Journal Pre-proof Alkali-cellulose/ Polyvinyl alcohol biofilms fabricated with essential clove oil as a novel scented antimicrobial packaging material (original) (raw)
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Edible microbial cellulose-based antimicrobial coatings and films containing clove extract
Food production, processing and nutrition, 2024
Recently, microbial cellulose-based coatings and films have attracted substantial attention because of their promising uses in numerous fields, such as food packaging. The present work was designed to synthesize active microbial cellulose-based coatings and films with a comprehensive investigation of their antimicrobial and structural properties. Microbial cellulose was synthesized by using a gram-negative bacterium called Acetobacter aceti. The produced microbial cellulose was mixed with sodium alginate, chitosan and starch to obtain two different composite solutions, i.e., microbial cellulose + starch + chitosan (MSC) and microbial cellulose + starch + sodium alginate (MSS). The antimicrobial properties were achieved by incorporating four different concentrations of clove extract into the composite solutions. The resulting composite solutions were tested against S. aureus, Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli through the agar diffusion assay method. The clove extract was found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of these pathogens, as a clear zone of inhibition was observed at all clove extract concentrations, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 4.0 ± 0.05 cm on E. coli for the MSC solution incorporated with 4% clove extract. The best antimicrobial solutions found were then casted into films by pouring the solutions into petri dishes and drying at 50 °C in a tray drier. The antimicrobial activity was again evaluated for the films. The results indicated that MSC 3% showed a greater zone of inhibition against all pathogens (1.7 ± 0.18 cm). Furthermore, structural and thermal analyses of the formed films were conducted. The results indicated distinctive antimicrobial and structural characteristics of the films.
Development of Flexible Antimicrobial Films Using Essential Oils as Active Agents
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007
The antimicrobial activity in the vapor-phase of laboratory-made flexible films of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/EVOH) incorporating essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), or cinnamon fortified with cinnamaldehyde was evaluated against a wide range of microorganisms: the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella choleraesuis; the Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis; the molds Penicillium islandicum, Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium nalgiovense, Eurotium repens, and Aspergillus flavus and the yeasts Candida albicans, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Zigosaccharomyces rouxii. Films with a nominal concentration of 4% (w/w) of fortified cinnamon or oregano essential oil completely inhibited the growth of the fungi; higher concentrations were required to inhibit the Gram-positive bacteria (8 and 10%, respectively), and higher concentrations still were necessary to inhibit the Gram-negative bacteria. PP films were more effective than PE/EVOH films. The atmospheres generated by the antimicrobial films inside Petri dishes were quantitatively analyzed using headspace-single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analyses showed that the oregano-fortified PP films released higher levels of carvacrol and thymol, and the cinnamon-fortified PP films released higher levels of cinnamaldehyde, during the first 3-6 h of incubation, than the corresponding PE/EVOH films. Shelf-life tests were also performed, demonstrating that the antifungal activities of the films persisted for more than two months after their manufacture. In addition, migration tests (overall and specific) were performed, using both aqueous and fatty simulants, to ensure that the films meet EU regulations regarding food contact materials. Following contact with the tested films, the substances that had migrated into the aqueous simulants were recovered by direct immersionsingle drop extraction (DI-SDME) and then analyzed by GC-MS. The fatty stimulant (isooctane) was directly injected into the chromatographic system.
Development of antibacterial structures and films using clove bud powder
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
The use of natural antimicrobial (AM) agents in the food packaging industry has been the focus of providing a safe and effective method in protecting and delivering food to the consumer. This study investigates natural materials such as clove bud powder (Syzygium aromaticum) to determine its AM activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) (DH5␣) and Gram-positive Listeria innocua (L. innocua) (LSPQ3284) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (54-73) microorganisms. The lowest concentration of clove bud powder preventing the growth of a microorganism after 24 h incubation was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the values of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined as well. The clove bud powder was prepared and coated onto LDPE films to evaluate its AM activity for food packaging applications. It was found that the clove bud powder inhibited the growth of the tested microorganisms. An LDPE film embedded with the clove bud powder by coating twice showed the best AM effects against E. coli bacteria.
Incorporation of essential oils with antibiotic properties in edible packaging films
2019
Over the last few years, the studies have been conducted to develop and to apply edible films from different agricultural commodities. A wide range of materials are used to produce edible films including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and their blends; these materials are known as a supporter factor for various additives. In selecting an antimicrobial method, the beneficial effects against the target microorganism and their interactions with polymer matrix is essential. Generally, the active components of plant extracts inhibit microorganism's growth through disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane, disturbance the proton motive force and electron flow. Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) usually have a relatively high vapor pressure and are capable of reaching microbial pathogens through the liquid and the gas phase. Bioactivity of EOs in the vapor phase makes them useful as possible fumigants for stored commodity protection. Edible films containing plant-derived volatile EOs p...
Foods, 2020
Bioactive packaging contains natural antimicrobial agents, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and increase the food shelf life. Solvent casting method was used to prepare the Poly (lactide)-Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA-PBAT) film incorporated with the thyme oil and clove oil in various concentrations (1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%). The clove oil composite films depicted less green and more yellow as compared to thyme oil composite films. Clove oil composite film has shown an 80% increase in the UV blocking efficiency. The tensile strength (TS) of thyme oil and clove oil composite film decreases from 1.35 MPs (control film) to 0.96 MPa and 0.79, respectively. A complete killing of S. aureus that is a reduction from 6.5 log CFU/mL to 0 log CFU/mL was observed on the 10 wt% clove oil incorporated composite film. Clove oil and thyme oil composite film had inhibited E. coli biofilm by 93.43% and 82.30%, respectively. Clove oil composite film had exhibited UV blocking properties, strong antimicrobial activity and has high potential to be used as an active food packaging.
Journal of Food Science, 2011
Spices and herbal plant species have been recognized to possess a broad spectrum of active constituents that exhibit antimicrobial (AM) activity. These active compounds are produced as secondary metabolites associated with the volatile essential oil (EO) fraction of these plants. A wide range of AM agents derived from EOs have the potential to be used in AM packaging systems which is one of the promising forms of active packaging systems aimed at protecting food products from microbial contamination. Many studies have evaluated the AM activity of synthetic AM and/or natural AM agents incorporated into packaging materials and have demonstrated effective AM activity by controlling the growth of microorganisms. This review examines the more common synthetic and natural AM agents incorporated into or coated onto synthetic packaging films for AM packaging applications. The focus is on the widely studied herb varieties including basil, oregano and thyme and their essential oils.
Pathogens, 2021
Biofilms are surface-attached, structured microbial communities displaying higher tolerance to antimicrobial agents in comparison to planktonic cells. An estimated 80% of all infections are thought to be biofilm-related. The drying pipeline of new antibiotics efficient against biofilm-forming pathogens urges the search for alternative routes of treatment. Essential Oils (EOs), extracted from medicinally important plants, are a reservoir of bioactive compounds that may serve as a foothold in investigating novel antibiofilm compounds. The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial activity of liquid and volatile fractions of tested EOs against biofilm-forming pathogens using different techniques. In this research, we tested five EOs, extracted from Syzygium aromaticum L., Boswelia serrata Roxb., Juniperus virginiana L., Pelargonium graveolens L. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel., against planktonic and biofilm forms of five selected reference strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus,...
Molecules
Acidotermophilic bacteria Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is one of the main contaminants in the fruit industry forming biofilms which are difficult to remove from the production line by conventional methods. An alternative approach aims for the use of essential oils to prevent Alicyclobacillus biofilm development. The effect of clove essential oil on A. acidoterrestris biofilms on glass and polyvinyl chloride surfaces under static and agitated culture conditions was investigated by atomic force microscopy and the plate count method. The medium-flow and the type of technical surface significantly influenced A. acidoterrestris biofilm. The PVC was colonized in a greater extent comparing to glass. Clove essential oil in 0.05% (v/v) caused 25.1–65.0% reduction of biofilms on the technical surfaces along with substantial changes in their morphology by a decrease in the biofilm: height, surface roughness, and surface area difference. The oil also induced alteration in individual bacteri...