The relation of positive emotions to post partum depression (original) (raw)
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Is Positive Affect in Pregnancy Protective of Postpartum Depression?
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2013
Objective: To investigate the predictive/protective role of negative affect/positive affect in late pregnancy on the outcome of postpartum depression. Methods: A total of 491 pregnant women Results: Negative affect was associated with more intense depressive negatively associated with these variables. Negative affect in late pregnancy increased the Conclusion focusing on decreasing negative affect and enhancing positive affect in the last trimester of pregnancy can reduce the risk of postpartum depression.
Turning the pink cloud grey: Dampening of positive affect predicts postpartum depressive symptoms
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2014
Objective: Maladaptive response styles to negative affect have been shown to be associated with prospective (postpartum) depression. Whether maladaptive styles to positive affect are also critically involved is understudied, even though anhedonia (a correlate of low positive affectivity) is a cardinal symptom of depression. The present study is the first to investigate the predictive value of cognitive response styles to both negative (depressive rumination) and positive affect (dampening) for postpartum depressive symptoms. Methods: During the third trimester of pregnancy, 210 women completed self-report instruments assessing depression (symptom severity and current and/or past episodes) and scales gauging the presence of depressive rumination and dampening. Of these women, 187 were retained for postpartum follow-up, with depressive symptoms being reassessed at 12 (n = 171) and 24 (n = 176) weeks after delivery. Results: Regression analyses showed that higher levels of dampening of positive affect during pregnancy predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms at 12 and 24 weeks postpartum, irrespective of initial symptom severity, past history of depression and levels of rumination to negative affect. Prepartum trait levels of rumination, however, did not predict postpartum symptomatology when controlled for baseline symptoms and history of major depressive episode(s). Conclusions: The results of this investigation suggest that the way women cognitively respond to positive affect contributes perhaps even more to the development of postpartum depression than maladaptive response styles to negative affect.
Promoting positive parenthood: emotional health in pregnancy
Australian Midwifery, 2003
Depression is a common problem in the general population and is projected to be one of the major health issues facing the world in 2020 (WHO). Serious consequences exist for the sufferer, and the family. Given that women are twice as likely to suffer from depression, and are at particular risk in the child bearing years, children from infancy may be affected, with long term ramifications. Postnatal depression (PND) occurs in 14% of women, and there may be a similar number affected antenatally. The perinatal period thus is a crucial time to identify depression, and offers an excellent opportunity to screen women due to their increased contact with health services.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2013
Objective-The association between maternal psychological state during pregnancy and birth outcomes is well established. The focus of previous studies has been on the potentially detrimental consequences of maternal stress on pregnancy and birth outcomes, particularly shortened gestation and increased risk of preterm birth. Despite a growing literature linking positive affect with favorable health outcomes this construct has received little attention in the context of pregnancy. Therefore, in the current study, we tested the hypothesis that maternal positive affect during pregnancy is associated with beneficial consequences in terms of increased length of gestation and reduced risk of preterm birth above that of the absence of stress. Methods-In 169 pregnant women maternal positive affect and perceived stress were serially assessed at 15.2 ± 0.9 weeks (T1; mean ± SD), 19.7 ± 0.9 weeks (T2) and 30.7 ± 0.7 weeks (T3) gestation. Pregnancy and birth outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. Results-Higher maternal positive affect and a steeper increase in maternal positive affect over pregnancy were positively associated with length of gestation (p < .05) and reduced risk of preterm delivery (p < .01), whereas maternal perceived stress was not significantly associated with shorter length of gestation (p > .10).
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 2010
Postpartum negative mood interferes with maternal-infant bonding and carries long-term negative consequences for infant growth. We examined the effects of birth-related risks on mother's postpartum anxiety and depression. A community cohort of 1,844 low-risk women who delivered a singleton term baby completed measures assessing delivery, emotions during labor, attitudes toward pregnancy and infant, mood regulation, and postpartum anxiety and depression. Under conditions of low risk, 20.5% of parturient women reported high levels of depressive symptoms. Following Cesarean Section Delivery (CSD), 23% reported high depressive symptoms, compared to 19% following Vaginal Delivery (VGD), and 21% after Assisted Vaginal Delivery (AVGD). State anxiety was highest in CSD and lowest in VGD. Mothers undergoing CSD experienced labor as most negative, reported highest somatic symptoms during the last trimester, and were least efficient in regulating negative mood. Postpartum depression was independently associated with higher maternal age, CSD, labor pain, lower negative and higher positive emotions during labor, inefficient mood regulation, somatic symptoms, and more negative and less positive perception of fetus during last trimester. Results demonstrate that elevated depressive symptoms are prevalent in the postpartum even under optimal socioeconomic and health conditions and increase following CSD. Interventions to increase positive infant-related perceptions and emotions may be especially important for promoting bond formation following CSD.
On cloud nine? Maternal emotional wellbeing six weeks up to one year postpartum – A cross-sectional study, 2023
Background: Little is known about the full scope of emotional wellbeing of mothers up to one year postpartum, to adequately support women during transition to motherhood. Reduced emotional wellbeing (REW) affects women's adaption to the changes and challenges in becoming a mother. We aimed to increase the knowledge and understanding of mothers' emotional wellbeing and the influencing factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 385 Flemish mothers up to one year postpartum. Online data were collected with the General Health Questionnaire-12, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, Personal Well-Being Index-Adult, The Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Sense of Coherence-13 and Coping Operations Preference Enquiry. Results: A total of 63.9% of the participants reported REW. Mothers with REW more often had (a history of) psychological problems compared to mothers with healthy emotional wellbeing (p = 0.007). Multiple linear regression analysis showed negative associations between emotional wellbeing and satisfaction (p = 0.002; p < 0.001), comprehensibility (p = 0.013) and positive associations between emotional wellbeing and bonding (p < 0.001), manageability (p = 0.033), problem solving (p = 0.030) and avoidance (p = 0,011)-with an explained variance of 55.5%. Limitations: Some limitations of our study are the GHQ-12 cutoff value, the nature and implication of (a history of) psychological problems and the self-selected population. Conclusion: It would be of worth for midwives to discuss with mothers (to be) what to expect. This-to support mothers in making sense of their life as a mother and how various factors might influence their emotional wellbeing. The high prevalence of REW is worrying, but needs to be interpreted with caution.
Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 2007
Recent research suggests that negative childbirth experiences may cause maternal maladjustment. The impact of intranatal emotional distress, intranatal physical discomfort and postnatal emotional evaluation of birth on symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression is investigated with regard to the moderating role of emotional support from the partner. Subjective childbirth experience measured with the German version of the Salmons Item List, obstetric characteristics and postnatal emotional support from the partner were assessed in 374 women six weeks after childbirth. Trauma symptoms and postnatal depression were measured five months after childbirth. Postnatal emotional partner support acts as a moderator of the effect of the subjective childbirth experience on the development of symptoms of avoidance, intrusive thoughts and depression. The direct influence of emotional partner support is stronger regarding symptoms of depression and hyperarousal than regarding avoidance and intrusive thoughts. No direct association between intranatal physical discomfort/labour pain and later maternal adjustment could be found. Women with a negative childbirth experience and poor emotional support from their partner are at increased risk for psychological maladjustment in the first five months after birth.
Predictors of happiness among pregnant women: a regression analysis
Electronic physician, 2019
Background: Happiness can influence on the psychological well-being and physical health of pregnant women. Mood swings during pregnancy affect attachment to the child and negative emotions are associated with increased risk of low birth weight, early delivery, and failure in breastfeeding. Objective: This study aimed to assess the happiness and its predictor variables among pregnant women. Methods: This study was conducted on 480 pregnant women referred to AL-Zahra teaching hospital in Rasht (Iran) in 2018. The study employed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 21, using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 88 (18.3%) women had low happiness level, 314 (65.4%) moderate level, and 78 (16.3%) high level of happiness. Their happiness had a significant association with age (p=0.001), education (p=0.041), occupation (p=0.029), marital satisfaction (p=0.001), husband's education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.001), order of pregnancy (p=0.001), planned pregnancy (p=0.001), abortion history (p=0.003), comorbid disease (p=0.032), and family support (p=0.001). Out of these factors, marital satisfaction (B=0.205), planned pregnancy (B=0.374), and monthly income (B=0.359) were identified to explain the variance in independent variables in pregnant women. Conclusion: By identification of the predictors of happiness, obstetricians and midwives can improve the happiness level of pregnant women by providing information and eliminating unnecessary worries.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Several studies have investigated the topic of emotion regulation and self-perception in women during pregnancy, which turns out to be a critical event for the woman approaching psycho-physical changes. The objectives of the study were the evaluation and monitoring, during pregnancy, of emotional states and levels of self-efficacy and the analysis of the representations of self and the child. Methods: Twenty women (M = 34.60; SD = 4.60) in the 28-week gestation period participated in the research. We performed three administrations (T0-1-2) of an ad hoc questionnaire containing: personal data; Maternal Representations in Pregnancy Interview—IRMAG; Multidimensional Emotion Questionnaire—MEQ; Perceived Self-Efficacy in Complex Situations Scale. Results: Both qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the future mother’s strategies and functional resources focus on perceiving herself as effective in the acquired role, despite the pregnancy itself being a highly stressf...