Total Mercury ContentcFish Weight Relationship in Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) Caught in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (original) (raw)
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Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2001
The total mercury content in the edible part of sword"sh (Xiphias gladius) was determined in 192 specimens ranging from 10 to 412 kg, in the period January 1997}December 1999. Total mercury values between 0.04 and 2.21 mg kg\, with a mean value of 0.62$0.35 mg kg\, were obtained. Data were analyzed in two subsets. One of them, for specimens under 100 kg, yielded a mean value for total mercury content of 0.53$0.02 mg kg\, and the other, for specimens above 100 kg, had a mean value of 0.94$0.06 mg kg\. The existence of these subsets of data is related with the rate of mercury incorporation into sword"sh #esh, in accordance with a potential model for total mercury bioaccumulation. Sword"sh weighing below 100 kg can be considered safe for human consumption, according to international regulations.
Mercury (Hg) is a global environmental pollutant that has been the cause of many public health concerns. It is transferred through trophic level and bio magnification in the food chain. Total Hg level was measured by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry in muscle tissue of 176 Swordfish (Xiphiasgladius) samples ranging from 11.8-112.0 kg total weight and 45-278 cm total length, collected from major fish landing sites in Sri Lanka during July 2009 to March 2010. Total Hg concentration varied between 0.18-2.58 mg/kg wet weight (ww), with a mean value ± standard deviation of 0.90 ± 0.52 mg/kg ww. Of the investigated samples 32% exceeded Hg limits as set by the European Union and Sri Lankan legislation (1 mg/kg, ww). Hg concentration of swordfish showed a significant positive relationship (P value < 0.05) with the fish length and weight. Consequently, consumption of larger fish leads to an increase in the exposure level for consumers.
Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science
A total of 226 swordfish samples collected from Taiwanese fishing vessels in the Indian and Atlantic oceans were examined for total mercury (THg) and organic Hg (OHg). Analysis of 56 pooled white muscle samples showed that THg and OHg concentrations ranged from 0.056 to 3.97 (1.3 AE 0.97) and from 0.043 to 3.92 (1.01 AE 0.82) mg g À1 flesh mass, respectively. These values were similar to those from various previous studies during the past three decades. THg and OHg were significantly linearly correlated with fork length (FL, cm) of the fish from Indian and Atlantic oceans; however, there was no significant OHg%-FL relationship. OHg and THg also were significantly correlated. Fishes with FL 140 cm met the methyl Hg (meHg) regulatory standard set by the European Commission Decision (meHg 1.0); and fish with FL 211 cm met the Taiwanese Food and Hygiene Standard (meHg 2.0). Weekly swordfish consumption rates and amounts are recommended accordingly.
Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant of global importance that adversely impacts ecological and human health. A total of 140 Thunnus albacores (yellowfin tuna) and 176 of Xiphias gladius (swordfish) samples collected from the Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka in the period of July 2009 to March 2010 were examined for total mercury content and used to evaluate the mercury intake of Sri Lankan population. Total mercury concentrations of muscular tissues of fish were determined using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that the highest mercury concentration were noted in swordfish 0.90±0.52 mg/kg, wet weight and followed by yellowfin tuna (0.30±0.18 mg/kg, wet weight). The projected intake values of mercury through human consumption were calculated (µg kg -1 body wt. weekly -1) and were compared with those of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) per kg body weight as stipulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and Joint ...
Mercury Content in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and Estimation of Mercury Intake
Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant of global importance that adversely impacts ecological and human health. A total of 140 Thunnus albacores (yellowfin tuna) and 176 of Xiphias gladius (swordfish) samples collected from the Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka in the period of July 2009 to March 2010 were examined for total mercury content and used to evaluate the mercury intake of Sri Lankan population. Total mercury concentrations of muscular tissues of fish were determined using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that the highest mercury concentration were noted in swordfish 0.90±0.52 mg/kg, wet weight and followed by yellowfin tuna (0.30±0.18 mg/kg, wet weight). The projected intake values of mercury through human consumption were calculated (µg kg -1 body wt. weekly -1 ) and were compared with those of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) per kg body weight as stipulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).The estimated PTWI were lower than for yellowfin tuna and swordfish stipulated guidelines and therefore, was not considered to pose adverse effects to the humans with the present fish consumption volume.
Food Additives and Contaminants, 2007
A total of 226 swordfish samples collected from Taiwanese fishing vessels in the Indian and Atlantic oceans were examined for total mercury (THg) and organic Hg (OHg). Analysis of 56 pooled white muscle samples showed that THg and OHg concentrations ranged from 0.056 to 3.97 (1.3 AE 0.97) and from 0.043 to 3.92 (1.01 AE 0.82) mg g À1 flesh mass, respectively. These values were similar to those from various previous studies during the past three decades. THg and OHg were significantly linearly correlated with fork length (FL, cm) of the fish from Indian and Atlantic oceans; however, there was no significant OHg%-FL relationship. OHg and THg also were significantly correlated. Fishes with FL 140 cm met the methyl Hg (meHg) regulatory standard set by the European Commission Decision (meHg 1.0); and fish with FL 211 cm met the Taiwanese Food and Hygiene Standard (meHg 2.0). Weekly swordfish consumption rates and amounts are recommended accordingly.
Concentrations of Mercury in Fresh and Salted Marine Fish From the Canary Islands
Journal of Food Protection, 1994
A statistical study of recovery has been carried out in five mineralization procedures: i) HNO3/H2SO4 (1:1), 45°C/15 h; ii) HNO3, 100°C (teflón pump)/l h.; iii) HNO3/H2SO4 (1:1), 100°C (teflon pump)/l h; iv) H2SO4/HCI (1:1), 100°C (teflon pump)/l h; and v) Lumaton, 45°C/24 h, for determination of mercury (cold vapor - A.A.S.) in muscle of fish. Only in method 1 there is no evidence of the systematic error (P > 0.05). This method was applied to 449 samples of fresh and salted fish. Mean concentrations of mercury ranged of 0.014 ppm (Pagellus erythrinus) to 0.970 ppm (Lepidopus caudatus) for fresh fish, and for salted fish between 0.043 ppm (Diplodus sargus cadenati) and 0.172 ppm (Galeorhinus galeus). One can conclude that the low mercury level of analyzed samples was lower than fish species from some polluted areas of the Mediterranean Sea. No significant differences were observed between the mean concentrations of fresh and salted fish.
Neotropical Ichthyology, 2011
The Goiana River Estuary (7º30'S 34º47'W) is a typical estuary of the semi-arid tropical regions. This estuary shelters a rich fauna of fish, crustaceans and mollusks which play an important role in the life of traditional populations. It is also the main recipient of the effluents from the sugarcane agro-industry and sewage from settlements and villages. Trichiurus lepturus (n = 104), from the Goiana Estuary were examined for total mercury contents during ten months (2005 to 2007) spaning two dry seasons and part of a rainy season. The studied individuals showed weight (W) (204.1±97.9 g) and total length (TL) (63.1±10.1 cm, range 29.5-89.0 cm) with a significant (p<0.05) correlation. Correlation between TL and Hg-T (r = 0.37286) and between W and Hg-T (r = 0.38212) were positive and significant (p<0.05). Two-way ANOVA (n = 81) showed that TL and W had significant difference (p<0.05) among seasons. The Hg-T showed differences in relation to the factor season (p<0.05). The correlation between Hg-T and rainfall showed a negative and significant relation (r =-0.56; p<0.05). Rainfall strongly influenced the bioacumulation of mercury in this species. Dryer months showed relatively higher mercury concentrations than the end of the rainy season. Less rainfall, and consequently less particulate matter and less primary production in the estuary, make mercury more bioavailable. Fish from this estuary are fit for human consumption at all times of the year. O estuário do rio Goiana (7º30'S 34º47'W) é um típico estuário de região tropical semi-árida. Esse estuário abriga uma fauna rica de peixes, crustáceos e moluscos que tem um importante papel na vida da população tradicional. Ele também é o principal receptor de efluentes da agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar e esgoto das comunidades e vilas. Trichiurus lepturus (n = 104), do estuário do rio Goiana foram examinados para o conteúdo de mercúrio total durante dez meses (2005 a 2007) ao longo de duas estações secas e parte de uma estação chuvosa. Os indivíduos estudados apresentaram peso (P) (204,1±97,9 g) e comprimento total (CT) (63,1±10,1 cm, variação 29,5-89,0 cm) com uma correlação significativa (p<0,05). As correlações entre CT e Hg-T (r = 0,37286) e entre P e Hg-T (r = 0,38212) foram positivas e significativas. A ANOVA (2 fatores) (n = 81) mostrou que o CT e P apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre as estações. O Hg-T apresentou diferença em relação ao fator estação (p<0,05). A correlação entre Hg-T e a chuva apresentou uma relação negativa e significativa (r =-0,56; p<0,05). A precipitação pluviométrica influenciou fortemente a bioacumulação de mercúrio nessa espécie. Os meses secos apresentaram relativamente concentrações de mercúrio maiores do que o final da estação chuvosa. Isso sugere que a menor precipitação pluviométrica, e consequentemente a menor quantidade de material particulado e menor produtividade primária no estuário, torna o mercúrio mais biodisponível. Peixes desse estuário podem ser consumidos pela população humana ao longo de todo ano.