Long-term effect of lifestyle interventions in the cardiovascular and all-cause mortality of subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (original) (raw)

Background: Lifestyle interventions improve the metabolic control of individuals with hyperglycemia. We aimed to determine the effect of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in this population. Methods: Searches were made through MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science (no date/language restriction, until May 15, 2022). Were included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, comparing intensive lifestyle interventions to usual care, and a minimum of 2 years of active intervention. Data from the 11 RCTs selected were extracted in duplicate. A frequentist and arm-based meta-analysis was performed using random effects models to estimate relative risk (RR) for mortality, and heterogeneity was assessed through I2 metrics. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was performed to confirm the findings. Results: Lifestyle interventions were not superior to usual care in reducing cardiovascular (RR, 0.99; ...

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