Pre-hospital and prescription use of antibacterial drugs at a secondary health centre in Ibadan, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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The burden of antibiotic resistance in the hospitals and communities is progressively worsening hence the critical need to put into practice all the key components of rational use of antibiotics in our daily patient interactions. This paper aims to highlight the problem of antibiotic resistance, the importance of rational use of antibiotics and to show an on the spot sketch of the antibiotic use pattern among in-patients in the children wards in a tertiary hospital. Methodology: A brief review of the existing literature on antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibiotics was done. A one-day cross-sectional point prevalence study was conducted in the children wards in UPTH and all children receiving antibiotics on that day, identified. The prevalence of antibiotic use was determined by dividing the number of inpatients on antibiotics at the time of the survey by the total number of patients on admission. Data were presented in percentages using pie and bar charts. Results: There were a total of 40 children on admission in the paediatric wards with a Male: Female ratio of 1.2:1. 34 (85.0%) of the children on admission were receiving at least one antibiotic. The most common route of administration of the antibiotics was the intravenous route (94.1%). The five most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the children medical wards and the emergency ward were Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin, Cefuroxime, Metronidazole and Crystalline penicillin, while the five Chioma; IJTDH, 41(14): 39-47, 2020; Article no.IJTDH.61194 40 most common antibiotics prescribed in the special care baby unit were Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole and Ofloxacin. Only 10 (29.4%) out of children receiving antibiotics had a microbiology culture result available, and 4 were receiving antibiotics in line with the culture sensitivity pattern. Two (5.9%) children had a multidrug-resistant infection. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of antibiotic use among inpatients and low utilization of microbiology culture results in the choice of antibiotics in a tertiary hospital in Southsouth Nigeria. Antibiotic prescribing patterns among healthcare workers should be improved upon by training and retraining of personnel as well as strict adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020
Background The evaluation of antibiotic use among hospitalized patients is a primary step required to design antibiotic stewardship intervention. There is paucity of data describing antibiotic use in hospitals across Northern Nigeria. This study evaluates the prevalence and indications for antibiotic use among inpatients in three acute care hospitals. Methods A point-prevalence survey was conducted among patients in the wards before or at 8.00 a.m. on the day of the survey, using the point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals protocol. The survey was conducted between April and May 2019. The medical records of the patients were reviewed by a clinical pharmacist with the support of physicians and nurses. Results Overall, 80.1% (257/321) of the patients used at least one antibiotic on the day of the survey. The prevalence of antibiotic use ranged from 72.9% in obstetrics and gynecology to 94.6% in pediatric medica...
Background: The danger associated with unguided and unmonitored prescribing of antibiotics in health institutions calls for antibiotic policies in order to avoid deviation from the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Institutions that uphold compliance should be highly commended. This study was aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Trend and adherence-check on antibiotics prescriptions in compliance with the WHO and the institutions essential drug lists (IEDL), identification of prevalent infections especially from clients sent to the laboratory for various investigations before prescriptions were reviewed from 620 Hospital cards of the General OutPatients Department (GOPD). Results: Gender distribution was females 343(55.3%) than males 277 (44.7%), with the majority age range of 25-34 years 227 (36.6%). From a total of 820 (single and multiple requests), stool specimen 257 (31%) was the highest, followed by urine, blood and sputum. Though, the females had higher percentage of request from the GOPD of BHUTH, but with no significant difference between the number of laboratory investigations in relation to gender at p<0.05 (p=0.7022). In addition, the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotics was Quinolones (51.8%). This was followed by Penicillins (21.6%), Sulfonamides (13.5%), Tetracyclins (12.2%) and Cephalosphorins (0.9%) respectively from monotherapy (90.5%) and multiple therapies (9.5%). Also, there is no significant difference between the category of antibiotics prescribed and gender at p<0.05 (p=0.6788) in BHUTH. The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was respiratory tract infections (26.3%). Present study indicated significant relationship between gender and common diagnoses to antibiotics prescribing at p<0.05 (p=3.88) in BHUTH. All (100%) prescribed antibiotics were found in both WHO and BHUTH Essential Drug Lists. Conclusion: This study points out good compliance antibiotic prescribing practice with WHO and institutional recommended standards. It further showed that females are prescribed with antibiotics more than their male counterparts.
Bangladesh Journal of Medicine, 2018
Background: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infections caused by suspected or confirmed organism(s). Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing could lead to treatment failure increase cases of toxicity and development of resistant strains of organism.Objective: To assess the pattern of antibiotics prescribing among physician in the General Outpatients Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in Ilorin.Method: The study involved a 6 month retrospective review of prescription sheets in the General Outpatient Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) to assess the prescription pattern. A total of 3,552 prescriptions were reviewed. Information on prescribing pattern of physicians and patient demographics were obtained through a date collection form. The data obtained were entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 16 and analyzed using descriptive value. Logistic regression was used in inferential statistic and P values  0.05 were...
Assessment of Rational Antibiotic Prescribing in Public Hospitals in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2020
Antibiotics are the most commonly used medicines in healthcare facilities globally; and they are often misused, especially in developing countries. Periodic assessment of antibiotic prescribing practices is essential to improve prescribing standards and ensure rational use. A cross-sectional, retrospective evaluation of antibiotic prescribing in public secondary and tertiary hospitals in Nasarawa State, Nigeria was carried out. A total of 2800 case sheets of patients who accessed the hospitals under review during the period 2008-2018 were randomly sampled and evaluated. Prescribing indicators of World Health Organization (WHO) and Strengthening Pharmaceutical System/United States Agency for International Development (SPS/USAID) were evaluated and compared with published standards for each of the indicators to identify irrational antibiotic use. Percentage of hospitalization with one or more antimicrobials prescribed was 75.6%. Average number of antimicrobials prescribed per hospital...
An assessment of antimicrobial prescribing at a tertiary hospital in north-western Nigeria
2016
Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use is a public health problem worldwide. Misuse of these agents is one of the drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is believed to be the next pandemic. Consequently, auditing antimicrobial prescription patterns can provide useful information on the scope and extent of this problem. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe outpatient antimicrobial drug prescribing at the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive drug utilization study carried out prospectively during a 2 week period in May 2015. Six objective World Health Organization (WHO) indicators were used to assess the rationality of antimicrobial prescribing at the site. Data collected on antimicrobials included type, route of administration, dose and dosing frequency as well as length of therapy. Average costs (both prescription and antibiotic) were obtained by dividing...
Antibiotic Prescription Profiles in some Health Institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
The study was undertaken to evaluate antibiotic prescription pattern and usage in some health institutions in Kebbi State. This retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescription was carried out by assessing patients' medical records in ve general hospitals and a private hospital located in different regions in the state. Records such as age of patients, diagnosis, types of antibiotics prescribed & duration and type of test performed before antibiotics were prescribed were collated and analyzed. The result showed that 46.10% of the patients who visited those hospitals were prescribed antibiotics. Predominantly higher proportion of adults was prescribed antibiotics than children and more males were prescribed antibiotics than females. Culture and sensitivity tests were hardly performed in the hospitals. The predominant infection requiring antibiotic prescription was gastrointestinal in nature accounting for over 25% of infections in which antibiotics were prescribed. Regrettably however, majority of prescriptions containing antibiotics did not show any specic diagnosis rather only symptoms were recorded. The vastly employed antimicrobial agents across the six health institutions were β-lactams and metronidazole; and about half of the total number of cases did not show a treatment regimen of up to ve days. However, combination therapy is very common with an average overall percentage of 62.89%.
Retrospective Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in Public Hospitals in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
World Journal of Innovative Research, 2020
Antibiotics are the most frequently used group of drugs in healthcare delivery. Their usage pattern varies between countries and healthcare facilities. Hence, the assessment of their usage pattern in healthcare facilities is pivotal to the successful management of infectious diseases. A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study on antibiotic prescription pattern in public hospitals in Nasarawa State, Nigeria was carried out. A total of 2800 case sheets of patients which accessed public hospitals during the period of 10 years (2008-2018) were randomly sampled and reviewed. The socio-demographic data of the patients in the case sheets were also collected. Antibiotic use by the patients and the use in relation to their socio-demographic factors were determined using descriptive statistics. The overall percentage antibiotic use in Nasarawa State was 45.8%. Nasarawa West (64.4%) had highest use; while Nasarawa South (52.7%) was the lowest. More females (63.4%) than males (61.3%) used antibiotics. Highest use was observed at age 0-10 yr (67.0%); and lowest at >50 yr (49.9%). More in-patients (75.6%) than outpatients (52.7%) used antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin (28.0%) was the most commonly used antibiotic; and streptomycin (0.4%) was the least used. More oral antibiotics (63.4%) than injectables (36.4%) were used. the antibiotic use in typhoid fever (39.8%) was highest; and lowest in eye infections (0.5%). The percentage used of antibiotics under the period reviewed was high and antibiotics namely; ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and metronidazole were most common antibiotic prescribed.