Guidelines for the Design of High-Performance Perovskite Based Solar Cells (original) (raw)
Related papers
Analysis of Lead-free Perovskite solar cells
IRJET, 2022
The performance of solar systems based on organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials has rapidly improved, and they are rapidly approaching commercialization. Lead-free perovskites have recently gotten a lot of press as a potential replacement for harmful leadbased compounds. We present the optimized version here. Numerical simulations of a methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3)-based perovskite solar cell simulation. Different important characteristics, such as hole transport layers (HTLs) and doping, have an impact. The impact of density, thickness, and fault density on device performance is thoroughly investigated by using numerical simulation. The hole in the optimal device architecture is copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) and TiO2 as the electron transport layer, the maximum power conversion efficiency of 27.43 percent is achieved. The current density in the short circuit is 25.97 mA/cm2, the opencircuit voltage is 1.203 V, and the fill factor is 87.79 percent. This suggests that by tweaking device settings, highperformance lead-free perovskite solar cells could be achieved experimentally in the future.
Comparative Study of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Using Different Hole Transporter Materials
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science
In recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. The lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn much research interest due to the P b toxicity of the lead halide perovskite. CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 is a viable alternative to CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3. In this work, we designed a tin-based perovskite simulated model with the novel architecture of (TCO)/buffer (TiO 2)/absorber (Perovskite)/hole transport material (HTM) and analyzed using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), which is well adapted to study the photovoltaic architectures. In the paper, we studied the influences of perovskite thickness and the doping concentration on the solar cell performance through theoretical analysis and device simulation. The results are indicating that the lead-free CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 is having the great potential to be an absorber layer with suitable inorganic hole transport materials like CuI (PCE: 23.25%), Cu 2 O (PCE: 19.17%), organic hole transport materials like spiro-OMETAD (PCE: 23.76%) and PTAA (PCE: 23.74%) to achieve high efficiency. This simulation model will become a good guide for the fabrication of high efficiency tin-based perovskite solar. The results show that the lead-free CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 is a potential environmentally friendly solar cells with high efficiency.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
In recent years, the fourth generation of solar cells, known as hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), has made significant progress. In PSCs, the absorber layer is made of the economically advantageous material Methylammonium lead halide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3). The performance of PSCs depends heavily on the parameters of electron transport material (ETM), absorber layer and hole transport layer (HTL). In this study, Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)-1D was used to evaluate the performance of perovskite based solar cells for three different ETM Layers: ZnO, TiO 2 and SnO 2. Furthermore, by varying the defect density of the absorption layer, this study investigated Voc, Jsc, FF, and Efficiency. According to the investigation, the Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE values of perovskite solar cells decrease drastically when the defect density of the perovskite layer increases. When the defect density went from 1×10-15cm-3 to 1×10-19cm-3, the power conversion efficiency had significantly reduced from 23% to 3% for TiO2, 22% to 6% for ZnO and 22% to 3% for SnO 2. ZnO as ETM showed the most stability to defect density variation hence discovered to be the most suitable in every scenario for low-cost, high-efficiency solar technology.
Comparative Performance Study of Perovskite Solar Cell for Different Electron Transport Materials
Dhaka University Journal of Science
In recent times, planar organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved high power conversion efficiency (PCE > 22%). Mixed organic-inorganic halide perovskites, with excellent light harvesting properties, have evolved as a promising class of semiconductors for photovoltaics. In this work, compositional and electrical characterizations of materials used for different layers of PSC have been studied. One dimensional solar cell simulator wx-AMPS is used for numerical simulation of such devices and all simulations are done under AM1.5 illuminations and 300K temperature. Investigating the influences of thickness of electron transport material (ETM), hole transporting material (HTM) and absorber on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, it is observed that, increase in thickness of perovskite (MAPbI3) results in the increase in PCE of solar cells, whereas increase in thickness of ETM layer results in decrease in the efficiency of the devices. The ETM plays a vital role on th...
ACS Omega
In this article, electron transporting layer (ETL) materials are designed to enhance the performance and stability of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optical and electronic properties of the designed ETLs are investigated using density functional theory. The designed ETLs show better charge mobility compared to nickel phthalocyanines (NiPcs). The NiPc, a hole transporting layer material, shows ETL-like behavior for PSCs with the substitution of different electron withdrawing groups (X = F, Cl, Br, and I). The stability and electron injection behavior of the designed ETLs are improved. The Br 16 NiPc shows the highest charge mobility. Further, the stability of the designed ETLs is relatively better compared to NiPc. Due to the hydrophobic nature, the designed ETLs act as a passivation layer for perovskites and prevent the absorber materials from degradation in the presence of moisture and provide extra stability to the PSCs. The effect of designed ETLs on the performance of MAPbI 3 solar cells is also investigated. The PSCs designed with Br 16 NiPc as an ETL shows a relatively better (23.23%) power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to a TiO 2-based device (21.55%).
A comparative study of different ETMs in perovskite solar cell with inorganic copper iodide as HTM
Optik, 2019
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) research is substantially increasing because of the fast improvement in their power conversion efficiency (PCE), cheapness, possibility to tune the bandgap, low recombination rate, high open circuit voltage, excellent ambipolar charge carrier transport and strong and broad optical absorption. In this paper, different electron transport materials (ETMs) have been analyzed with a new Copper Iodide (CuI) Hole Transport Material (HTM) to replace the conventional hole and electron transport materials for PSCs, such as TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD which have been known to be susceptible to light induced degradation. Moreover, the influence of the ETL, HTL and the perovskite layer thicknesses on the overall cell performance, is studied. The design of the proposed PSC is performed utilizing SCAPS-1D simulator (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-one dimension). Because of its high electron affinity and tunable bandgap, ZnOS is found to be the best replacement for TiO2. The results show that lead-based PSC with CuI as HTM is an efficient arrangement and better than the easily degradable and expensive Spiro-OMeTAD. According to the presented simulation and optimization of various layers thicknesses, the highest designed efficiency is 26.11%.
Advanced Functional Materials, 2020
The electron transport layer (ETL) has an important influence on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This paper presents an N-type semiconductor material, (CH 3) 2 Sn(COOH) 2 (abbreviated as CSCO) that is synthesized and prepared for the first time as an ETL for n-i-p planar PSCs, which leads to a high PCE of 22.21% after KCl treatment, one of the highest PCEs of n-i-p planar PSCs to date. Further analysis reveals that the high PCE is attributed to the excellent conductivity of CSCO because of its more delocalized electron cloud distribution due to its unique −O=C−O− group, and to the defect passivation of the Cs 0.05 (FA 0.85 MA 0.15) 0.95 Pb(I 0.85 Br 0.15) 3 (denoted as CsFAMA) perovskite through the interaction between the O (Sn) atoms of CSCO and the Pb (halogen) atoms of CsFAMA at CSCO/CsFAMA interface, while the traditional ETL materials such as SnO 2 film lack this function. In addition to the high PCE, the optimal PSCs using CSCO as ETL show remarkable stability, retaining over 83% of its initial PCE without encapsulation after 130 days of storage in ambient conditions (≈25 °C at ≈40% humidity), much better than the traditional SnO 2-based n-i-p PSCs.
2019
Recently, photovoltaic energy is growing up rapidly especially in solar cell fabrication. Perovskite-based solar cell technology has been focus of interest from photovoltaic technologies due to its high power conversion efficiency and low processing cost comparing by others. The first step in solar cell fabrication is the simulation, which gives an idea about effect of different parameters on power conversion efficiently with less efforts and costs. There are a lot of software that are used in solar cell simulations, such as GPVDM, SCAPS and Silvaco Atlas. Therefore, several structures are used in perovskite-based solar cells, such as n-i-p, p-i-n, n-p-p and p-p-n. Our study is focused on n-i-p structure. For the present paper we used Silvaco Atlas software because it contains a lot of physical and recombination models based on solving the Poisson partial differential equation and carrier continuity. Moreover, this paper shows numerical simulations of planar heterojunction solar cell structures that have the following layers: hole transporting layer (HTL)/perovskite absorber layer (PVK)/electron transporting layer (ETL). However, different layer materials of ETL are used, namely cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zink oxide (ZnO) in order to study the behavior of solar cells based on perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3). This latter material used in this paper's simulation belongs to organic/inorganic type. The obtained results show that the solar cell structure based on CdS exhibits a better performance in term of power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to that based on ZnO when using the same layer thickness.