage probability in a network of cooperative unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) over generalized fading channels is studied analytically using finite mixture with expectation maximization technique. A relay-based topology with one ground control unit (GCU) is considered, where the cooperative UAVs can communicate with the GCU directly or through relay. The application the UAV assigned for, specifies the minimum required transmission rate the UAV should achieve. The outage probability of the system is defined as the probability that either the transmission rate over any of the links drops below a predefined minimum threshold for that link or the Relay-GCU link is not able to transmit the aggregate data from all relayed UAVs and the minimum rate required by the relay UAV itself. Throughout the paper, expressions for the outage probability and the average achievable bit rate of a cooperative multi-carrier system are derived over generalized fading channels. Finite Mixture with Expectation-Maximization algorithm is utilized to derive a simple approximate expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the achievable bit rate assuming adaptive M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). This pdf is used to derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability and the average bit rate.
IEEE Access, 2022
This paper studies unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based mobile-edge computing (MEC) in Internet of Things (IoT) systems in which the UAV acts as a relay (UR). Specifically, we consider a scenario with two clusters IoT devices (IDs) (i.e., a high-priority cluster IA and a low-priority cluster IB) with limited resources, so these IDs cannot compute their tasks and must offload them to a base station (BS) through a UR. We propose a protocol named time switching-radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) UR NOMA (TS-REUN), which is divided into 5 phases. By applying the TS-REUN protocol, the IDs in the two clusters and the UR harvest RF energy from the broadcast signal of the power beacons (PB). Then, the IDs offload their tasks to the MEC server located at the BS. After server processing, the IDs receive the calculation results from the BS via the UR. The effects of both imperfect channel state information (ICSI) and imperfect successive interference cancellation (ISIC) on the REUN-based MEC (REUN-MEC) are taken into account. To evaluate the performance of the system, we derive closed-form expressions for the successful computation probability (SCP) and energy consumption probability (ECP) in the Nakagami-m fading channel. Moreover, we propose an optimization problem formulation that maximizes the SCP by optimizing the position and the height of the UR and the time switching ratio (TSR). The problem was addressed by employing an algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). In addition, the Monte Carlo simulation results confirmed the accuracy of our analysis based on system performance simulations with various system parameters, such as the number of antennas at the BS, the number of IDs in each cluster, the TSR, and the position and the height of the UR. INDEX TERMS Internet of things, unmanned aerial vehicles, energy harvesting, nonorthogonal multiple access, mobile-edge computing.