Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Chikungunya, Dengue, and Rift Valley Fever Viruses after Febrile Illness Outbreak, Madagascar (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
Introduction: Tanzania has recently experienced outbreaks of dengue in two coastal regions of Dar es Salaam and Tanga. Chikungunya and Rift Valley Fever outbreaks have also been recorded in the past decade. Little is known on the burden of the arboviral disease causing viruses (Dengue, Rift Valley and Chikungunya) endemically in the inter-epidemic periods. We aimed at determining the prevalence of the dengue, rift valley and chikungunya among humans in two geo ecologically distinct sites. Methodology: The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Magugu in Manyara region and Mvomero in Morogoro region in Tanzania. Venous blood was collected from participants of all age groups, serum prepared from samples and subjected to ELISA tests for RVFV IgG/IgM, DENV IgG/IgM, and CHIKV IgM/IgG. Samples that were positive for IgM ELISA tests were subjected to a quantitative RT PCR for each virus. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information. Data analysis was conducted using SPSSv22. Results: A total of 191 individuals from both sites participated in the study. Only one CHIKV was detected in Magugu site but none of the 69 participants from Magugu site was seropositive or positive for RVFV and DENV. Of the 122 individuals from Wami-Dakawa site, 16.39% (n=20) had recent exposure to RVFV while 9.83% (n=12) were recently infected by Chikungunya virus. All samples were negative by RVFV and CHIKV qPCR. Neither Infection nor exposure to DENV was observed in participants from Wami-Dakawa. Risk factors associated with RVFV and DCHIKV seropositivity were being more than 5 in a household, having no formal education and having recently travelled to an urban area. .
PloS one, 2018
In January 2016, health authorities from Zambézia province, Mozambique reported the detection of some patients presenting with fever, arthralgia, and a positive result for chikungunya in an IgM-based Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). We initiated a study to investigate a potential chikungunya outbreak in the city of Quelimane. From February to June 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling febrile patients attending five outpatient health units in Quelimane. Serum from each patient was tested for CHIKV and DENV, using IgM and IgG ELISA and qRT-PCR. Patients were also tested for malaria by RDT. Entomological surveys were performed around patients' households, and we calculated the proportion of positive ovitraps and the egg density per trap. A total of 163 patients were recruited, of which 99 (60.7%) were female. The median age was 28 years. IgM and IgG anti-CHIKV antibodies were identified in 17 (10.4%) and 103 (63.2%) patients, respectively. Plaque reduction neutralizatio...
Seroprevalence of Infections with Dengue, Rift Valley Fever and Chikungunya Viruses in Kenya, 2007
PLOS ONE, 2015
Arthropod-borne viruses are a major constituent of emerging infectious diseases worldwide, but limited data are available on the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors for transmission in Kenya and East Africa. In this study, we used 1,091 HIV-negative blood specimens from the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2007) to test for the presence of IgG antibodies to dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV).The KAIS 2007 was a national population-based survey conducted by the Government of Kenya to provide comprehensive information needed to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Antibody testing for arboviruses was performed on stored blood specimens from KAIS 2007 through a two-step sandwich IgG ELISA using either commercially available kits or CDC-developed assays. Out of the 1,091 samples tested, 210 (19.2%) were positive for IgG antibodies against at least one of the three arboviruses. DENV was the most common of the three viruses tested (12.5% positive), followed by RVFV and CHIKV (4.5% and 0.97%, respectively). For DENV and RVFV, the participant's province of residence was significantly associated (P.01) with seropositivity. Seroprevalence of DENV and RVFV increased with age, while there was no correlation between province of residence/age and seropositivity for CHIKV. Females had twelve times higher odds of exposure to CHIK as opposed to DENV and RVFV where both males and females had the same odds of exposure. Lack of education was significantly associated with a higher odds of previous infection with either DENV or RVFV (p <0.01). These data show that a number of people are at risk of arbovirus infections depending on their geographic location in Kenya and transmission of these pathogens is greater than previously appreciated. This poses a public health risk, especially for DENV.
Chikungunya Virus Outbreak, Dominica, 2014
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2015
detecting chikungunya and dengue viral antibodies was negative for both infections. In accordance with World Health Organization travel guidelines, a blood sample, taken 3 days after symptoms onset, was tested at the National Institute of Virology (Pune, India) for Ebola virus disease. This test used RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR to detect Ebola virus nucleoprotein and polymerase genes and ruled out Ebola virus disease. These tests were repeated with standard positive and negative controls to ensure no contamination and no falsepositive results. RT-PCR for chikungunya and dengue viruses was performed by using virus gene-specific primers. RT-PCR for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses also were conducted to rule out these cross-reacting arboviral infections that share common clinical manifestations with chikungunya and dengue. The failure of MAC-ELISA to detect chikungunya virus-and dengue virus-specific IgM was attributed to collection of the blood on day 2 after symptom onset, and thus the IgM would not have been generated to be detected by MAC-ELISA. Fever similar to those common with malaria and typhoid are often exhibited with any of the arboviral infections that are endemic to Nigeria (1). Often these fevers are misdiagnosed as malarial fevers, and the opportunity to test for arboviral infections is missed. Dual infections of chikungunya and dengue are becoming more common in India (2,3), and there were earlier reports of dengue and malaria co-infection (4). Because these diseases are endemic to both Nigeria and India and because the incubation periods of infections vary, we do not know the exact location where the patient acquired any or all of these infections. Multiple infections in a single patient would drastically change the spectrum of clinical manifestations and thus complicate the diagnosis process. Our study particularly draws attention to understanding emerging arboviral infections and emphasizes the need for a multidimensional diagnostic approach in such clinical situations.
Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004
The American journal of …, 2008
An outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease associated with high fever and severe protracted arthralgias was detected in Lamu, Kenya, peaking in July 2004. At least 1,300 cases were documented. We conducted a seroprevalence study to define the magnitude of transmission on Lamu Island. We conducted a systematic crosssectional survey. We administered questionnaires and tested 288 sera from Lamu residents for IgM and IgG antibodies to CHIKV. Chikungunya virus infection (seropositivity) was defined as a person with IgG and/or IgM antibodies to CHIKV. IgM antibodies to CHIKV were detected in 18% (53/288) and IgG antibodies in 72% (206/288); IgM and/or IgG antibodies were present in 75% (215/288). The seroprevalence findings suggested that the outbreak was widespread, affecting 75% of the Lamu population; extrapolating the findings to the entire population, 13,500 (95% CI, 12,458-14328) were affected. Vector control strategies are needed to control the spread of this mosquito-borne infection.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015
Local transmission of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first documented in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) in July 2014 preceding a large epidemic. At initial presentation, it is difficult to distinguish chikungunya fever (CHIKF) from other acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (AUFIs), including life-threatening dengue disease. We characterised and compared dengue virus (DENV) and CHIKV infections in 158 patients presenting with suspected dengue fever (DF) and CHIKF at a major hospital in T&T, and performed phylogenetic analyses on CHIKV genomic sequences recovered from 8 individuals. The characteristics of patients with and without PCR-confirmed CHIKV were compared using Pearson's χ 2 and student's ttests, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using logistic regression. We then compared signs and symptoms of people with RT-qPCRconfirmed CHIKV and DENV infections using the Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's χ 2 and Fisher's exact tests. Among the 158 persons there were 8 (6%) RT-qPCR-confirmed DENV and 30 (22%) RT-qPCR-confirmed CHIKV infections. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the CHIKV strains belonged to the Asian genotype and were most closely related to a British Virgin Islands strain isolated at the beginning of the 2013/14 outbreak in the Americas. Compared to persons who were RT-qPCR-negative for CHIKV, RT-qPCR-positive individuals were significantly more likely to have joint pain (aOR: 4.52 [95% CI: 1.28-16.00]), less likely to be interviewed at a later stage of illness (days post onset of fever-aOR: 0.56 [0.40-0.78]) and had a lower white blood cell count (aOR: 0.83 [0.71-0.96]). Among the 38 patients with RT-qPCR-confirmed CHIKV or DENV, there were no significant differences in symptomatic presentation. However when individuals with serological evidence of recent DENV or CHIKV infection were included in the analyses, there were key differences in
Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection on Grande Comore Island, Union of the Comoros, 2005
2007
An outbreak of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) illness associated with high fever combined with prolonged and severe arthralgias occurred on Grande Comore Island from January through May 2005; 5,202 cases were reported. A seroprevalence study was conducted to define the extent of transmission on the island. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a multistage sampling technique. A total of 481 households were sampled. In each household, one resident was selected randomly for interview and blood collection. We administered questionnaires and tested 331 sera for CHIKV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infection with CHIKV infection (seropositivity) was defined as presence of IgG and/or IgM antibodies to CHIKV. A total of 331 (69%) of 481 survey participants consented to blood collection. Antibodies to CHIKV were detected in 63% of sera; IgM antibodies were found in 60% of specimens and IgG antibodies were detected in 27% of specimens. Extrapolation of the findings to the entire Grande Comore population suggested that nearly 215,000 people were infected with CHIKV during the outbreak. A total of 79% of the seropositive persons were hospitalized or stayed at home in bed for a mean of 6 days (range ס 1-30 days); 52% missed work or school for a mean of 7 days (range ס 1-40 days). The findings suggest that CHIKV was broadly transmitted during the outbreak with a high attack rate. Although not fatal during this outbreak, CHIKV infection caused significant morbidity and decreased economic productivity.
PLOS ONE, 2019
Introduction Longitudinal data and trends about chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are critical for its control, however in Mozambique very few studies were conducted over 5 decades, between 1957 and 2013. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the occurrence, geographical distribution and trend of anti-CHIKV antibodies between 2009 and 2015 in Mozambique using serum samples from febrile patients. Methods A total of 895 serum samples collected from febrile patients for measles and rubella surveillance between 2009 and 2015 in 127 districts of Mozambique were retrospectively tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against CHIKV using a commercially available ELISA. Results The median age of patients was 2 years (IQR: 1-5 years) and 44.2% (395/895) of them were female. We found that 54 (6.0%) of samples were positive for anti-IgM chikungunya, and 160 (17.9%) were positive for anti-CHIKV IgG. Antibodies against CHIKV (IgM and IgG) were identified in serum throughout 2009 to 2015. While frequency of IgG antibodies was significantly higher in 2015 as compared to other years, frequency of IgM antibodies was homogeneous between 2009 and 2015. Antibodies against CHIKV were reported in all provinces and in 84 (66.1%) of the districts studied. Frequency of IgM and IgG antibodies was not significantly similar between age groups.
Clinical and virological characterization of imported cases of Chikungunya fever
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2008
Klinische und virologische Charakterisierung importierter Fälle von Chikungunya Fieber Zusammenfassung. Im Jahr 2005 trat das Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) überraschend auf den Komoren, La Reunion, Mayotte, Mauritius, den Seychellen und Madagaskar auf und infizierte ca. 250.000 Einwohner und Touristen in nur einem Jahr. Seit Anfang März 2006 wurden verstärkt Chikungunya Fieber-ähnliche febrile Erkrankungen auch in mehreren Bundesstaaten Indiens gemeldet. Wir untersuchten deutsche Reisende auf CHIKV, die mit Arthralgien und/oder Fieber aus Afrika oder Asien heimgekehrt waren. 11 von 70 untersuchten Patienten wiesen spezifische Antikörper gegen CHIKV auf. Eine real-time-RT-PCR war positiv bei zwei Patienten aus Mauritius bzw. Rajasthan in Nord indien. In beiden Fällen konnte CHIKV isoliert und die Nukleinsäuresequenz des gesamten Genoms bestimmt werden. Erwartungsgemäß zeigten die Nukleinsäuresequenzen eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit anderen Isolaten der derzeitigen Epidemie. Insgesamt fanden wir nur 18 Nukleotidaustausche zwischen den Isolaten aus Mauritius und Rajasthan, die zu insgesamt sechs Aminosäureaustauschen führten (nsP1 T128K, T376M, nsP3 S472N, Kapsid P23S, V27I und E1-Protein A226V). Obwohl das unglaubliche Ausmaß der CHIKV-Epidemie auf den Inseln des Indischen Ozeans 2005/2006 zumindest teilweise mit der vollen Empfänglichkeit der betroffenen Bevölkerung erklärt wurde, deuten unsere Ergebnisse des Isolates aus Rajasthan eher auf eine bessere "Fitness" des Virus hin. Ob sich dies in einer höheren Virämie beim Menschen oder einer besseren Adaptation an bestimmte Vektorpopulationen und damit einer effektiveren Übertragung äußert, müssen zukünftige Untersuchungen zeigen. Eine diesbezüglich als relevant beschriebene Mutation im E1-Protein (A226V) war nur bei dem Isolate aus Mauritius zu finden. Das