Experimental Studies on Thermal Behavior of Alkali Treated Groundnut Shell Particle Reinforced Polymer Composites (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2019
To determine the possibility of using sugar- cane bagasse (SCB)and ground nut shell particulate(GNSP) waste as reinforcing ?ller in the thermo plastic polymer matrix, SCB&GNSP-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared. The PP and SCB and GNSP composites were prepared by the extrusion of PP and GNSP with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of SCB and GNSP with 3,6,9 and 12% filler in a co rotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make test specimens. These specimens were tested for physical and mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, Izod impact strength shore D hardness and water absorption. It was found that the Tensile strength increased from 29.06 to 31.38 MPa, Flexural strength increased from 28.62 to 43.56 MPa, Izod impact strength decreased from 35.11 to 30.93 J/m, and Shore D Hardness increased from 64.88 to 77.89, with increase in filler loading from 5 to 20% in the PP matrix. The decrease in Izod Impact strength and elongation with addition of SCB & GNSP filler to PP matrix follows the general trend of filler effects on polymer matrix. However, the main purpose of this work was to study the effect of SCB & GNSP waste on the mechanical properties of the PP Composites. The SCB and GNSP waste can be used as filler in the PP composites, which will reduce cost and give environmental benefits.
Physico-chemical and mechanical characterization of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites
Iranian Polymer Journal, 2010
olymer biocomposites based on resorcinol-formaldehyde resin matrix, reinforced with pine needles were fabricated by compression moulding technique and further developed in our laboratory. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance of pine needlesreinforced phenolic resin matrix based composites were evaluated to assess the prospect of using the lignocellulosic fibres as a new environmental friendly material in engineering applications. The addition of pine needles into the polymeric matrix promotes a significant improvement in the composite properties. Effect of fibre dimension on mechanical properties was evaluated. It has been observed that polymer composites obtained by particle reinforcement exhibit better mechanical properties as compared to short and long fibre reinforcement. Morphological and thermal properties of the polymer matrix and fibre reinforced green composites have also been studied. In case of morphological features, the results clearly show that when polymer resin matrix is reinforced with fibres of different dimensions, morphological changes take place depending on the fibres' dimension. In case of thermal behaviour, the results obtained clearly indicate that the presence of lignocellulosic pine needles affects the thermal stability of polymer matrix. The values of initial decomposition temperature and final decomposition temperature for polymer composite have been found to be in between those of matrix and the fibre which indicate that the composite is slightly less stable thermally as compared to resin matrix. These composites were further subjected to identical characterization tests such as swelling under different solvents, moisture absorption and chemical resistance analysis, etc. It has been observed that particle reinforced composites exhibit higher resistance to swelling, moisture absorption and chemical resistance behaviour.
Fibers and Polymers, 2020
This study evaluates the thermal, morphological and mechanical behavior of polypropylene (PP) composite with different natural fibers. The fibers used were wood, sugarcane, bamboo, babassu, coconut and kenaf with and without coupling agent. The thermal, morphological and mechanical properties were evaluated, and a composite PP+GFPP (glass fiber) was used as reference. The interaction at the interface fiber-polymer matrix was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the fractured surface of the composites, as expected the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) as coupling agent increasedthe interaction at the interface. The influence of natural fiber in the degree of crystallinity of the composites was evaluated by DSC analysis. The samples of PP+GFPP and PP+(PP-MA)+WF (wood flour) showed better temperature stability. PP+GF also presented superior flexural modulus. The thermal dynamic mechanical behavior was evaluated by DMA, a decrease in storage modulus with increasing temperature was observed, the PP+GF and the composite containing maleic anhydride and sugarcane fiber showed higher modulus. The natural fiber biocomposites studied, consistently presented lower flexural modulus and tensile strength than the reference composite, with and without the use of coupling agent. As expected the use of natural fibers lowered the density compared to the reference material.
EVERGREEN Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences & Green Asia Strategy, 2024
Composites have limitless engineering applications where strength-to-weight ratio, low cost, and ease of manufacture are needed. This study presents to synthesize and evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of sisal, bamboo, and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. Combined chemical and enzyme-assisted extraction methods were employed to extract bamboo fibers, while sisal fibers were extracted using a fiber-extracting machine. Due to the variations in lignin, hemicelluloses, pectin, and wax content and strength among natural fibers, both fibers were subjected to different concentrations of treatments over varying periods. Composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method considering 0, 45, and 90-degree fiber ply orientation angles. Unsaturated polyester mixed with Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is used as a matrix. From the experimental analysis, it has been identified that bamboo fiber-reinforced composites exhibited 140.17 MPa tensile strength with a maximum tensile modulus of 2,595.74 Pa. The variation in tensile strength was significantly affected by the fiber orientation, whereas the compressive strength was influenced by both the fiber type and orientation. As a sample is continually weighted while heating, the bamboo fiber-reinforced composites had a lower mass change and thus, are thermally stable compared to sisal and hybrid composites. ANOVA results for tensile and compressive strength showed that fiber orientation contributed 83.79% for tensile strength and 47.38 % for compressive strength, whereas fiber type contribution was 5.23% and 46.97 %, respectively. Intending to utilize natural fiber-reinforced composites in applications requiring both structural and thermal stability, the study contributes to the advancement of environmentally friendly materials for the applications prioritizing environmental sustainability and technological innovation.
Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2015
Natural fi bers have been used to reinforce materials for over 3,000 years. More recently they have been employed in combination with plastics. Many types of natural fi bers have been investigated for use in plastics including Flax, hemp, jute, straw, wood fi ber, rice husks, wheat, barley, oats, rye, cane (sugar and bamboo), grass reeds, kenaf, ramie, oil palm empty fruit bunch, sisal, coir, water hyacinth, pennywort, kapok, paper-mulberry, raphia, banana fi ber, pineapple leaf fi ber and papyrus. Natural fi bers have the advantage that they are renewable resources and have marketing appeal. The Asian markets have been using natural fi bers for many years e.g., jute is a common reinforcement in India. Natural fi bers are increasingly used in automotive and packaging materials. Pakistan is an agricultural country and it is the main stay of Pakistan's economy. Thousands of tons of different crops are produced but most of their wastes do not have any useful utilization. Agricultural wastes include wheat husk, rice husk, and their straw, hemp fi ber and shells of various dry fruits. These agricultural wastes can be used to prepare fi ber reinforced polymer composites for commercial use. This report examines the different types of fi bers available and the current status of research. Many references to the latest work on properties, processing and application have been cited in this review.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2022
The global drive towards a circular economy that emphasizes sustainability in production processes has increased the use of agro-based raw materials like natural fibres in applications that have long been dependent on inorganic raw materials. Natural fibres provide an eco-friendly, more sustainable, and low cost alternative to synthetic fibres that have been used for a long time in the development of composite materials. However, natural fibres are associated with high water absorption capacity due to their hydrophilic nature leading to poor compatibility with hydrophobic polymeric matrices, thus lower mechanical properties for various applications. Hybridization of natural fibres with synthetic fibres enhances the mechanical performance of natural fibres for structural and nonstructural applications such as automobile, aerospace, marine, sporting, and defense. There have been increased research interests towards natural/synthetic fibre hybrid composites in the past two decades (200...
CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE
Polymeric materials reinforced with synthetic fibers such as glass, carbon, and aramid provide advantages of high stiffness and strength to weight ratio as compared to conventional construction materials, i.e. Wood, concrete and steel. Despite these advantages, the widespread use of synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composite has a tendency to decline because of their high-initial costs, their use in non-efficient structural forms and most importantly their adverse environmental impact. This work is concerned with the testing of mechanical properties on natural fiber (coconut and palm fiber) reinforced composite materials. Composites are fabricated by using chemically untreated coconut and palm fiber with epoxy resin and chemically treated coconut and palm fiber with epoxy resin. The fibers are treated with 5% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for one hour and the specimens were fabricated by hand lay technique. The fiber content in the composite is kept constant to 30% of weight ratio. The mechanical properties are tested on the specimen and the results are compared.
Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers:thermal, morphological and mechanical characterization
Materia-rio De Janeiro, 2017
This study evaluates the thermal, morphological and mechanical behavior of polypropylene (PP) composite with different natural fibers. The fibers used were wood, sugarcane, bamboo, babassu, coconut and kenaf with and without coupling agent. The thermal, morphological and mechanical properties were evaluated, and a composite PP+GFPP (glass fiber) was used as reference. The interaction at the interface fiber-polymer matrix was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the fractured surface of the composites, as expected the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) as coupling agent increasedthe interaction at the interface. The influence of natural fiber in the degree of crystallinity of the composites was evaluated by DSC analysis. The samples of PP+GFPP and PP+(PP-MA)+WF (wood flour) showed better temperature stability. PP+GF also presented superior flexural modulus. The thermal dynamic mechanical behavior was evaluated by DMA, a decrease in storage modulus with increasing temperature was observed, the PP+GF and the composite containing maleic anhydride and sugarcane fiber showed higher modulus. The natural fiber biocomposites studied, consistently presented lower flexural modulus and tensile strength than the reference composite, with and without the use of coupling agent. As expected the use of natural fibers lowered the density compared to the reference material.
Natural fiber polymer composites: A review
Advances in Polymer Technology, 1999
The use of composites in different sectors has become inevitable due to the enhancement in properties, reduction in the manufacturing cost and suitability to several applications. Among different classifications, polymeric composites are mainly focused on their use as structural components and the selection and composition of reinforcement play a vital role in determining the characteristics of the composite. Although composites are developed with man-made reinforcement in the beginning stage, in the present situation, natural reinforcements have proved excellent results in terms of properties. Hence, nowadays researches are mainly focused on the use of different natural fibers in different forms as reinforcements in polymeric composite. This work presents a brief overview on the properties of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites which is an emerging area in polymer science. Interests in natural fiber is reasonable due to the advantages of these materials compared to others, such as synthetic fiber composites, including low environmental impact and low cost and support their potential to be used. Moreover, the disadvantage of the synthetic and fiberglass as reinforcement, the use of natural fiber reinforced composite gained the attention of the young scientists, researchers, and engineers and are being exploited as a replacement for the conventional fiber such as glass, aramid, carbon etc. Natural fibers have been proven alternative to synthetic fiber in transportation such as automobiles, railway coaches and aerospace, military, building, packaging, consumer products and construction industries for ceiling paneling, partition boards etc. However, in development of these composites, some drawbacks have also emerged. In this paper, it has been tried to overview all of this together.
A Review on Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite and Its Applications
Layth Mohammed, 2015
Natural fibers are getting attention from researchers and academician to utilize in polymer composites due to their ecofriendly nature and sustainability. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive review of the foremost appropriate as well as widely used natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) and their applications. In addition, it presents summary of various surface treatments applied to natural fibers and their effect on NFPCs properties. The properties of NFPCs vary with fiber type and fiber source as well as fiber structure. The effects of various chemical treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforcements thermosetting and thermoplastics composites were studied. A number of drawbacks of NFPCs like higher water absorption, inferior fire resistance, and lower mechanical properties limited its applications. Impacts of chemical treatment on the water absorption, tribology, viscoelastic behavior, relaxation behavior, energy absorption flames retardancy, and biodegradability properties of NFPCs were also highlighted. The applications of NFPCs in automobile and construction industry and other applications are demonstrated. It concluded that chemical treatment of the natural fiber improved adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix which ultimately enhanced physicomechanical and thermochemical properties of the NFPCs.