Measuring global pandemic governance: how countries respond to COVID-19 (original) (raw)
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COVID-19 Outbreak, Mitigation, and Governance in High Prevalent Countries
Annals of Global Health
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading globally for more than five months, since the World Health Organization officially and systematically began reporting the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in January 2020 [1]. Disease control involves multiple actions overtime to halt the spread of COVID-19. Scientists are devoted to investigating its pathology to develop treatments and vaccines [2, 3], and experts have noted that efficient medical solutions may not be available soon [4, 5]. Preventive actions (e.g., limiting international travels, maintaining personal hygiene, wearing masks, social distancing, and staying in lockdown) have therefore been a predominant theme in recent global scientific research to prevent further spreading of COVID-19. Governance represents the characteristics by which a country manages its authority [6]. It covers the process of selecting, monitoring, and replacing governments, the capability of effectively formulating and implementing sound policies, and the respect of citizens and the country for the institutions that manage their economic and social interactions [6]. Governance influences the design and implementation of health-related policies and services by mobilizing and coordinating stakeholders to realize common goals [7]. Good governance leads to good public health policies and actions [8], which may ultimately contribute to population health. To measure the level of governance across countries, the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators project captures six dimensions of governance: perceptions of voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption [6]. The perception-based data were used to reflect common views regarding governance outcomes from diverse survey respondents and experts in the surveys of individuals, households, firms, commercial businesses, non-governmental organizations, and public sectors [6]. These six World Bank's Governance Indicators have been used individually or as a whole to assess their associations with health outcomes in crosscountry comparison studies, such as countries with low regulatory quality showed 12 times higher maternal mortality risk is 12 times than
Journal of Global Health
Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic takes variable shapes and forms in different regions and countries. This variability is explained by several factors, including the governance of the epidemic. We aimed to identify the key attributes of governance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and gain lessons for an effective response to public health emergencies. Methods We employed a mixed-methods design. We mapped the attributes of governance from well-established governance frameworks. A negative binomial regression was conducted to identify the effect of the established governance measures on the epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used publicly available data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in countries around the world. Document review was conducted to identify the key approaches and attributes of governance during the pre-vaccine era of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify key attributes for effective governance. Results The established governance measures, including generation of intelligence, strategic direction, regulation, partnership, accountability, transparency, rule of law, control of corruption, responsiveness, effectiveness, efficiency, equity, ethics, and inclusiveness, are necessary but not sufficient to effectively respond to and contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional attributes of national governance were identified: 1) agile, adaptive, and transformative governance; 2) collective (collaborative, inclusive, cooperative, accountable, and transparent) governance; 3) multi-level governance; 4) smart and ethical governance: sensible, pragmatic, evidence-based, political, learner, and ethical. Conclusions The current governance frameworks and their attributes are not adequate to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that countries need agile, adaptable, and transformational, collaborative, multi-level, smart and ethical governance to effectively respond to emerging and re-emerging public health threats. In addition, an effective response to public health emergencies depends not only on national governance but also on global governance. Hence, global health governance should be urgently renewed through a paradigm shift towards universal health coverage and health security to all populations and in all countries. This requires enhanced and consistent global health diplomacy based on knowledge, solidarity, and negotiation.
The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 vaccinations and public governance performing a global analysis of more than 110 countries worldwide. Methodology applies the Independent Samples T-Test that compares the means of two independent groups (countries with high/low level of vaccinations) to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means of indicators of public governance are significantly different. Findings suggest that high levels of governance can support a better function of health systems in the rollout of vaccinations to cope with COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This study may assist long-run policy of governments to improve good governance and health systems of countries in order to reinforce the preparedness to face next pandemic threats and in general future crisis management in society.
Governance and the New Corona Virus (COVID-19) Outbreak in the World: Empirical Evidence
Aims: This paper aims to analyze the effect of public governance on the spread and mortality of the new corona virus. It focuses on the effects of differences observed in government's responsiveness on the spread and mortality of this pandemic around the world. Sample: Our study is based on a sample of 129 countries from December, 8th 2019 to May 5 th , 2020. Methods: The Ordinary Least Squares method is applied to cross-sectional data. We also proceed by descriptive statistics and scatter analyses to access the effect of public governance on the spread and the mortality of the Covid-19. Results: The results obtained show that government response time favors the speed of spread,
Global Governance in Crisis? Conclusions from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Global Governance in Crisis? Conclusions from the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2023
The world is witnessing various global challenges as listed in the annual risk assessment reports of certain IGOs (UN, World Bank, World Economic Forum, etc.) and NGOs (Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Global Challenges Foundation, etc.). One can group these challenges under multiple categories such as development, economy, health, energy, nuclear power, artificial intelligence (AI), and environment.
Responsible Governance in Containing the Spread of COVID-19 in a Developing State
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Aim. The study aims to evaluate the government policy implementation in tackling the global pandemic and framing universal policies for responsible governance. It also measures the impact of training interventions and non-training implications in containing the spread of COVID-19 at the grassroots level. Methods. The samples were drawn empirically from pathological tests conducted over 23 weeks to precisely examine the success of the State Government's approach in lowering COVID-19 mortality and spread. Through trend analysis, the outcome has been predicted. The study establishes a link between acknowledged ideas and government practices, providing insight into how relevant the implementation of planned state-craft programs is. Results. The findings indicated that government-imposed policies account for timely pandemic containment, and even a tiny developing state lacking advanced medical facilities and technology can set an example in combating the epidemic. Conclusions. The te...
The Challenge of Pandemic Governance for Low- and Middle-Income Countries after COVID-19
Think Global Health (an initiative of the Council on Foreign Relations), 2022
The global health mantra is familiar—countries can only effectively prepare for and respond to pandemics through cooperation. COVID-19 provides little evidence that state behavior has heeded this slogan. During the most severe global crisis in decades, multilateralism failed, and nationalism prevailed.
Reflections on the Quality of Governance in Pandemic Times
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Governance arrangements played a critical role in countries response to the global pandemic, reminding us that strong institutions make a difference. e paper discusses the main principles, values and dimensions of good governance and offers an overview of available assessment methodologies of the quality of governance. It also shows that, in the case of Romania, the pandemic challenged the governance dimension where Romania is performing worst-the effective provision of public services.
COVID-19 and Public Administration: Global Economic Management
International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2021
The entire world community, starting in mid-December 2019, has come under the enormous influence of the World Coronavirus Epidemic, called COVID-19. The pandemic caused by this virus has already caused thousands of casualties around the world, imposed significant restrictions on the socio-cultural life of the population and radically changed the trends of the global economy. The main purpose of this work is to determine the status and trends of the impact of the recent pandemic situation, which is associated with the emergence of COVID-19. In the process of writing the article, the authors determined the impact of the pandemic situation in the world on the development of the public administration system in the context of economic management. It was found that the following can be considered the basic consequences of the pandemic situation in the world: decline in stock exchange indices; a significant drop in oil prices and a slowdown in the development of the precious metals market; reduction or partial termination of production in the context of economic management. The above factors indicate that today there is a real need for the implementation of anti-crisis and stabilizing measures on the part of government bodies.
International Journal of Health Governance, 2022
This study analyzes the relationship between COVID-19 vaccinations and public governance performing a global analysis of more than 110 countries worldwide. Methodology applies the Independent Samples T-Test that compares the means of two independent groups (countries with high/low level of vaccinations) to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means of indicators of public governance are significantly different. Findings suggest that high levels of governance can support a better function of health systems in the rollout of vaccinations to cope with COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This study may assist long-run policy of governments to improve good governance and health systems of countries in order to reinforce the preparedness to face next pandemic threats and in general future crisis management in society.