Evaluating Risk: Benefit Ratio of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplementation to SARS-CoV-2-Infected Autoimmune and Cancer Patients: Do Vitamin–Drug Interactions Exist? (original) (raw)
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Journal of Inflammation Research, 2021
The outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was initiated at Wuhan, Hubei, China, and there was a rapid spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19 in late 2019. The entire world is now experiencing the challenge of COVID-19 infection. However, still very few evidence-based treatment options are available for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. The present review aims to summarize the publicly available information to give a comprehensive yet balanced scientific overview of all the fat-soluble vitamins concerning their role in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The roles of different fat-soluble vitamins and micronutrients in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection have been recently explored in several studies. There are various hypotheses to suggest their use to minimize the severity of COVID-19 infection. These vitamins are pivotal in the maintenance and modulation of innate and cell-mediated, and antibody-mediated immune responses. The data reported in recent literature demonstrate that deficiency in one or more of these vitamins compromises the patients' immune response and makes them more vulnerable to viral infections and perhaps worse disease prognosis. Vitamins A, D, E, and K boost the body's defense mechanism against COVID-19 infection and specifically prevent its complications such as cytokine storm and other inflammatory processes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality overemphasis. However, more detailed randomized double-blind clinical pieces of evidence are required to define the use of these supplements in preventing or reducing the severity of the COVID-19 infection.
Roles of Vitamins in Immunity and COVID-19: A Literature Review
Media Gizi Indonesia
SARS-CoV-2 is a severe acute respiratory virus that causes Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, diet was undeniably important in immunity. In order to be more resilient during and after the pandemic, understanding the role of vitamins is crucial. This review aims to explore the role of vitamins in supporting the immune system and its correlation to COVID-19. The article search was done using five electronic databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and PMC). Some of the keywords utilized in the literature search were “vitamin A and immunity” OR “vitamin B and immunity” OR “vitamin C and immunity” OR “vitamin D and immunity” OR “vitamin E and immunity”. A total of 51 articles was assessed in this literature review. Research finds vitamin A plays a role in both innate immune system cell function and humoral immunity by regulating, differentiating, and maturing immune system cells. Vitamin B complex primarily reduces infl...
Applicability of vitamins in the management of COVID-19: An overview
The pandemic situation due to COVID-19 has crippled the lives of the whole world population and has affected almost every individual in one way or the other. Researchers have been intrigued due to the increasing number of strains and symptoms. Several approaches have been used to control the spread of this highly infectious disease: early detection of the infected individual, development of a suitable drug and containment of the spread of this virus. Although, several vaccines have been developed, they have shown to have their own limitations and side-effects. One of the measures which has been adopted by the global health agencies is to educate people (infected or uninfected) regarding the maintenance of strong immune system to prevent the infection and lessen the health complications. There are several important factors which determine the immunity of an individual. Eating balanced diet and maintaining the proper supplication of nutritional components are being suggested by health experts to keep the immunity strong. Minerals and vitamins must be maintained in the diet for proper health and immunity. Vitamins have various roles in human physiology. In this review, the relevance of vitamins in the maintenance of immunity has been discussed and reviewed in prevention of adverse health effects of COVID-19.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
COVID-19 is the deadly respiratory disease first detected in Wuhan, China on December 2019 [1]. As it has been spread (And continues to spread rapidly) worldwide and has become a serious health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a global pandemic in 11 March 2020. COVID-19 causes severe damage to the lung tissues, respiratory tissues and to the immune system. In severe cases COVID-19 can cause pneumonia, severe
Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19?
Nutrients
There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The role of vitamin and mineral supplementation or “immunonutrition” has previously been explored in a number of clinical trials in intensive care settings, and there are several hypotheses to support their routine use. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate whether vitamin supplementation is beneficial in COVID-19. A systematic search strategy with a narrative literature summary was designed, using the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Trials Register, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry, and Nexis media databases. The immune-mediating, antioxidant and antimicrobial roles of vitamins A to E were explored and their potential role in the fight against COVID-19 was evaluated. The major topics extracted for narrative synthesis were physiological and immunological roles of each vitamin, their role in respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and COVID-19. Vitam...
The Importance of Vitamins A, C, and D in the Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2
The continuing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was emerged in China, and has spread rapidly all over the whole world. Thousands of cases and deaths reported each day and it is an exceptional situation in which emergency response is required for many patients. While COVID-19 cases are seen in all age groups, death rates are high in cases of cancer that cause immunodeficiency, especially in elderly people with impaired immune systems, in those with chronic diseases. The interaction between infections and the immune system is clear and there is a lot of relevant literature information. By keeping the immune system strong, infections can be overcome with less damage, and the harmful effects of inflammation and death rates can be reduced. Vitamins A, C and D are effective in the active functioning of the immune system, and their deficiencies have many adverse conditions, particularly susceptibility to infections. Although there is no specific treatment method, antiviral drug or vaccine with proven reliability for the treatment of COVID-19, the drugs recommended by the World Health Organization are being used. The effectiveness and efficiency of these drugs are controversial. In addition to these drugs, alternative treatment approaches are needed. In this literature review, the importance of vitamins A, C and D on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and on the early-stage administration of high-dose intravenous (IV) C, oral A and D vitamins, which are alternative approaches, in the treatment of COVID-19 is shared.
Potential Inhibitory Effect of Vitamins Against COVID-19
Computers, Materials & Continua
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic that has affected more than 195 countries worldwide. In this severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, when treatment strategies are not yet clear and vaccines are not available, vitamins are an excellent choice to protect against this viral infection. The rationale behind this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of vitamins B, C, and D against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which have critical rolesin the immune system. Molecular docking, performed by using MOE-Dock of the Chemical Computing Group, was used to understand the mechanism. The vitamins all docked within the active sites of the M pro (PDB ID:6LU7) and ACE2 receptor proteins (PDB ID:6VW1). Vitamins B and C delivered maximum energy scores against both targets, while vitamin D displayed a binding energy score of −7.9532 kcal/mol for M pro and −7.9297 for ACE2. The efficiency of all three vitamins is higher than the binding energy score of chloroquine (−6.889 kcal/mol), which is now under clinical trials. The use of vitamins is beneficial, being immune system restorative, and they also act as anti-COVID agents. Although the potential beneficial effects of vitamin B and C are revealed through docking studies, further clinical trials are required for the validation of these results.
Potential Efficacy of Nutrient Supplements for Treatment or Prevention of COVID-19
Journal of Dietary Supplements
COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease of 2019), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents an ongoing global health challenge and the deadliest epidemic coronavirus outbreak to date. Early sequencing of the viral genome and knowledge from past coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS) has led to rapid advances in knowledge of how the virus spreads and infects human hosts. Unfortunately, advancing knowledge has not yet produced a treatment that substantially lowers morbidity or mortality and only recently resulted in the development of a vaccine that prevents severe disease. Mounting evidence supports the notion that dietary supplementation of key essential nutrients may contribute to the body's defenses against infection as well as bolster the body's responses to infection. Evidence supporting the potential beneficial roles of vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and B3 vitamins is reviewed here, revealing a combination of basic research elucidating underlying mechanisms of action, preclinical studies and human intervention studies has led to the proliferation of registered clinical trials on COVID-19. Overall, the data suggest this collection of nutrients has a promising impact on reducing the risk and/or severity of COVID-19, although firm conclusions await the results of these trials.
Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19
Inflammopharmacology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, it was declared a global pandemic. As the world grapples with COVID-19 and the paucity of clinically meaningful therapies, attention has been shifted to modalities that may aid in immune system strengthening. Taking into consideration that the COVID-19 infection strongly affects the immune system via multiple inflammatory responses, pharmaceutical companies are working to develop targeted drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19. A balanced nutritional diet may play an essential role in maintaining general wellbeing by controlling chronic infectious diseases. A balanced diet including vitamin A, B, C, D, E, and K, and some micronutrients such as zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorus may be beneficial in various infectious diseases. This study aimed to discuss and present recent data regarding the role of vitamins and minerals in the treatment of COVID-19. A deficiency of these vitamins and minerals in the plasma concentration may lead to a reduction in the good performance of the immune system, which is one of the constituents that lead to a poor immune state. This is a narrative review concerning the features of the COVID-19 and data related to the usage of vitamins and minerals as preventive measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19.
COVID-19: A brief overview on the role of Vitamins specifically Vitamin C as immune modulators and in prevention and treatment of SARS-Cov-2 infections
a pandemic of acute respiratory distress syndromes occurs in Wuhan, china, the early evidence suggests this may be due to exposure to local sea foods in china. The pathogen was isolated from Chinese patients and designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2). COVID-19 mainly affects lungs by producing respiratory predominant symptoms like fever, cough, flu and dyspnea. As SARS-Cov-2 firstly find a mechanism to escape the immune system of humans and animals followed by a huge release of cytokines named as cytokine storms and the hyper activation of the other immune system responses. To avoid these conditions in any type of viral infections such as in SARS-Cov-2 infections and influenza virus induce lung injury vitamin D is now is recently considered as proposed therapy. Vitamin C acts as strong antioxidant and help to scavenge all the damaged species that is why vitamin C is regarded helpful in SARS-Cov-2 and other viral infections. Many findings from different clinical studies show that vitamin C when administrated orally can reduce SAR-Cov-2 and other viral infection. Taking vitamin C intravenously has also profound effect on the reduction of viral infections. As health care workers and professional are risk community for COVID-19 so vitamin C should be included in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in this community. As vitamin C is also a prooxidant so smaller pharmacological concentration of vitamin C milli-molar is beneficial. But in case of COVID-19 high intravenous dose of vitamin C would be the right choice.