Numerical analysis of low-tech overshot water wheel for off grid purpose (original) (raw)
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Design and Study of Hydroelectric Power Plant by Using Overshot and Undershot Waterwheels
International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering, 2019
This article gives an idea about the operative use of waterwheels in a river flow, which offers power generation with low cost. It also defines the working principle, calculations and design, challenges and applications beside the future scope of using Overshot and undershot waterwheels. In order to cover the enlarged demand for power in rural areas of Iraq, generated hydropower from waterwheels are one of the most promising solutions to produce electricity. Modern water wheels are made from steel which promising no harmful effects on the environment. In this research, two types of water wheels (Overshot and Undershot) are used to produce the electricity through fastening the waterwheel to a generator with the support of a belt and pulley arrangement, so the electrical energy resulted from mechanical energy. The full bridge rectifier is used to transfer electricity in its most effectual form while the regulator is used to adjust the current.
Overshot water wheel efficiency measurements for low heads and low flowrates
EPJ Web of Conferences
Utilizing of low renewable energy sources is an actual topic nowadays. This paper is focused on the locations with the low hydro-energy potential. It means locations with a head about 1m and flow rates about tens of litres per second. Hydro turbines for such parameters belong to the pico-turbines. It is not easy to design the hydro-turbine for such parameters with an acceptable efficiency. One of the possibilities is to use a water wheel. It is possible to find in a literature that the efficiency of overshot water wheels achieves 85%. This is the very good efficiency. It is not so easy to find some experimental data which proves this statement. Aims of this work are to design a simple manufactured overshot water wheel, measure the hydraulic efficiency of this wheel for wide range of parameters, finding an effect of the leading edge adjusting and the effect of the channel outflow edge position on the water wheel efficiency.
International Journal of Engineering and Technology
This study is about the used of a flywheel in an effort to improve the performance of waterwheel on irrigation channels. Flow in irrigation has low head differences including low coupled lies in lowland areas. Waterwheel undershot-type appropriate for low high head applications in an attempt to gain the electricity. A set of waterwheel developed has an outer diameter of 2 m with 12 pieces of curved-blade prepared from the material of aluminum. On the shaft of pully-belt of the step transmission conditioned the mass as flywheel varied 2-42 kg designed to performs concurrently with water wheel system. The height of flow water controlled by a sluice gate to find out the potential. As the results the performance of water wheel very dependent on the height of irrigation water. The mass of flywheel on the water wheel system can increase the rotation up to 215% as it produces the maximum electrical power of about 390 W. Keyword-Water wheel, Irrigation, River, Flywheel, Turbine I. INTRODUCTION Irrigation channels in the Koto Tibun Village are primarily provided for irrigating of agricultural land and for water supply of fisheries. This study is about the use of flywheel in order to improve the performance of undershot waterwheels. The flywheel is usually selected as a component for energy storage. A flywheel is useful for generating power to reduce the load on the generator when demand is instantly increasing, allowing the generator to maintain speed and frequency. The energy can be returned to the flywheel when the demand is reduced. Therefore, the flywheel is usually situated and turned on the shaft together. Many studies with using flywheel on the machine, but limited data for the water wheel such as a flywheel application on a multicrop threshing machine [1]. Based on their study found that 12% of the material cost and operational load on the shaft and bearings decreased and kinetic energy storage capacity increased. Another study, The Dual Mass Flywheel is used to damp the oscillations on the train engine in order to prevent shocks on the gearbox [2]. The comparative study shows that the Dual Mass Flywheel 5-6% more efficient than conventional flywheels in its use. Then there is an increase in power of about 7-8%. In throughout the irrigation channels might provide a large amount of potential energy as well. According to that condition, the regulation and optimizing the use of water resources for consumption, irrigation and hydroelectric power plant should be considered, like study have been conducted by Wu and Chen [3]. Yet, relevant to that an essential study in order to improve the energy production by water power plant concern with applied the combination water cycle power generating system has been studied by Liu and Packey [4]. Again, many studies have been conducted in order to investigate alternative and renewable energy resources. A study presents a description of the initial testing performed on the prototype pico hydro generator system for the purpose of investigating the performance [5]. The kinetic energy contained in the flow of water in domestic pipes is known to have the potential to generate electricity for energy storage purposes while performing routine activities such as laundry, cooking, and bathing. The water pressure and water flow in the pipe from the main tank utility, which is used for the activities of everyday life, used for small-scale hydro turbines rotate to drive a generator for generating electricity. The test results indicate that the readings are significantly convincing in terms of electrical voltage recorded since it can be calculated to be followed is this system is feasible for electrification aimed at storage of energy and showed good prospects for improvement and further research in the future. Furthermore, the development of a waterwheel has been carried out traditionally where it has fulfilled the needs of the water in an agricultural area [6]. In a region, wherein the water resources are available abundantly caused these efforts are highly recommended as a solution to energy deficiency in the rural area. Indonesia has the potential for hydropower are about 75.5 GW [7]. One of the sources of hydropower like that has available in Riau province where 250,571 hectares of land have been completed by the medium of irrigation canals.
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020
The river is a natural source of water that flows from the highlands to the lowlands and empties into the river. People often use waterwheels for a long time with various models. In this study, an undershot waterwheel is planned for a mini-hydro power plant. The research was conducted by taking the initial data, namely the height of the water depth, width, and velocity of water flow (in river channels and on windmills). The results of this planning are the cross-sectional area, flow rate, water power, wheel diameter, blade width, blade distance, speed around the wheel, wheel rotation, power wheel, generator rotation, and generator power. The conclusion of this planning results in a maximum efficiency of 52.62% with the water power in the river and the turbine power of 9299.88 watt and 4846.1 watt respectively, and the generator rotation is 24.06 rpm with an efficiency of 49.99% of 2446.98 watt generator power
PERFORMANCE OF UNDERSHOT WATER WHEEL AS MINI HYDRO POWER PLANT FOR AGRICULTURAL ROAD
IAEME Publication, 2021
Undershot water wheels or undercurrent water wheels work when water flows against the blade wall located at the bottom of the waterwheel. This type is suitable for installation in shallow water in flat areas. Here the flow of water is opposite to the direction of the blade which rotates the wheel. This research is an applied research that will be utilized in the regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the undershot waterwheel as a mini hydro power plant. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the performance of the undershot waterwheel is strongly influenced by the water discharge and the water level in the channel. Compared to the performance of a water wheel without a bucket and using a dynamo, the maximum water power of a water wheel without a bucket and using a dynamo is the same, namely 240.71 N at a water flow rate of 0.5833 m 3 /s. The maximum rotation of the waterwheel on the water wheel without a bucket is 18.70 revolutions/minute with the maximum rotation of the waterwheel using a dynamo 15.10 revolutions/minute. The maximum power of a water wheel on a water wheel without a bucket is 1232.97watt and on a water wheel using a dynamo the maximum power is 995.60 watts. For maximum efficiency obtained at the waterwheel without a bucket of 74.296%.
Feasibility Study of Small-Diameter Pico-Hydro Breastshot Waterwheel by Computational Method
CFD Letters, 2023
Breastshot water wheels have very good simplicity, efficiency, and low head working range which is suitable for use in tropical rainforest villages in Indonesia. One of the weaknesses of the breastshot water wheel is that it has a very slow rotational speed which makes it need a high transmission ratio to be coupled with the generator. This study investigates the performance of a breastshot water wheel at smaller diameters and modifying the bucket inlet angle (36°, 49°, 71°, and 90°) by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In this case, the breastshot waterwheel's diameter ratio is equal to the head. Based on CFD results, the new configuration (this study) allowed us to increase the rotational speed to 30 to 35 rpm, higher than typical rotational speeds of breastshot water wheels of less than 10 rpm. Then, the bucket inlet angle and wheel rotation affect the performance of the breastshot waterwheel and are expressed using empirical law. Based on the empirical law approach, the 49° bucket is recommended because it has a stable efficiency above 60% and a wide operating range; the large discharge fluctuations do not change the turbine performance significantly.
Performance of breastshot waterwheel in run of river conditions
RECENT PROGRESS ON: MECHANICAL, INFRASTRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING: Proceedings of International Symposium on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (ISAME): Quality in Research 2019, 2020
The breastshot waterwheel is one solution for increasing the electrification ratio in remote areas. However, a feasibility study of the breastshot waterwheel in river conditions has not been conducted. This study tested the performance of the breastshot waterwheel in river conditions, which has a head of 0.26 and discharge rate of 0.09708 3 /. Mechanical and electrical testing was conducted to determine the maximum efficiency that can be produced by this turbine. The mechanical test found the following results: a maximum power level of 112.6 W (45.5% efficiency), torque of 77.9 Nm and rotation of 13.8 rpm. The electrical test produced 11.38 W of electric power (4.6% efficiency) with a voltage of 34.48 V and current of 0.33 A. Based on the test results, the breastshot waterwheel may be used as an independent power plant in remote areas due to its efficiency. In addition, the study results reveal that this turbine is not significantly affected by the garbage (household waste) in the water.
PERFORMANCE OF UNDERSHOT WATERWHEELS WITH A VARIATION OF THE NUMBER OF ARCHIVES OF 90O
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020
Waterwheels are often used by the community since a long time ago, various models of waterwheels have been made. In this study, the design of a 90° curved blade wheel and carried out on a laboratory scale with the undershot wheel test equipment in the laboratory, for further research this research was developed in rural areas. The research was carried out by taking three data, namely bent blades four, six and eight. Each data was carried out five experiments by varying the water level. The test results obtained flow rate, bucket discharge, flow velocity, water power, speed of spinning wheel and power of the wheel. The calculation results are processed in graphical form to compare each data. In conclusion, the 8-blade wheel has high power and efficiency and the 4-blade wheel has low power and efficiency
Design, Fabrication & Testing Of a Waterwheel for Power Generation in an Open Channel Flow
International Journal of Analytical, Experimental and Finite Element Analysis, 2014
Hydropower is the cheapest way to generate electricity today. No other energy source, renewable and non-renewable, can match it. In the developing nation like India, with the increase in population and rise in the usage of electricity is increasing at an alarming rate. The following paper gives an idea about efficient use of water wheels in an open channel flow which gives cheap, low scale power generation solution for simple electrification purpose . This is achieved by a horizontal axis waterwheel attached to a Dynamometer, converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, with the help of a belt and pulley arrangement. The full bridge rectifier allows for electricity to be transmitted in its most efficient form while still being able to power ordinary direct current into pure direct current. Regulator to regulate a current and a battery to store it. The following paper explains the working principle, functioning, design with calculations, challenges, and applications along with future scope of the horizontal axis type waterwheel.
UNDERSHOT FLAT PLATE WATER WHEEL PERFORMANCE AS A WATER LIFTER
Waterwheel as one of the oldest water distribution technology and electricity generator in the world and as the beginning of the industrial revolution. The water wheel technology utilized itself as a an equipment to distribute water for agriculture, could also be used for electrical power generation, especially in areas with high speed water flow. This study aims to observe the blade length effect toward the bucket and to find out how much efficiency is produced. In waterwheels, blade length would affect the bucket lift power to raise water from a low place to a higher place. From the three undershot blade length variation, the highest efficiency occurred at a the 60 mm blade length with a value of 35.839% compared to the 50 mm blade length with an efficiency value of 34.956% and the 40 blade length with the low efficiency, with a value of 32.322%. All blades have the same width, which is 70 mm.