Speed Control of DC Series Motor with Conventional and PLC Techniques (original) (raw)
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IJERT-Comparative Analysis of Speed Control Techniques of DC Motors with Matlab
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2015
https://www.ijert.org/comparative-analysis-of-speed-control-techniques-of-dc-motors-with-matlab https://www.ijert.org/research/comparative-analysis-of-speed-control-techniques-of-dc-motors-with-matlab-IJERTV4IS050798.pdf In this paper, various speed control techniques for a dc shunt motor namely conventional method without using any controller, using a PID controller and speed control by Fuzzy Logic Controller have been discussed and a comparative analysis have been done between them. The models have been developed using MATLAB SIMULINK and the comparative analysis is based on the speed responses obtained by simulation of the models. Keywords-Speed Control, PID Controller, Fuzzy logic Controller, MATLAB, SIMULINK I INTRODUCTION DC motor is a power actuator which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. DC motor is used in applications where wide speed ranges are required. The greatest advantage of dc motors is speed control. The term speed control stands for intentional change of the drive speed to a value required for performing the specific work process. Speed control is either done manually by the operator or by means of some automatic control device. DC motors are most suitable for wide range speed control and are therefore used in many adjustable speed drives. Since speed is directly proportional to armature voltage and inversely proportional to magnetic flux produced by the poles, adjusting the armature voltage or the field current will change the rotor speed. Thus the conventional speed control techniques include the control of speed by three methods (i) By varying the flux per pole. This is known as flux control method. (ii) By varying the resistance in the armature circuit. This is known as armature control method. (iii) By varying the applied voltage V. This is known as voltage control method. Other than these, various controllers are used to have a better speed response of the DC motor. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller has been used for several decades in industries for process control applications. The combination of proportional, integral and derivative control action is called PID control action. PID controllers are commonly used to regulate the time-domain behavior of many different types of dynamic plants. These controllers are extremely popular because they can usually provide good closed-loop response characteristics. Though they give satisfactory results, an overshoot is observed and the settling time is more. Therefore manual tuning of PID controller is necessary. For further improvement of the speed response characteristics of the DC motor, another controller called Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) has been developed. Fuzzy logic control is a linguistic control algorithm which uses general statements instead of the mathematical equations to define the control scheme of the responses. Due to this technique, a wide range of values are included in the set which leads to better rise time, less speed fluctuations and overshoots. With fuzzy logic controller, manual tuning is eliminated and intelligent tuning takes the centre stage with satisfactory performance. DC motors is used in many industrial applications such as electric vehicles, steel rolling mills, electric cranes and robotic manipulators due to precise, wide, simple and continuous control characteristics. II MODELLING OF DC MOTOR The expression for speed of a DC motor is given as N= [V-I a (R a + R)]/k φ Therefore speed of DC motor can be varied by controlling the following quantities: (i) External resistance in armature circuit R (ii) Flux per pole φ (iii) Voltage of the armature V Fig1: DC Motor Model