Application Timing Affects Tolerance of Zoysiagrass to Fluazifop‐P‐butyl and Safening Effect of Triclopyr (original) (raw)
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ats, 2006
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HortTechnology, 2012
In transitional environments, turf managers and sod producers of warm-season grasses face the issue of winter annual weeds that can dominate dormant turf stands through the winter until late spring. The use of glyphosate to control weeds in dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) has been well documented, but information is lacking about its effect on spring green-up of other warm-season grasses. A field study was conducted on two commercial sod farms in northern Italy (Expt. 1) to evaluate the effects of glyphosate applied on two different winter dates on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A second study was carried out at the experimental agricultural farm of Padova University (Expt. 2) to assess the effects of a winter application of glyphosate on weed control and spring green-up of ‘Yukon’ bermudagrass and ‘Companion’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Each experiment was conducted from Jan. to June 2011, and glyphosate was applied at 1.1 kg·ha...
Crop Science, 2015
ABSTRACTAtrazine and simazine control weeds in warm‐season turfgrasses, but excessive injury limits applications to sensitive species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological basis for differential tolerances of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) to atrazine and simazine. In greenhouse experiments, hierarchical shoot mass reductions from the nontreated by species were: seashore paspalum > bermudagrass > zoysiagrass for atrazine and seashore paspalum > bermudagrass = zoysiagrass for simazine. Atrazine and simazine treatments to soil only or foliar plus soil reduced shoot mass similarly, averaging 45% from nontreated, while foliar‐only treatments reduced shoot mass 22% from the nontreated. Species rank for root absorption of both herbicides after 48 h from high to low was seashore paspalum > bermudagrass > zoysiagrass. All species had acropetal transloc...
Applied Turfgrass Science, 2014
H erbicides such as Barricade (i.e., prodiamine), Ronstar (i.e., oxadiazon), Specticle (i.e., indaziflam), and Pendulum AquaCap (i.e., pendulum) are regularly used for preemergence (PRE) control of summer and winter annual weeds in hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey). Residual activity of these herbicides in soil allows for effective weed control for several weeks after treatment in either spring or fall. Applications of these herbicides in spring for PRE control of smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum Schreb.) have no effect on common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) tolerance to simulated traffic in spring (Brosnan et al., 2011). However, it is unclear if PRE herbicide applications in spring would affect hybrid bermudagrass tolerance to fall traffic events. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of PRE herbicide applications in spring on hybrid bermudagrass tolerance to simulated traffic in fall. Design Research was conducted on well-established weed-free stands of 'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass at the University of Tennessee Center for Athletic Field Safety (Knoxville, TN) during 2012-2013. Soil was a Sequatchie silt loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic humic Hapludult) measuring 6.2 in soil pH and 2.5% in organic matter content. Turf was mowed three times per week with a triplex reel mower (TriKing 1900D; Jacobsen, Charlotte, NC) at 0.875 inches from May through October. Clippings were not collected and allowed to return to the surface during mowing. Fertilizer nutrients were supplied using complete fertilizer (21N-4.7 P-13.2K) at 1 lb N per 1000 ft 2 mo-1 from April through September. Irrigation was supplied to supplement rainfall and drought stress was not observed at any time. PRE herbicides included in this experiment included Specticle 20WP (2.5 and 3.75 oz/acre), Ronstar 2G (200 lb/acre), Pendulum AquaCap (101 fl oz/acre), Barricade 65WG (2.3 lb/
Effect of Preemergence Herbicides on Hybrid Bermudagrass Divot Resistance and Recovery
HortScience
Divoting is a common occurrence on golf courses and athletic fields. Research was conducted at the University of Tennessee Center for Athletic Field Safety (Knoxville, TN) during 2012–13 evaluating the effects of preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications on hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy, cv. Tifway] divot resistance and recovery. Plots were subjected to the factorial combination of seven herbicide treatments (indaziflam at 35 and 52.5 g·ha−1; prodiamine at 840 g·ha−1; pendimethalin at 3360 g·ha−1; dithiopyr at 560 g·ha−1; oxadiazon at 3360 g·ha−1; non-treated control) and three divot timings [1, 2, and 3 months after herbicide treatment (MAT)]. Rates were based on label recommendations for preemergence crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) control. Herbicides were applied on 15 Mar. 2012 and 2013. Divots were generated using a weighted pendulum apparatus designed to impart 531 J of impact energy to the turf sward with a golf club. Divot resistance w...
Renovating golf course fairways with zoysiagrass seed
Hortscience, 2004
Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) requires few inputs and provides high-quality turf in the transition zone, but is expensive to sprig or sod. Establishment by seed is less expensive than vegetative establishment, but little is known about renovation of existing turf to zoysiagrass using seed. Two experiments were performed to determine effects of herbicides and seeding rates on establishment of zoysiagrass in Indiana and Kentucky. In the fi rst experiment, interseeding zoysiagrass into existing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) without the use of glyphosate before seeding resulted in 2% zoysiagrass coverage 120 days after seeding (DAS). In plots receiving glyphosate before seeding, zoysiagrass coverage reached 100% by 120 DAS. In the second experiment, MSMA + dithiopyr applied 14 days after emergence (DAE) or MSMA applied at 14+28+42 DAE provided the best control of annual grassy weeds and the greatest amount of zoysiagrass establishment. Applying MSMA + dithiopyr 14 DAE provided 7% less zoysiagrass coverage compared to MSMA applied 14 DAE at one of the four locations. Increasing the seeding rate from 49 kg·ha -1 to 98 kg·ha -1 provided 3% to 11% more zoysiagrass coverage by the end of the growing season at 3 of 4 locations. Successful zoysiagrass establishment in the transition zone is most dependent on adequate control of existing turf using glyphosate before seeding and applications of MSMA at 14+28+42 DAE, but establishment is only marginally dependent on seeding rates greater than 49 kg·ha -1 . Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); monosodium methanearsenate (MSMA); S,S-dimethyl 2-(difl uoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(trifl urormethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbothioate (dithiopyr).
Indaziflam Programs for Weed Control in Overseeded Bermudagrass Turf
HortTechnology
Indaziflam is an alkylazine herbicide that controls winter and summer annual weeds in bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) turf by inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis. Research was conducted in Tennessee and Texas during 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the effects of indaziflam applications on overseeded perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) establishment and summer annual weed control. In Texas, perennial ryegrass cover on plots treated with indaziflam at 0.75 and 1.0 oz/acre measured 37% to 48% compared with 88% for the untreated control 257 days after initial treatment (DAIT). Perennial ryegrass cover following applications of indaziflam at 0.5 oz/acre measured 84% 257 DAIT and did not differ from the untreated control on any evaluation date. Inconsistent responses in crabgrass (Digitaria sp.) control with indaziflam at 0.5 oz/acre were observed in Tennessee and Texas. However, control was similar to the 0.75-oz/acre rate and prodiamine at 7.8 oz/acre at each location. A September application of ind...
Immediate Irrigation Improves Turfgrass Safety to Postemergence Herbicides
HortScience, 2019
Summer annual grassy weeds such as goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) continue to be problematic to control selectively with postemergence (POST) herbicides within turfgrass stands. In recent years, reduced performance by certain herbicides (e.g., foramsulfuron), cancellation of goosegrass-specific herbicides (e.g., diclofop-methyl), and cancellation and/or severe use reductions of other herbicides [e.g., monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA)] have limited the options for satisfactory control and maintenance of an acceptable (≤30% visual turfgrass injury) turfgrass quality. Currently available herbicides (e.g., topramezone and metribuzin) with goosegrass activity typically injure warm-season turfgrass species. The objectives of this research were to evaluate both ‘Tifway 419’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ×Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] injury after treatment with POST herbicides, and to determine whether irrigating immediately after application reduces turfgrass in...
Application of herbicides as growth regulators of emerald Zoysia grass fertilized with Nitrogen
SEMINA: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS
Nitrogen (N) is essential for nutrition and for the maintenance of the intense green color of lawns. However, this element affects shoot growth and, therefore, mowing frequency, which is a key factor of lawn-maintenance costs. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the use of nitrogen fertilization in combination with the use of potential herbicides as growth regulators to promote the maintenance of the high visual (intense green) and nutritional quality of lawns of emerald Zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.) grown in Ultisol soil while reducing their leaf growth. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching, Research and Extension Education Farm (Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão) of São Paulo State University (Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP), Ilha Solteira Campus/ São Paulo (SP), from June/2012 to June/2013. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 20 treatments established in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates, including four herbicides (glyphosate, imazaquin, imazethapyr, and metsulfuron-methyl, applied at doses of 200, 420, 80, and 140 g ha -1 active ingredient (a.i.), respectively) and a control (without herbicide), and four N doses (0, 5, 10, and 20 g m -2 ), split into five applications delivered throughout the year. The following items were evaluated: length, LCI (leaf chlorophyll index), leaf dry matter production and leaf N concentration and the percentage of phytotoxicity on lawn grass shoots. Doses from 10 to 20 g m -2 N provided sufficient N concentrations to maintain the emerald Zoysia. The herbicides metsulfuron-methyl and glyphosate were superior in the control of lawn leaf growth. While the former was phytotoxic, the latter had no effect on the aesthetic quality of the lawn, standing out as an herbicide that may be used at a dose of 200 g ha -1 to regulate the growth of emerald Zoysia.
Spring transition of overseeded turf has become a major challenge to turfgrass managers in the southern United States. Turf-type ryegrasses which exhibit increased mowing and heat tolerance have made the return of bermudagrass problematic, especially in common bermudagrass. Herbicides were evaluated for use as a Spring transition agent to decrease ryegrass competition/enhance bermudagrass. Treatments of TADS 14776 experimental herbicide, Manor, Kerb and Corsair were applied to overseeded common bermudagrass on may 6, 2001.